This page is about the duplication instrument. For the electricity pickup device used on trains, see Pantograph (rail).

A pantograph (from Greek roots παντ- 'all, every' and γραφ- 'to write', from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a special manner based on parallelograms so that they move in a fixed relationship to each other. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (700x1070, 166 KB) pantograph source:[1] File links The following pages link to this file: Pantograph ... The Z-shaped pantograph of the electrical pickup on German light railway. ... The locking pliers is an example of a four-bar, one degree of freedom mechanical linkage; or a five-bar, two DOF linkage when the adjustment screw is considered. ... A parallelogram. ...

The first pantograph was constructed in 1630 by Christoph Scheiner, who used the device to re-create diagrams. One arm contained a small pointer while the other held a drawing implement, and by moving the pointer over a diagram, a copy of the diagram was drawn on another piece of paper. By changing the positions of the arms in the linkage between the pointer arm and drawing arm, the scale of the image produced can be changed. A more complicated version called an eidograph was developed by William Wallace in 1831. Modern versions of pantographs can be found in many toy stores. Christoph Scheiner (July 25, 1573 or 1575 – June 18, 1650) was a German astronomer and Jesuit. ...

Thomas Jefferson built his own pantograph into his house, Monticello. Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 N.S. – July 4, 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–1809), principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential founders of the United States. ... Thomas Jeffersons Monticello Monticello, located near Charlottesville, Virginia, is the estate of Thomas Jefferson. ...

Another common use for the pantograph was to construct "drafting machines". In these devices the arms were arranged in such a fashion as to keep the "pen" arm at a specific angle in relation to the "pointer" arm - although the pointer and pen are missing. The "pointer" arm is fixed to the side of the table at a right angle, implying that that "pen" end is likewise at a fixed right angle no matter where it is moved. Typically a straight-edge is placed at the "pen" end, which can then be used to quickly draw a series of parallel lines. Drafting machines replaced the older system of t-square and triangles, speeding up drawing. An example of a technical drawing with orthographic and isometric view. ... Parallel is a term in geometry and in everyday life that refers to a property in Euclidean space of two or more lines or planes, or a combination of these. ... A T-square is a technical drawing instrument primarily a guide for drawing horizontal lines on a drafting table. ...

A type of pantograph was used in the early days of sound recording to duplicate phonograph cylinders in the late 19th century. Methods and media for sound recording are varied and have undergone significant changes between the first time sound was actually recorded for later playback until now. ... The earliest method of recording and reproducing sound was on phonograph cylinders. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Also a type of windshield wiper arm that controls a wiper blade's orientation (usually vertical) throughout the entire motion across the windshield. The mechanism is most often a parallelogram, occasionally a trapezium with two equal sides, or rarely a trapezium with no equal sides. One long leg is rotated via a driven shaft, and the wiper blade is attached to a short leg. It is typically seen on large commercial vehicles such as buses, trucks, and tractors. A windscreen wiper (windshield wiper in North America) is a device used to wipe rain and dirt from a windscreen. ... A trapezoid (American English) or trapezium (British English) is a quadrilateral two of whose sides are parallel to each other. ... TheBus, established by Mayor Frank Fasi, is Honolulus only public transit system. ... The driver of this DAF tractor with an auto-transport semi-trailer prepares to offload Skoda Octavia cars in Cardiff, Wales For other meanings, see Truck (disambiguation). ...

See also James Watt's parallel motion. The parallel motion was a mechanical linkage invented by James Watt in 1784 for his double-acting steam engine. ...