Ancient Region of Anatolia Paphlagonia (Παφλαγονία)
Location	North central Anatolia
State existed:	5th c-183 BC
Language	Paphlagonian
Historical capitals	Gangra
Roman province	Pontus

Paphlagonia was an ancient area on the Black Sea coast of north central Anatolia, situated between Bithynia and Pontus, and separated from Phrygia (later, Galatia) by a prolongation to the east of the Bithynian Olympus. According to Strabo, the river Parthenius formed the western limit of the region, and it was bounded on the east by the Halys river. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1455x1254, 926 KB) Sunset in Amasra. ... This article is about two nested areas of Turkey, a plateau region within a peninsula. ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... Çankiri (correct Turkish spelling Çankırı) is a town in Turkey, in Çankırı Province, about 140 km northeast of Ankara. ... Map of the Roman Empire, with the provinces, after 120 AD. In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin, provincia, pl. ... Traditional rural Pontic house A man in traditional clothes from Trabzon, illustration Pontus is the name which was applied, in ancient times, to extensive tracts of country in the northeast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) bordering on the Euxine (Black Sea), which was often called simply Pontos (the main), by... Image File history File links Lydia_original_area_of_lydia. ... For other uses, see Black Sea (disambiguation). ... This article is about two nested areas of Turkey, a plateau region within a peninsula. ... Bithynia was an ancient region, kingdom and Roman province in the northwest of Asia Minor, adjoining the Propontis, the Thracian Bosporus and the Euxine (today Black Sea). ... Traditional rural Pontic house A man in traditional clothes from Trabzon, illustration Pontus is the name which was applied, in ancient times, to extensive tracts of country in the northeast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) bordering on the Euxine (Black Sea), which was often called simply Pontos (the main), by... In antiquity, Phrygia (Greek: ) was a kingdom in the west central part of the Anatolia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Greek geographer Strabo in a 16th century engraving. ... The name Parthenius may refer to one of several persons: the Greek grammarian and poet Parthenius of Nicaea the Armenian Saint Parthenius Hierarch Parthenius, bishop of Lampsacus one of several Patriarchs of Alexandria one of several Patriarchs of Constantinople the chief chamberlain of Domitian (died 96) a silver-chaser mentioned... In the Aeneid, Halys is a Trojan who defends Aeneas camp from a Rutullian attack. ...

Geography

The greater part of Paphlagonia is a rugged mountainous country, but it contains fertile valleys and produces a great abundance of hazelnuts and fruit – particularly plums, cherries and pears. The mountains are clothed with dense forests, conspicuous for the quantity of boxwood that they furnish. Hence, its coasts were occupied by Greeks from an early period. Among these, the flourishing city of Sinope, founded from Miletus about 630 BC, stood pre-eminent. Amastris, a few miles east of the Parthenius river, became important under the rule of the Macedonian monarchs; while Amisus, a colony of Sinope situated a short distance east of the Halys river (and therefore not strictly in Paphlagonia as defined by Strabo), grew to become almost a rival of its parent city. Sinop (from Hittite: Sinuwa, in Greek: Σινώπη/Sinope) is a city with a population of 47,000 on Boztepe cape and peninsula which is situated on the most northern edge of the Turkish side of Black Sea coast, in the ancient region of Paphlagonia, in modern-day northern Turkey, historically known... The lower half of the benches and the remnants of the scene building of the theater of Miletus (August 2005) Miletus (Carian: Anactoria Hittite: Milawata or Millawanda, Greek: Μίλητος transliterated Miletos, Turkish: Milet) was an ancient city on the western coast of Anatolia (in what is now Aydin Province, Turkey), near... Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 680s BC 670s BC 660s BC 650s BC 640s BC - 630s BC - 620s BC 610s BC 600s BC 590s BC 580s BC Events and Trends 637 BC - Josiah becomes king of Judah. ... Sunset in Amasra Amasra (pop. ... Statue of Atatürk who initiated the Turkish War of Independence in Samsun on May 19, 1919 Samsun is a city in northern Turkey, on the coast of the Black Sea, with a population of 439,000 as of 2006. ...

The most considerable towns of the interior were Gangra – in ancient times the capital of the Paphlagonian kings, afterwards called Germanicopolis, situated near the frontier of Galatia – and Pompeiopolis, in the valley of the Amnias river, near extensive mines of the mineral called by Strabo sandarake (red arsenic or arsenic sulfide), largely exported from Sinope. Çankiri (correct Turkish spelling Çankırı) is a town in Turkey, in Çankırı Province, about 140 km northeast of Ankara. ... Çankiri (correct Turkish spelling Çankırı) is a town in Turkey, in Çankırı Province, about 140 km northeast of Ankara. ... Pompeiopolis was a Roman city-state and a titular see in ancient Paphlagonia, situated today in the TaÅŸköprü district, Kastamonu, Turkey. ...

History

Although the Paphlagonians play scarcely any part in history, they were one of the most ancient nations of Anatolia (Iliad, ii. 851—857). This article is about two nested areas of Turkey, a plateau region within a peninsula. ...

In the times of the Hittites, it Paphlagonia had been inhabited by the Kashka people, whose exact ethnic relation to the Paphlagonians is uncertain. It seems perhaps that they were related to the people of the adjoining country, Cappadocia,^[clarify] who were speakers of one of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European languages. Their language would appear, from Strabo's testimony, to have been distinctive. Relief of Suppiluliuma II, last known king of the Hittite Empire The Hittites were an ancient people from Kaneš who spoke an Indo-European language, and established a kingdom centered at Hattusa (Hittite URU) in north-central Anatolia from the 18th century BC. In the 14th century BC, the Hittite... The Kaska (Kaška, also Kaskians or Gasgas) were a Bronze Age people of Anatolia, known from Hittite sources. ... The Anatolian languages are a group of extinct Indo-European languages, which were spoken in Asia Minor, the best attested of them being the Hittite language. ... For other uses, see Indo-European. ...

Paphlagonians were mentioned by Herodotus among the peoples conquered by Croesus, and they sent an important contingent to the army of Xerxes in 480 BC. Xenophon speaks of them as being governed by a prince of their own, without any reference to the neighboring satraps, a freedom perhaps due to the nature of their country, with its lofty mountain ranges and difficult passes. All these rulers appear to have borne the name Pylaimenes as a sign that they claimed descent from the chieftain of that name who figures in the Iliad as leader of the Paphlagonians. Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (ca. ... Croesus Croesus (IPA pronunciation: , CREE-sus) was the king of Lydia from 560/561 BC until his defeat by the Persians in about 547 BC. The English name Croesus come from the Latin transliteration of the Greek , in Arabic and Persian قارون, Qârun. ... Xerxes I of Persia (sometimes known as Xerxes the Great, in old Persian, 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠[2]) was a king of Persia (reigned 486–465 BC) of the Achaemenid dynasty. ... The Persian invasion of Greece in 480-479 BC May — King Xerxes I of Persia marches from Sardis and onto Thrace and Macedonia. ... Xenophon, Greek historian Xenophon (In Greek , ca. ... Look up satrap in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... title page of the Rihel edition of ca. ...

Under the Kingdom of Pontus

At a later period, Paphlagonia passed under the control of the Macedonian kings, and after the death of Alexander the Great, it was assigned, together with Cappadocia and Mysia, to Eumenes. However, it continued to be governed by native princes until it was absorbed by the encroaching power of Pontus. The rulers of that dynasty became masters of the greater part of Paphlagonia as early as the reign of Mithridates Ctistes (302–266 BC), but it was not until 183 BC that Pharnaces reduced the Greek city of Sinope under their control. From that time, the whole province was incorporated into the kingdom of Pontus until the fall of Mithridates (65 BC). For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ... For other uses, see Cappadocia (disambiguation). ... Mysia. ... Eumenes of Cardia (c. ... Traditional rural Pontic house A man in traditional clothes from Trabzon, illustration Pontus is the name which was applied, in ancient times, to extensive tracts of country in the northeast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) bordering on the Euxine (Black Sea), which was often called simply Pontos (the main), by... Mithridates I Ctistes (in Greek Mιθριδατης Kτιστης; reigned 302–266 BC) was the founder (this is the meaning of the word Ctistes) of the kingdom of Pontus in Anatolia. ... Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - Decades: 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 307 BC 306 BC 305 BC 304 BC 303 BC 302 BC 301 BC 300 BC 299 BC 298 BC Cassander becomes King of... Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC - 260s BC - 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 271 BC 270 BC 269 BC 268 BC 267 BC 266 BC - 265 BC 264 BC 263... Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC - 180s BC - 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC Years: 188 BC 187 BC 186 BC 185 BC 184 BC - 183 BC - 182 BC 181 BC... Pharnaces I (in Greek Φαρνακης; lived 2nd century BC), fifth king of Pontus, was the son of Mithridates III, who he succeeded on the throne. ... Sinop (from Hittite: Sinuwa, in Greek: Σινώπη/Sinope) is a city with a population of 47,000 on Ä°nce Burun (Ä°nceburun, Cape Ince), by its Cape Sinop (Sinop Burnu, Boztepe Cape, Boztepe Burnu [1]) which is situated on the most northern edge of the Turkish side of Black Sea coast, in... Traditional rural Pontic house A man in traditional clothes from Trabzon, illustration Pontus is the name which was applied, in ancient times, to extensive tracts of country in the northeast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) bordering on the Euxine (Black Sea), which was often called simply Pontos (the main), by... A silver coin depicting Mithradates VI of Pontus. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC - 60s BC - 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC Years: 70 BC 69 BC 68 BC 67 BC 66 BC 65 BC 64 BC 63 BC 62...

Roman Empire

Pompey united the coastal districts of Paphlagonia, along with the greater part of Pontus, with the Roman province of Bithynia, but left the interior of the country under the native princes, until the dynasty became extinct and the whole country was incorporated into the Roman Empire. The name was still retained by geographers, though its boundaries are not distinctly defined by the geographer Claudius Ptolemy. Paphlagonia reappeared as a separate province in the 5th century AD (Hierocles, Synecd. c. 33). For other meanings see Pompey (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... This article is about the geographer, mathematician and astronomer Ptolemy. ... (4th century - 5th century - 6th century _ other centuries) Events Rome sacked by Visigoths in 410. ...

Photo of a 15th Century map showing Paphlagonia.

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 883 KB) Picture of a map of the region of what is now Turkey from the 15th Century. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 883 KB) Picture of a map of the region of what is now Turkey from the 15th Century. ...

Notable people

• Theodora (9th century) wife of the Byzantine emperor Theophilus
• John Mauropous (11th century) Greek poet and author

Theodora depicted as ruler on this coin, with her son Michael, nominally emperor, and her daughter Thecla on the reverse. ... As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was the century that lasted from 801 to 900. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ...

External links

• Paphlagonia

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

v • d • e Provinces of the Achaemenid Empire (Behistun and Daiva inscriptions)
Persia · Elam · Babylonia · Media · Sacae · Yauna · Macedon · Pamphylia · Paphlagonia · Cappadocia · Caria · Lydia · Thrace · Armenia · Assyria · Cilicia · Taxila · Egypt · Gandara · Sattagydia · Gedrosia · Carmania · Maka · Drangiana · Arachosia · Bactria · Parthia · Aria · Chorasmia · Sogdia · Kush · Arabia · Hyrcania · Margu · Dahae · Libya Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... Founder of empires: Cyrus, The Great is still revered in modern Iran as he was in all the successor Persian Empires. ... The Behistun Inscription, carved into a cliffside, gives the same text in three languages, telling the story of King Darius conquests, with the names of twenty-three provinces subject to him. ... A div (earlier Persian dÄ“v, Middle Persian dÄ“w, Avestan daÄ“va) is an evil spirit in Persian mythology that loves to cause harm and destruction. ... Fārs (Persian: فارس) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... Elam (Persian: تمدن ایلام) is one of the oldest recorded civilizations. ... A cataphract-style parade armour of a Saka royal from the Issyk kurgan. ... Yauna (The old Persian name for Greeks derived from Iones, which the Greeks used to describe the Greeks living in Asia Minor) or Ionia, was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. ... Macedonia was briefly a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire. ... Pamphylia, in ancient geography, was the region in the south of Asia Minor, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean to Mount Taurus. ... Cappadocia (from Old Persian Katpatuka) was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire used by the Achaemenids to administer the regions beyond the Taurus and Euphrates. ... Location of Caria Photo of a 15th century map showing Caria. ... Lydia (known as Sparda by the Achaemenids) was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire, with Sardis as its capitol. ... Thrace was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. ... Persian Armenia, AD 387-591 Persian Armenia corresponds to the Armenian territory controlled by Persia throughout history. ... Cilicia was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, with its capitol at Tarsus. ... Taxila was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. ... The period of history in which Achaemenid Persia ruled over Egypt is divided into three parts: the first Persian domination, an interval of independence, and the second Persian domination. ... Gandhāra (Sanskrit: गन्धार, Persian; Gandara, Waihind) (Urdu: گندھارا) is the name of an ancient Indian Mahajanapada, currently in northern Pakistan (the North-West Frontier Province and parts of northern Punjab and Kashmir) and eastern Afghanistan. ... Sattagydia (Old Persian ThataguÅ¡, country of the hundred cows) was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, perhaps corresponding to the mountains between Iran and Pakistan. ... Gedrosia was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire, corresponding to modern Iranian Baluchistan. ... Carmania was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire as well as, later on, the Sassanid Empire. ... Maka was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire corresponding to modern day Oman. ... Drangiana (Old Persian: Zranka waterland) was a historical region of the Achaemenid Empire, now part of Afghanistan and Eastern Iran. ... Arachosia is the ancient name of an area that corresponds to the southern part of today s Afghanistan, around the city of Kandahar. ... Bactria was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. ... Parthia (Old Persian Parthava), before it became the Parthian Empire, was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire. ... This is the ancient Latin name (Greek name, Areia) for the area around Herat, in NW Afghanistan. ... Chorasmia (Old Persian Uvârazmiya) was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. ... Sogdiana, ca. ... Kush was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. ... Arabia was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire, corresponding to the lands between Egypt and Mesopotamia, known as Arabia Petraea. ... Gorgan (گرگان); Hyrcania ; Hyrcana (Old Persian Varkâna, land of wolves; modern Persian Gorgan): part of the ancient Persian empire, on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea (present day Golestan, Mazandaran, Gilan and parts of Turkmenistan). ... Margu (Greek Margiana) was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, mentioned in the Behistun inscriptions of ca. ... Ideograms for Ta-Hsia. ...
By district (Herodotus) District I · II · III · IV · V · VI · VII · VIII · IX · X · XI · XII · XIII · XIV · XV · XVI · XVII · XVIII · XIX · XX Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1676x869, 503 KB) Note : Inspired by Historical Atlas of Georges Duby (p. ... Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: HÄ“ródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (ca. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ... Herodotus had divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. ...