Papal conclave, August 1492

Dates	August 6–August 11, 1492
Location	Sistine Chapel, Apostolic Palace, Papal States
Dean	Rodrigo Borja
Vice Dean	Oliviero Carafa
Camerlengo	Raffaele Riario
Protodeacon	Francesco Piccolomini
Ballots	Pope elected after 4 ballots
Elected Pope	Rodrigo Borja (took name Alexander VI)

The papal conclave of 1492 (August 6 – August 11, 1492) convened after the death of Pope Innocent VIII (July 25, 1492), elected Rodrigo Borja as Pope Alexander VI. The first conclave to be held in the Sistine Chapel, the election is notorious for allegations of simony. Image File history File links Ombrellino-keys. ... August 6 is the 218th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (219th in leap years), with 147 days remaining. ... August 11 is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Not to be confused with 1492: Conquest of Paradise. ... The Sistine Chapel (Italian: ) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope, in the Vatican City. ... View across St. ... Coat of arms Map of the Papal States; the reddish area was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1860, the rest (grey) in 1870. ... Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), born Roderic Borja (Italian: Borgia), (reigned from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the secular popes of the Renaissance and one whose surname became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era. ... Oliviero Carafa (1430 - 20 January 1511) was an Italian Cardinal and diplomat of the Renaissance. ... Raffaele Sansoni Galeoti Riario (May 3, 1461 – July 9, 1521) was an Italian Cardinal of the Renaissance, mainly known as the constructor of the Palazzo della Cancelleria and the one who called Michelangelo in Rome. ... Pope Pius III (May 9, 1439 – October 18, 1503), born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, was Pope from September 22 to October 18, 1503. ... Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), born Roderic Borja (Italian: Borgia), (reigned from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the secular popes of the Renaissance and one whose surname became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era. ... August 6 is the 218th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (219th in leap years), with 147 days remaining. ... August 11 is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Not to be confused with 1492: Conquest of Paradise. ... Pope Innocent VIII (1432 – July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo, was Pope from 1484 until his death. ... July 25 is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Not to be confused with 1492: Conquest of Paradise. ... Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), born Roderic Borja (Italian: Borgia), (reigned from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the secular popes of the Renaissance and one whose surname became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era. ... The Sistine Chapel (Italian: ) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope, in the Vatican City. ... Look up simony in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Cardinal electors

Of the twenty-three cardinals participating in the conclave, fourteen had been elevated by Pope Sixtus IV.^[1] The Cardinals of Sixtus IV, known as the "Sistine Cardinals" and led by Giuliano della Rovere, had controlled the conclave of 1484, electing one of their own, Giambattista Cibo as Pope Innocent VIII.^[2] Since 1431 the composition of the College of Cardinals had been radically transformed, increasing the number of cardinal-nephews (from 3 to 10), crown cardinals (from 2 to 8), and representatives of powerful Roman noble families (from 2 to 4).^[3] With the exception of three curial officials and one pastor, the cardinals were "secularly-minded princes largely unconcerned with the spiritual life of either the Latin church or its members."^[3] Sixtus IV (July 21, 1414 – August 12, 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... Events January 25 - Peter Arbues, chief of the Spanish Inquisition, is assassinated when he is praying in the cathedral at Saragossa, Spain July 6 - Portuguese sea captain Diogo Cão finds the mouth of Congo River December 5 - Pope Innocent VIII gives the inquisition a mission to hunt heretics and... Pope Innocent VIII (1432 – July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo, was Pope from 1484 until his death. ... Events February 21 - The trial of Joan of Arc March 3 - Eugenius IV becomes Pope May 30 - In Rouen, France, 19-year old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake. ... The Sacred College of Cardinals is the body of all Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church established by Pope St. ... Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni, the last Cardinal Nephew, painted by Francesco Trevisani A cardinal-nephew (Latin: cardinalis nepos;[1] Spanish: valido de su tío; French: le prince de la fortune)[2] is a cardinal elevated by a pope who is his uncle. ...

At the time of Innocent VIII's death, the names of Cardinals Gherardo and Sanseverino had not been published, thus making them inelegible to participate in the conclave; however, both were published as an act of the College in sede vacante, Gherardo having been pushed by Orsini and Sanseverino by Sforza.^[3] Gherardo was assigned the title of Santi Nereo ed Achilleo, which it was believed Innocent VIII had intended for him; Sanseverino was given the poor and undesirable diaconate of San Teodoro to ensure that the future pontiff would confirm his assignment.^[3] Sede vacante is the vacancy of the episcopal see of a particular church in the Canon law of the Roman Catholic Church. ... San Teodoro may refer to: Italy San Teodoro (Me), comune in the Province of Messina; San Teodoro (Nu), comune in the Province of Nuoro; San Teodoro (Rome), 6th century church of Rome. ...

According to the account of bishop ambassador Giovanni Andrea Boccaccio, at least seven cardinals considered themselves papabile, having dismantled the furnishings of their palaces as a precaution against the traditional pillaging of the pope-elect's residence by the Roman populace: da Costa, Fregoso, Michiel, Piccolomini, Domenico della Rovere, Savelli, and Zeno.^[3] Papabile (plural: Papabili) is an unofficial Italian term first coined by Vaticanologists and now used internationally in many languages to describe cardinals of whom it is thought likely or possible that they will be elected pope. ...

Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), born Roderic Borja (Italian: Borgia), (reigned from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the secular popes of the Renaissance and one whose surname became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era. ... // Valencia is the name of two large cities in different parts of the world: Spain: Valencia, capital of the Valencia Autonomous Community. ... // Events July 7 - Joan of Arc acquitted (but she had already been executed). ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... September 17 is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events July 7 - Joan of Arc acquitted (but she had already been executed). ... Calistus and Calixtus III redirect here. ... The Dean of the College of Cardinals is the president of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church and as such is always a Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church of the episcopal order. ... Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), born Roderic Borja (Italian: Borgia), (reigned from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the secular popes of the Renaissance and one whose surname became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era. ... Borja (better known by the Italian spelling of the name, Borgia) was an influential Spanish family during the Renaissance. ... Oliviero Carafa (1430 - 20 January 1511) was an Italian Cardinal and diplomat of the Renaissance. ... “Napoli” redirects here. ... There are communes that have the name Albano in Italy: Albano di Lucania, in the province of Potenza Albano Laziale, in the province of Rome Albano SantAlessandro, in the province of Bergamo Albano Vercellese, in the province of Vercelli This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which... Events October 29 - Battle of Brusthem: Charles the Bold defeats Liege Beginning of the Sengoku Period in Japan. ... September 18 is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years). ... Pope Paul II (February 23, 1417 – July 26, 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 1464 until his death. ... Ferdinand I (1423 - January 25, 1494), also called Don Ferrante, was the King of Naples from 1458 to 1494. ... Genoa (Genova [] in Italian - Zena [] in Genoese) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. ... Façade of the basilica. ... Benevento is a town and comune of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento, 50 km northeast of Naples. ... Events March 14 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. ... March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (69th in leap years). ... Pope Innocent VIII (1432 – July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo, was Pope from 1484 until his death. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... Santa Maria in Aquiro Santa Maria in Aquiro is a [[churches of Rome|church in Rome. ... Events March 6 - Treaty of Toledo - Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain recognize African conquests of Afonso of Portugal and he cedes the Canary Islands to Spain Great standing on the Ugra river - Muscovy becomes independent from the Golden Horde. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sixtus IV (July 21, 1414 – August 12, 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... San Vitale is the Italian name for Saint Vitalis. ... Events The São Tomé settlement is founded. ... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sixtus IV (July 21, 1414 – August 12, 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... There are communes that have the name Albano in Italy: Albano di Lucania, in the province of Potenza Albano Laziale, in the province of Rome Albano SantAlessandro, in the province of Bergamo Albano Vercellese, in the province of Vercelli This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Lisboa  - Subregion Grande Lisboa  - District or A.R. Lisbon Mayor Carmona Rodrigues  - Party PSD Area 84. ... Events March 2 - Battle of Grandson. ... December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sixtus IV (July 21, 1414 – August 12, 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... Afonso V of Portugal, Conqueror of African strongholds Afonso V, King of Portugal KG (Portuguese pron. ... Genoa (Genova [] in Italian - Zena [] in Genoese) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. ... San Sisto Vecchio is a church in Rome, devoted to St. ... Genoa (Genova [] in Italian - Zena [] in Genoese) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. ... Events March 6 - Treaty of Toledo - Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain recognize African conquests of Afonso of Portugal and he cedes the Canary Islands to Spain Great standing on the Ugra river - Muscovy becomes independent from the Golden Horde. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sixtus IV (July 21, 1414 – August 12, 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia, Latin: Venetia) is a city in northern Italy, the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,663 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ... St Benedict of Nursia (c. ... Camaldolese Priory on Bielany in Kraków The Camaldolese are part of the Benedictine family of monastic communities which follow the way of life outlined in the Rule of St. ... Santi Nereo e Achilleo is a 4th century church in Rome. ... The Patriarch of Venice is one of the few Patriarchs in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church. ... Events March 14 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. ... March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (69th in leap years). ... Pope Innocent VIII (1432 – July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo, was Pope from 1484 until his death. ... In pectore (Latin for in the breast/heart) is a term used in the Roman Catholic Church to refer to the power of the pope to name secret cardinals whose names are not revealed and whose identities are therefore known only to the pope and to God. ... Pope Leo X, born Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici (11 December 1475 – 1 December 1521) was Pope from 1513 to his death. ... Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... Santa Maria in Domnica, facade. ... Events March 14 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. ... March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (69th in leap years). ... Pope Innocent VIII (1432 – July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo, was Pope from 1484 until his death. ... Pope Leo X, born Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici (11 December 1475 – 1 December 1521) was Pope from 1513 to his death. ... Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia, Latin: Venetia) is a city in northern Italy, the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,663 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ... Palestrina (ancient Praeneste) was and is a very ancient city of Latium (modern Lazio) 23 miles (37 km) east of Rome, and was reached by the Via Praenestina (see below). ... August 26 - Baeda Maryam succeeds his father Zara Yaqob as Emperor of Ethiopia. ... November 21 is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Pope Paul II (February 23, 1417 – July 26, 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 1464 until his death. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... Country Italy Region Marche Province Province of Ancona (AN) Mayor Elevation m Area 18. ... Events The São Tomé settlement is founded. ... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sixtus IV (July 21, 1414 – August 12, 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... Genoa (Genova [] in Italian - Zena [] in Genoese) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. ... Inside of Santa Prassede. ... Ourense (Galician official name Ourense; Spanish traditional name Orense) is a town in northwestern Spain, the capital of the province of Ourense in Galicia. ... Events March 14 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. ... March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (69th in leap years). ... Pope Innocent VIII (1432 – July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo, was Pope from 1484 until his death. ... Pope Pius III (May 9, 1439 – October 18, 1503), born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, was Pope from September 22 to October 18, 1503. ... “Napoli” redirects here. ... SantEustachio SantEustachio is a titular church in Rome It was founded in the 8th century, or possibly earlier, as a diaconia (a centre for helping the poor), and restored in the 12th century (including the addition of a new campanile). ... Piazza del Campo Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. ... Events The first Portuguese navigators reach the coast of modern Sierra Leone. ... This article is about the day. ... Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini (Latin Aeneas Sylvius), (October 18, 1405 – August 14, 1464) was Pope from 1458 until his death. ... Protodeacon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Pope Pius III (May 9, 1439 – October 18, 1503), born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, was Pope from September 22 to October 18, 1503. ... This article is about the city in Italy. ... Novara is a city of Piedmont, in North-west Italy, to the west of Milan. ... Aléria (Greek and Roman Alalia) is a commune in the Haute-Corse département of France, on the island of Corsica. ... Events March 14 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. ... March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (69th in leap years). ... Pope Innocent VIII (1432 – July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo, was Pope from 1484 until his death. ... Raffaele Sansoni Galeoti Riario (May 3, 1461 – July 9, 1521) was an Italian Cardinal of the Renaissance, mainly known as the constructor of the Palazzo della Cancelleria and the one who called Michelangelo in Rome. ... Country Italy Region Liguria Province Savona (SV) Mayor Federico Berruti Elevation m Area 65 km² Population  - Total (as of December 12, 2004) 61,742  - Density 921/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Savonesi Dialing code 019 Postal code 17100 Frazioni Lavagnola, Légino, Zinola, Santuario Patron Our Lady... Interior of San Lorenzo in Damaso. ... Events January 5 - Battle of Nancy - Charles the Bold of Burgundy is again defeated, and this time is killed. ... December 12 is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 19 days remaining. ... Sixtus IV (July 21, 1414 – August 12, 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... The title Camerlengo (Italian for Chamberlain) refers to an official of the Papal court, referring either to the Chamberlain of the Roman Catholic Church, to the Chamberlain of the Sacred College of Cardinals, or to various lesser dignitaries. ... Country Italy Region Liguria Province Savona (SV) Mayor Federico Berruti Elevation m Area 65 km² Population  - Total (as of December 12, 2004) 61,742  - Density 921/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Savonesi Dialing code 019 Postal code 17100 Frazioni Lavagnola, Légino, Zinola, Santuario Patron Our Lady... Façade of the basilica San Crisogono is a church in Rome (rione Trastevere) dedicated to the martyr Saint Chrysogonus. ... Events January 5 - Battle of Nancy - Charles the Bold of Burgundy is again defeated, and this time is killed. ... December 10 is the 344th day (345th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, 21 days before the next year. ... December 12 is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 19 days remaining. ... Events January 5 - Battle of Nancy - Charles the Bold of Burgundy is again defeated, and this time is killed. ... Sixtus IV (July 21, 1414 – August 12, 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... Country Italy Region Liguria Province Savona (SV) Mayor Federico Berruti Elevation m Area 65 km² Population  - Total (as of December 12, 2004) 61,742  - Density 921/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Savonesi Dialing code 019 Postal code 17100 Frazioni Lavagnola, Légino, Zinola, Santuario Patron Our Lady... The Basilica of San Clemente is a complex of buildings in Rome centered around a 12th century Roman Catholic church dedicated to Pope Clement I. The site is notable as being an archeological record of Roman architectural, political and religious history from the early Christian era to the Middle Ages. ... “Torino” redirects here. ... Events February 18 - George, Duke of Clarence, convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England, is privately executed in the Tower of London. ... February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sixtus IV (July 21, 1414 – August 12, 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... Pope Julius II (December 5, 1443 – February 21, 1513), born Giuliano della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513. ... Country Italy Region Liguria Province Savona (SV) Mayor Federico Berruti Elevation m Area 65 km² Population  - Total (as of December 12, 2004) 61,742  - Density 921/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Savonesi Dialing code 019 Postal code 17100 Frazioni Lavagnola, Légino, Zinola, Santuario Patron Our Lady... Bologna (IPA , from Latin Bononia, BulÃ¥ggna in Emiliano-Romagnolo) is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, in the Pianura Padana, between the Po River and the Apennines, exactly between the Reno River and the Sàvena River. ... City flag City coat of arms Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Région Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur Département Vaucluse (préfecture) Arrondissement Avignon Canton Chief town of 4 cantons Intercommunality Communauté dagglomération du Grand Avignon Mayor Marie-Josée Roig... This article is about the year 1471, not the BT caller ID service accessible by dialling 1-4-7-1. ... December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year 1471, not the BT caller ID service accessible by dialling 1-4-7-1. ... Sixtus IV (July 21, 1414 – August 12, 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... Pope Julius II (December 5, 1443 – February 21, 1513), born Giuliano della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513. ... Borja (better known by the Italian spelling of the name, Borgia) was an influential Spanish family during the Renaissance. ... “Napoli” redirects here. ... San Teodoro may refer to: Italy San Teodoro (Me), comune in the Province of Messina; San Teodoro (Nu), comune in the Province of Nuoro; San Teodoro (Rome), 6th century church of Rome. ... Events March 14 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. ... March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (69th in leap years). ... Pope Innocent VIII (1432 – July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo, was Pope from 1484 until his death. ... In pectore (Latin for in the breast/heart) is a term used in the Roman Catholic Church to refer to the power of the pope to name secret cardinals whose names are not revealed and whose identities are therefore known only to the pope and to God. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... San Nicola in Carcere San Nicola in Carcere (Italian, St Nicholas in prison) is a titular church in Rome. ... Events March 6 - Treaty of Toledo - Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain recognize African conquests of Afonso of Portugal and he cedes the Canary Islands to Spain Great standing on the Ugra river - Muscovy becomes independent from the Golden Horde. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sixtus IV (July 21, 1414 – August 12, 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... Bologna (IPA , from Latin Bononia, BulÃ¥ggna in Emiliano-Romagnolo) is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, in the Pianura Padana, between the Po River and the Apennines, exactly between the Reno River and the Sàvena River. ... His eminence Giovanni Giacomo Sclafenati (died December 9, 1497) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church. ... This article is about the city in Italy. ... Facade of Santa Cecilia, a 1725 project by Ferdinando Fuga, with the 12th century belltower. ... Parma is a city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, famous for its architecture and the fine countryside around it. ... Events The São Tomé settlement is founded. ... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sixtus IV (July 21, 1414 – August 12, 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... This article is about the city in Italy. ... Events January 25 - Peter Arbues, chief of the Spanish Inquisition, is assassinated when he is praying in the cathedral at Saragossa, Spain July 6 - Portuguese sea captain Diogo Cão finds the mouth of Congo River December 5 - Pope Innocent VIII gives the inquisition a mission to hunt heretics and... March 6 is the 65th day of the year (66th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 25 - Peter Arbues, chief of the Spanish Inquisition, is assassinated when he is praying in the cathedral at Saragossa, Spain July 6 - Portuguese sea captain Diogo Cão finds the mouth of Congo River December 5 - Pope Innocent VIII gives the inquisition a mission to hunt heretics and... Sixtus IV (July 21, 1414 – August 12, 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... Borja (better known by the Italian spelling of the name, Borgia) was an influential Spanish family during the Renaissance. ... Giovanni Battista Zeno or Zen (died May 7, 1501) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church. ... Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia, Latin: Venetia) is a city in northern Italy, the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,663 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... August 26 - Baeda Maryam succeeds his father Zara Yaqob as Emperor of Ethiopia. ... November 21 is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Pope Paul II (February 23, 1417 – July 26, 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 1464 until his death. ...

Absent Cardinals

There is no evidence that any of the four absent cardinals made an attempt to reach Rome for the conclave.^[3]

First courtyard with the guard tower. ... La Seu Vella, the Romanesque-Gothic old Cathedral of Lleida La Seu Vella Lleida (Catalan: Lleida, Spanish: Lérida) is a city in the west of Catalonia, Spain. ... // Events July 7 - Joan of Arc acquitted (but she had already been executed). ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... September 17 is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events July 7 - Joan of Arc acquitted (but she had already been executed). ... Calistus and Calixtus III redirect here. ... Pedro González de Mendoza (May 3, 1428 - January 11, 1495), Spanish cardinal and statesman, was the fourth son of Íñigo López de Mendoza, marquess of Santillana, and duke of Infantado. ... Facade of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme. ... The façade of Toledo cathedral Toledo is a city located in central Spain, the capital of the province of Toledo and of the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha. ... Events Ottoman sultan Mehmed II defeats the White Sheep Turkmens lead by Uzun Hasan at Otlukbeli Axayacatl, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan invades the territory of neighboring Aztec city of Tlatelolco. ... is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sixtus IV (July 21, 1414 – August 12, 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar. ... Ferdinand on the left with Isabella on the right Coffins of the Catholic Monarchs at the Granada Cathedral The Catholic Monarchs (Spanish: los Reyes Católicos) is the collective title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: (Franco-Provençal: Forward, forward, Lyon the best) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country Region Rhône-Alpes Department Rhône (69) Subdivisions 9 arrondissements Intercommunality Urban Community of Lyon Mayor Gérard Collomb  (PS) (since 2001) City Statistics Land... Events March 14 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. ... March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (69th in leap years). ... Pope Innocent VIII (1432 – July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo, was Pope from 1484 until his death. ... Charles VIII the Affable (French: Charles VIII lAffable) (June 30, 1470 – April 7, 1498) was King of France from 1483 to his death. ... Pierre dAubusson (1423 - 1503) was a Grand Master of the order of St John of Jerusalem (the Knights Hospitaller), and a zealous opponent of the Turks. ... Events March 14 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. ... March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (69th in leap years). ... Pope Innocent VIII (1432 – July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo, was Pope from 1484 until his death. ... This is a list of Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller. ... Baron Vassiliev, a 19th-century Knight Commander The Knights Hospitaller (also known as the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, the Knights of Malta, the Knights of Rhodes, and the Chevaliers of Malta) was an organization that began as an Amalfitan hospital founded in... Rhodes (Greek: Ρόδος (pron. ...

Procedures

Exterior of the Sistine Chapel

As dictated by the prescriptions Ubi periculum and Ne Romani, the conclave should have begun on August 4, ten days after the death of Innocent VIII; however, the conclave was delayed to await the slow arrival of the aged Gherardo, bearing a letter from Venice's Council of Ten urging his acceptance into the College.^[3] The cardinals had decided as early as their first meeting on July 24 to use the Sistine Chapel for the balloting and assembly of the conclave.^[3] Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 448 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Sistine Chapel ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 448 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Sistine Chapel ... The Sistine Chapel (Italian: ) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope, in the Vatican City. ... The Council of Ten, or simply the Ten, was, from 1310 to 1797, one of the major governing bodies of the Republic of Venice. ... The Sistine Chapel (Italian: ) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope, in the Vatican City. ...

Johann Burchard, the German papal master of ceremonies, who presided over the conclave, as well as the previous one in 1484, kept an extensive diary, noting that each cardinal was provided:^[4] // Early Life Johann Burchard was born c. ... Events January 25 - Peter Arbues, chief of the Spanish Inquisition, is assassinated when he is praying in the cathedral at Saragossa, Spain July 6 - Portuguese sea captain Diogo Cão finds the mouth of Congo River December 5 - Pope Innocent VIII gives the inquisition a mission to hunt heretics and...

The Mass of the Holy Spirit (celebrated by Giuliano della Rovere rather than Borja who as Dean would traditionally have been the celebrant)^[3] and then a speech by Bernardino Lopez de Carvajal on the "evils afflicting the Church" preceded the beginning of the conclave on April 6, 1492.^[5] Carvajal, a Spaniard and the ambassador to Ferdinand and Isabella, as well as Gonzalo Fernandez de Heredia, and Iberian and archbishop of Tarragona in charge of security, were probably chosen by Borja in his capacity as Dean.^[3] A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually a bishop, of the Roman Catholic Church, a member of the College of Cardinals which as a body elects a new pope. ... A rochet is a vestment generally worn by a Catholic or Anglican Bishop in choir dress. ... Fruit shapes molded from marzipan Marzipan is a confection consisting primarily of sugar and ground almonds that derives its characteristic flavor from bitter almonds, which constitute 4% to 6% of total almond content by weight. ... Bernardino López de Carvajal (b. ... is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Not to be confused with 1492: Conquest of Paradise. ... Ferdinand on the left with Isabella on the right Coffins of the Catholic Monarchs at the Granada Cathedral The Catholic Monarchs (Spanish: los Reyes Católicos) is the collective title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. ... Tarragona (IPA: in Catalan) is a city located in the south of Catalonia, northeastern Spain, by the Mediterranean Sea. ...

The remainder of August 6th was consumed by the drafting and subscription to the election capitulation, which—although not extant—is known to have restricted the number of new cardinals which could be created by the new pope.^[3] Capitulations (from Lat. ...

Vote count

The first ballot ("scrutiny"), held on August 8th, was said to have resulted in nine votes for Carafa, seven for Borja, Costa, and Michiel, and five for Giuliano della Rovere, with Sforza notably recieving zero votes.^[6] Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... Country Italy Region Liguria Province Savona (SV) Mayor Federico Berruti Elevation m Area 65 km² Population  - Total (as of December 12, 2004) 61,742  - Density 921/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Savonesi Dialing code 019 Postal code 17100 Frazioni Lavagnola, Légino, Zinola, Santuario Patron Our Lady... Genoa (Genova [] in Italian - Zena [] in Genoese) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. ... This article is about the city in Italy. ... “Napoli” redirects here. ... Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia, Latin: Venetia) is a city in northern Italy, the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,663 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ... Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... The Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa), or Portugal, is a democratic republic located on the west and southwest parts of the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. ...

The second ballot produced: nine for Carafa, eight for Borja, seven for Michiel, and five for Giuliano della Rovere.^[5]

According to the Florentine Ambassador, one of the guards of the conclave, as of August 10th, there had been three unsuccessful ballots, favoring Costa and Carafa,^[7] but in no way indicating Borja might be chosen.^[8] According to Sigismondo de' Conti, papal secretary and chronicler, the vote was unanimous on the fourth ballot, taken early in the morning on August 11th, although Borja had only 15 votes prior to the accessus;^[9] other accounts say Borja recieved all the votes except for his own, which he gave to Carafa.^[8] Unanimity is a complete agreement by everyone. ... Accessus is a term applied to the voting in conclave for the election of a pope, by which a cardinal changes his vote and accedes to some other candidate. ...

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, the election of Rodrigo Borja "almost entirely due to" Giambattisti Orsini.^[10] The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language encyclopedia published in 1913 by The Encyclopedia Press. ...

Allegations of simony

Pope Alexander VI, painted by Pinturicchio

The Venetian envoy to Milan informed his confrère in Ferrara: "that by simony and a thousand villanies and indecencies the papacy has been sold, which is a disgraceful and detestable business," adding that he expected Spain and France to withhold their support from the new pontiff.^[8][11] After the conclave, a ubiquitous epigram within Rome was: "Alexander sells the Keys, the Altar, Christ Himself—he has a right to for he bought them."^[12] Image File history File links File links The following pages link to this file: Pope Alexander VI ... Image File history File links File links The following pages link to this file: Pope Alexander VI ... Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), born Roderic Borja (Italian: Borgia), (reigned from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the secular popes of the Renaissance and one whose surname became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era. ... The Crucifixion with Sts Jerome and Christopher (1471) Oil on wood, 59 x 40 cm Galleria Borghese, Rome Pinturicchio (1454-1513), Italian painter, whose full name was Bernardino di Betti. ...

On August 10th, after the third ballot, Ascanio Sforza allegedly came to believe his own ambitions of being elected pope were impossible and became succeptable to Borja's offer: the office of Vice-Chancellor and the associated Palazzo Borgia, the Castle of Nepi, the bishopric of Erlau (with annual revenue of 10,000 ducats) and other benefices.^[13][14] Sforza was also reputed to have recieved four mule-loads of silver (some sources say gold), which Borja ordered to be delivered immediately after the deal was struck.^[11][15] The price of the other Cardinals was as follows: Orsini, the fortified towns of Monticelli and Soriano, the legation of the Marches, and the bishopric of Carthagena (with annual revenue of 5,000 ducats);^[16][14] Colonna, the abbey of Subiaco and its environs (with annual revenue of 3,000 ducats);^[17][14] Savelli, Civita Castellana and the bishopric of Majorca;^[17] Pallavicini, the bishopric of Pampeluna (Pamplona);^[17][14] Michiel, the suburban bishopric of Porto;^[18][14] Riario, Spanish benefices with annual income of 4,000 ducats and the return of a house in the Piazza Navona (which Sforza had occupied) to the children of Count Girolamo.^[14] Sanseverino's compensation included Rodrigo Borgia's house in Milan.^[14] Cardinals Sclafenati and Domenico della Rovere were to receive abbacies and/or benefices.^[18] Cardinals Andicino della Porta and Conti followed Sforza, whom they had originally supported.^[18] (Eger is also German name for the city Cheb in the Czech Republic. ... Monticelli Montricelli Church Monticelli is a small village in the commune of Teramo in the Abruzzo region of Italy. ... Soriano is a department of Uruguay. ... Mark or march (or various plural forms of these words) are derived from the Frankish word marka (boundary) and refer to an area along a border, e. ... Cartagena may refer to: Places Cartagena, Chile Cartagena, Colombia Cartagena, Spain Cartagena, Costa Rica, village in Guácimo Canton Other Cartagena (board game), a German-style board game about the 1672 escape from the fortress of Cartagena. ... Subiaco is the name of at least three towns: Subiaco, Italy, the one most often meant, the site of St. ... Civita Castellana (anc. ... Location Location of Majorca in Balearic Islands Coordinates : 39° 30’N , 3°0E Time Zone : CET (UTC+1) - summer: CEST (UTC+2) General information Native name Mallorca (Catalan) Spanish name Mallorca Postal code 07001-07691 Area code 34 (Spain) + 971 (Illes Balears) Website http://www. ... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Norte  - Subregion Grande Porto  - District or A.R. Porto Mayor Rui Rio  - Party PSD Area 41. ...

The aforementioned Cardinals plus Borja's own vote numbered 14, one short of the required two-third majority. However, Cardinals Carafa, Costa, Piccolomini, Cibò, and Zeno, followed by Medici, were unwilling to be bribed.^[18][11] Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere, followed by Basso, was intractably opposed to Borja's election.^[18] Thus, the ninety-six year old Gherardo, the Cardinal Patriarch of Venice,^[11] who was paid only 5,000 ducats,^[19] constituted the deciding vote.^[20]

According to Professor Picotti, who extensively researched the conclave and came to the conclusion that simony had occured, no accounts of papal income and expenditure exist in the registers of Introitus et Exitus for August 1492, and debts from the Apostolic Camera to Cardinals Campofregoso, Domenico della Rovere, Sanseverino, and Orsini appeared soon afterwards.^[21] The Spannocchi bank, which housed much of Borja's wealth, was said to have nearly crashed after the conclave due to the velocity of transactions.^[9] The Apostolic Camera, or in Latin (Reverenda) Camera Apostolica or Apostolica Camera, is the former central board of finance in the papal administrative system, which at one time was of great importance in the government of the States of the Church, and in the administration of justice, lead by the...

Some sources say that Charles VIII of France had bankrolled 200,000 ducats (plus 100,000 ducats from the Doge of Genoa) for the election of Giuliano della Rovere, although several otherwise bribable cardinals were hostile to French interference.^[22] Charles VIII the Affable (French: Charles VIII lAffable) (June 30, 1470 – April 7, 1498) was King of France from 1483 to his death. ... Flag of Genoa. ... Pope Julius II Julius II, né Giuliano della Rovere (December 5, 1443 - February 21, 1513), was pope from 1503 to 1513. ...

Other historians regard politics as a stronger factor within the conclave than pure simony, with the personal rivalvry between Giuliano della Rovere and Ascanio Sforza (who had met to discuss the upcoming conclave in Castel Gandolfo even before Innocent VII had died^[23]) substituting for the ancient struggle between Naples and Milan,^[24] with the intractability between the two parties making Borja a viable candidate.^[9] Castel Gandolfo and the Lake of Albano. ...

References

• Chamberlin, Eric Russell. 2003. The Bad Popes. Barnes & Noble Publishing. ISBN 0880291168.
• Pastor, Ludwig. 1902. The History of Popes. K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., Ltd.

Notes