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Encyclopedia > Paralichthyidae
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Large-tooth flounders
Pacific sanddab, Citharichthys sordidus
Pacific sanddab, Citharichthys sordidus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Pleuronectiformes
Family: Paralichthyidae
Genera
Ancylopsetta
Cephalopsetta
Citharichthys
Cyclopsetta
Etropus
Gastropsetta
Hippoglossina
Paralichthys
Pseudorhombus
Syacium
Tarphops
Tephrinectes
Thysanopsetta
Xystreurys
See text for species.

Large-tooth flounders are a family, Paralichthyidae, of flounders.[1] They lie on the sea bed on their right side; both eyes are on the left side of the head. Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms (as opposed to folk taxonomy). ... Phyla Subregnum Parazoa Porifera (sponges) Subregnum Agnotozoa Placozoa (trichoplax) Orthonectida (orthonectids) Rhombozoa (dicyemids) Subregnum Eumetazoa Radiata (unranked) (radial symmetry) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cnidaria (coral, jellyfish, anemones) Bilateria (unranked) (bilateral symmetry) Acoelomorpha (basal) Orthonectida (parasitic to flatworms, echinoderms, etc. ... Typical Classes Subphylum Urochordata - Tunicatas Ascidiacea Thaliacea Larvacea Subphylum Cephalochordata - Lancelets Subphylum Myxini - Hagfishes Subphylum Vertebrata - Vertebrates Petromyzontida - Lampreys Placodermi (extinct) Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes Acanthodii (extinct) Actinopterygii - Ray-finned fishes Actinistia - Coelacanths Dipnoi - Lungfishes Amphibia - Amphibians Reptilia - Reptiles Aves - Birds Mammalia - Mammals Chordates (phylum Chordata) include the vertebrates, together with... Orders See text The Actinopterygii are the ray-finned fish. ... Families Suborder Psettodoidei     Psettodoidae Suborder Pleuronectoidei     Citharidae     Scophthalmidae     Bothidae (lefteye flounders)     Pleuronectidae (righteye flounders)     Paralichthyidae     Achiropsettidae (southern flounders)     Samaridae Suborder Soleoidei     Soleidae (soles)     Achiridae (American soles)     Cynoglossidae (tonguefishes) The flatfish are an order (Pleuronectiformes) of ray-finned fish, also called the Heterosomata, sometimes classified as a suborder of Perciformes. ... Winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus Flounder are flatfish that live in ocean waters in Northern European waters and along the east coast of the United States and Canada, as well as the western Pacific (Japan). ...


They are found in temperate and tropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one_fifth of its surface. ...


Several species are important commercial and game fishes, notably the California halibut, Paralichthys californicus and the Pacific sanddab, Citharichthys sordidus. This is a 36 pound California Halibut caught in April 2005 by Ryan Lambert. ...


Species

There are 115 species in 14 genera:[1][2]

  • Genus Ancylopsetta
    • Ancylopsetta antillarum Gutherz, 1966.
    • Cyclope flounder, Ancylopsetta cycloidea Tyler, 1959.
    • Three-spot flounder, Ancylopsetta dendritica Gilbert, 1890.
    • Three-eye flounder, Ancylopsetta dilecta (Goode & Bean, 1883).
      Three-eye flounder, Ancylopsetta dilecta
      Enlarge
      Three-eye flounder, Ancylopsetta dilecta
    • Foureyed flounder, Ancylopsetta kumperae Tyler, 1959.
    • Ancylopsetta microctenus Gutherz, 1966.
    • Gulf of Mexico ocellated flounder, Ancylopsetta ommata (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883).
  • Genus Cephalopsetta
    • Cephalopsetta ventrocellatus Dutt & Rao, 1965.
  • Genus Citharichthys
    • Veracruz whiff, Citharichthys abbotti Dawson, 1969.
    • Citharichthys amblybregmatus Gutherz & Blackman, 1970.
    • Gulf Stream flounder, Citharichthys arctifrons Goode, 1880.
      Gulf Stream flounder, Citharichthys arctifrons
      Enlarge
      Gulf Stream flounder, Citharichthys arctifrons
    • Sand whiff, Citharichthys arenaceus Evermann & Marsh, 1900.
    • Horned whiff, Citharichthys cornutus (Günther, 1880).
    • Spined whiff, Citharichthys dinoceros Goode & Bean, 1886.
    • Gulf sanddab, Citharichthys fragilis Gilbert, 1890.
    • Bigmouth sanddab, Citharichthys gilberti Jenkins & Evermann, 1889.
    • Citharichthys gnathus Hoshino & Amaoka, 1999.
    • Mimic sandab, Citharichthys gordae Beebe & Tee-Van, 1938.
    • Anglefin whiff, Citharichthys gymnorhinus Gutherz & Blackman, 1970.
    • Spotted whiff, Citharichthys macrops Dresel, 1885.
    • Five-rayed sanddab, Citharichthys mariajorisae van der Heiden & Mussot-Pérez, 1995.
    • Citharichthys minutus Cervigón, 1982.
    • Small sandab, Citharichthys platophrys Gilbert, 1891.
    • Pacific sanddab, Citharichthys sordidus (Girard, 1854).
    • Bay whiff, Citharichthys spilopterus Günther, 1862.
      Bay whiff, Citharichthys spilopterus
      Enlarge
      Bay whiff, Citharichthys spilopterus
    • Smooth flounder, Citharichthys stampflii (Steindachner, 1894).
    • Speckled sanddab, Citharichthys stigmaeus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882.
    • Citharichthys surinamensis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).
    • Voodoo whiff, Citharichthys uhleri Jordan, 1889.
    • Citharichthys valdezi Cervigón, 1986.
    • Longfin sanddab, Citharichthys xanthostigma Gilbert, 1890.
  • Genus Cyclopsetta
    • Mexican flounder, Cyclopsetta chittendeni Bean, 1895.
    • Cyclopsetta decussata Gunter, 1946.
    • Spotfin flounder, Cyclopsetta fimbriata (Goode & Bean, 1885).
      Spotfin flounder, Cyclopsetta fimbriata
      Enlarge
      Spotfin flounder, Cyclopsetta fimbriata
    • God's flounder, Cyclopsetta panamensis (Steindachner, 1876).
    • Toothed flounder, Cyclopsetta querna (Jordan & Bollman, 1890).
  • Genus Etropus
    • Fringed flounder, Etropus crossotus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882.
    • Shelf flounder, Etropus cyclosquamus Leslie & Stewart, 1986.
    • Etropus delsmani delsmani Chabanaud, 1940.
    • Delsman's flounder, Etropus delsmani pacificus Nielsen, 1963.
    • Sole flounder, Etropus ectenes Jordan, 1889.
    • Etropus intermedius Norman, 1933.
    • Etropus longimanus Norman, 1933.
    • Smallmouth flounder, Etropus microstomus (Gill, 1864).
    • Peruvian flounder, Etropus peruvianus Hildebrand, 1946.
    • Gray flounder, Etropus rimosus Goode & Bean, 1885.
      Gray flounder, Etropus rimosus
      Enlarge
      Gray flounder, Etropus rimosus
  • Genus Gastropsetta
    • Shrimp flounder, Gastropsetta frontalis Bean, 1895.
  • Genus Hippoglossina
    • Spotted flounder, Hippoglossina bollmani Gilbert, 1890.
    • Bigeye flounder, Hippoglossina macrops (Dresel, 1885).
    • Hippoglossina montemaris de Buen, 1961.
    • Hippoglossina mystacium Ginsburg, 1936.
    • American fourspot flounder, Hippoglossina oblonga (Mitchill, 1815).
    • Bigmouth flounder, Hippoglossina stomata Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890.
    • Fourspot flounder, Hippoglossina tetrophthalma (Gilbert, 1890).
  • Genus Paralichthys
    • Fine flounder, Paralichthys adspersus (Steindachner, 1867).
    • Cortez flounder, Paralichthys aestuarius Gilbert & Scofield, 1898.
    • Gulf flounder, Paralichthys albigutta Jordan & Gilbert, 1882.
    • Brazilian flounder, Paralichthys brasiliensis (Ranzani, 1842).
    • California halibut, Paralichthys californicus (Ayres, 1859).
    • Paralichthys coeruleosticta Steindachner, 1898.
    • Paralichthys delfini Pequeño & Plaza, 1987.
    • Summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus, 1766).
    • Paralichthys fernandezianus Steindachner, 1903.
    • Paralichthys hilgendorfii Steindachner, 1903.
    • Paralichthys isosceles Jordan, 1891.
    • Southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gilbert, 1884.
    • Paralichthys microps (Günther, 1881).
    • Bastard halibut, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).
    • Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1842).
    • Patagonian flounder, Paralichthys patagonicus Jordan, 1889.
    • Paralichthys schmitti Ginsburg, 1933.
    • Broad flounder, Paralichthys squamilentus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882.
    • Paralichthys triocellatus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903.
    • Tropical flounder, Paralichthys tropicus Ginsburg, 1933.
    • Speckled flounder, Paralichthys woolmani Jordan & Williams, 1897.
  • Genus Pseudorhombus
    • Ringed flounder, Pseudorhombus annulatus Norman, 1927.
    • Peacock flounder, Pseudorhombus argus Weber, 1913.
    • Largetooth flounder, Pseudorhombus arsius (Hamilton, 1822).
    • Pseudorhombus binii Tortonese, 1955.
    • Cinnamon flounder, Pseudorhombus cinnamoneus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).
    • Pseudorhombus ctenosquamis (Oshima, 1927).
    • Four twin-spot flounder, Pseudorhombus diplospilus Norman, 1926.
    • Ocellated flounder, Pseudorhombus dupliciocellatus Regan, 1905.
    • Deep flounder, Pseudorhombus elevatus Ogilby, 1912.
    • Javan flounder, Pseudorhombus javanicus (Bleeker, 1853).
    • Small-toothed flounder, Pseudorhombus jenynsii (Bleeker, 1855).
    • Pseudorhombus levisquamis (Oshima, 1927).
    • Malayan flounder, Pseudorhombus malayanus Bleeker, 1865.
    • Pseudorhombus megalops Fowler, 1934.
    • Pseudorhombus micrognathus Norman, 1927.
    • Natal flounders, Pseudorhombus natalensis Gilchrist, 1904.
    • Pseudorhombus neglectus Bleeker, 1865.
    • Pseudorhombus oculocirris Amaoka, 1969.
    • Roughscale flounder, Pseudorhombus oligodon (Bleeker, 1854).
    • Fivespot flounder, Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus Günther, 1862.
    • Pseudorhombus polyspilos (Bleeker, 1853).
    • Five-eyed flounder, Pseudorhombus quinquocellatus Weber & de Beaufort, 1929.
    • Pseudorhombus russellii (Gray, 1834).
    • Spiny flounder, Pseudorhombus spinosus McCulloch, 1914.
    • Pseudorhombus tenuirastrum (Waite, 1899).
    • Three spotted flounder, Pseudorhombus triocellatus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903).
  • Genus Syacium
    • Syacium guineensis (Bleeker, 1862).
    • Shoal flounder, Syacium gunteri Ginsburg, 1933.
    • Beach flounder, Syacium latifrons (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882).
    • Longfin flounder, Syacium longidorsale Murakami & Amaoka, 1992.
    • Clearspot flounder, Syacium maculiferum (Garman, 1899).
    • Channel flounder, Syacium micrurum Ranzani, 1842.
    • Oval flounder, Syacium ovale (Günther, 1864).
    • Dusky flounder, Syacium papillosum (Linnaeus, 1758).
      Dusky flounder, Syacium papillosum
      Enlarge
      Dusky flounder, Syacium papillosum
  • Genus Tarphops
    • Tarphops elegans Amaoka, 1969.
    • Tarphops oligolepis (Bleeker, 1858–1859).
  • Genus Tephrinectes
  • Genus Thysanopsetta
  • Genus Xystreurys
    • Fantail flounder, Xystreurys liolepis Jordan & Gilbert, 1880.
    • Xystreurys rasile (Jordan, 1891).

G. Brown Goode George Brown Goode (13 February 1851 - 6 September 1896), was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. ... Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania. ... G. Brown Goode George Brown Goode (13 February 1851 - 6 September 1896), was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. ... Albrecht Carl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther. ... G. Brown Goode George Brown Goode (13 February 1851 - 6 September 1896), was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. ... Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania. ... William Beebe (July 29, 1877 – June 4, 1962), American naturalist, explorer, and author. ... Charles Frédéric Girard (March 8, 1822 - January 29, 1895) was a French biologist specializing on ichthyology and herpetology. ... Albrecht Carl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther. ... Franz Steindachner (November 11, 1834 - December 10, 1919) was an Austrian zoologist. ... Marcus Elieser Bloch (1723 - 1799) was a German medical doctor and naturalist. ... Johann Gottlob Schneider (January 18, 1750 - January 12, 1822), German classical scholar and naturalist, was born at Koilmen in Saxony. ... Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania. ... G. Brown Goode George Brown Goode (13 February 1851 - 6 September 1896), was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. ... Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania. ... Franz Steindachner (November 11, 1834 - December 10, 1919) was an Austrian zoologist. ... Theodore Nicholas Gill (1837 - 1914) was an American ichthyologist. ... G. Brown Goode George Brown Goode (13 February 1851 - 6 September 1896), was an ichthyologist, although most of his time was spent as a museum administrator and he was very interested in the history of science, especially the history of the development of science in America. ... Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania. ... Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916) was an American ichthyologist, born at Bainbridge, Pennsylvania. ... Franz Steindachner (November 11, 1834 - December 10, 1919) was an Austrian zoologist. ... This is a 36 pound California Halibut caught in April 2005 by Ryan Lambert. ... Franz Steindachner (November 11, 1834 - December 10, 1919) was an Austrian zoologist. ... Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as , (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[1] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... Franz Steindachner (November 11, 1834 - December 10, 1919) was an Austrian zoologist. ... Franz Steindachner (November 11, 1834 - December 10, 1919) was an Austrian zoologist. ... Albrecht Carl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther. ... Coenraad Jacob Temminck (March 31, 1778 - January 30, 1858) was a Dutch aristocrat and zoologist. ... Hermann Schlegel. ... Achille Valenciennes (August 9, 1794 - April 13, 1865) was a French zoologist. ... Coenraad Jacob Temminck (March 31, 1778 - January 30, 1858) was a Dutch aristocrat and zoologist. ... Hermann Schlegel. ... Charles Tate Regan (February 1878 - 13 January 1943) was a British ichthyologist, working mainly around the beginning of the 20th century. ... William Ogilby (1808 - 1873) was an Irish barrister and naturalist. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Albrecht Carl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... John Edward Gray. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Samuel Garman (1846- 1927) was a naturalist/ zoologist from Pennsylvania. ... Albrecht Carl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther. ... Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as , (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[1] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... Pieter Bleeker (1819 - 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia. ... Lacépède Bernard Germain Étienne de la Ville, Comte de Lacépède (December 26, 1756 – October 6, 1825) was a French naturalist. ... Albrecht Carl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther. ...

References

  1. ^ a b "Paralichthyidae". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. February 2006 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2006.
  2. ^ Paralichthyidae (TSN 172714). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Accessed on 2 April [[{{{year}}}]].

 

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