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Encyclopedia > Parametric statistics

Parametric inferential statistical methods are mathematical procedures for statistical hypothesis testing which assume that the distributions of the variables being assessed belong to known parametrized families of probability distributions. Analysis of variance assumes that the underlying distributions are normally distributed and that the variances of the distributions being compared are similar. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient assumes normality.


While parametric techniques are robust – that is, they often retain considerable power to detect differences or similarities even when these assumptions are violated – some distributions violate the assumptions so markedly that a non-parametric alternative is more likely to detect a difference or similarity.


  Results from FactBites:
 
RESEARCH FORUM--Nonparametric Statistics: Methods for Analyzing Data Not Meeting Assumptions Required for the ... (5206 words)
Parametric statistics use mean values, standard deviation and variance to estimate differences between measurements that characterize particular populations.
In statistics, robustness is the degree to which a test can stray from the assumptions before changing the confidence you have in the result of the statistical test you have used.
As is the case with all statistical tests of differences, the researcher must interpret parametric statistical conclusions based on ordinal data in light of their clinical or practical implications.
Courses (2551 words)
Statistical procedures valid under unrestrictive assumptions; sign test; confidence intervals; efficiency comparisons; signed rank procedures; Walsh sums; point estimators; two sample rank tests; zeros, ties, and other problems of discrete data; order statistics; Winsorized and truncated point estimators and connection with gross error models; permutation procedures; combinatorial problems, and computer applications.
Statistical function estimation and classification; reproducing kernel machines, support vector machines; high dimensional model selection and estimation; Bayesian, empirical Bayesian interpretation of nonparametric learning methods; log density ANOVA and graphical models; tree ensemble methods including bagging, boosting, and random forest.
Statistical and approximation theoretic methods of estimating functions and values of functionals from experimental data; experimental design and data analysis problems that arise as problems in approximation theory; convergence theorems; ill-posed inverse problems; Banach and Hilbert space penalty functionals.
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