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The Paris Institute of Political Studies (French: Institut d'études politiques de Paris), often referred to as Sciences-Po (pronounced see-ahns po), is a Grand Établissement in Paris, France. Image File history File links Images-5. ...
1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...
We dont have an article called Richard Descoings Start this article Search for Richard Descoings in. ...
The National Foundation of Political Science (French: Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques), or FNSP, was created by ordinance of General de Gaulle in 1945 to manage the transition of Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques into Institut dEtudes Politiques de Paris or IEP Paris (Paris Institute of Political Studies) The...
A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large city and its adjacent zone of influence, or of several neighboring cities or towns and adjoining areas, with one or more large cities serving as its hub or hubs. ...
The Eiffel Tower, the international symbol of the city, with the skyscrapers of La Défense business district 5 km/ 3 mi behind. ...
The grands établissements (Great Establishments) are French public institutions under ministerial charter within the Ministry of National Education, Advanced Instruction, and Research. ...
Amba was the eldest daughter of King of Kashi. ...
The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) - is the USA based body which awards accreditation following a review of the quality of Scotts site can be found at Degree programmes delivered by Management Schools. ...
The European University Association (EUA) is the main voice of the higher education community in Europe. ...
The grands établissements (Great Establishments) are French public institutions under ministerial charter within the Ministry of National Education, Advanced Instruction, and Research. ...
The Eiffel Tower, the international symbol of the city, with the skyscrapers of La Défense business district 5 km/ 3 mi behind. ...
Sciences-Po was founded in February 1872 as École libre des sciences-politiques (ELSP) by a group of French intellectuals, politicians, and businessmen. ELSP was meant to serve as “the breeding ground where nearly all the major, non-technical state commissioners were trained.” [1] On 9 October 1945, Charles de Gaulle nationalized the ELSP. The school was split into a teaching entity, Paris Institute of Political Studies, (French: Institut d'études politiques de Paris, IEP) and a research and administrative body, National Foundation of Political Science (France) (French: Fondation nationale des sciences-politiques, FNSP). Both entities are referred to as Sciences-Po, and were tasked by the French government to ensure “the progress and the diffusion, both within and outside France, of political science, economics, and sociology”[2] 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ...
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( ) (22 November 1890 - 9 November 1970), in France commonly referred to as le général de Gaulle, was a French military leader and statesman. ...
The National Foundation of Political Science (French: Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques), or FNSP, was created by ordinance of Charles de Gaulle in 1945 to manage the transition of École Libre des Sciences Politiques into Institut dEtudes Politiques de Paris or IEP Paris (Paris Institute of Political Studies) The...
Sciences-Po is comprised of a series of 17th and 18th century mansions located on and around rue Saint-Guillaume in the VIIe arrondissement of the Left Bank. Its main campus is just off the Seine River, and within walking distance of Notre Dame de Paris, Panthéon, and Assemblée Nationale. The 7e arrondissement is one of the 20 arrondissements of Paris, France. ...
The left bank of a river is the bank on the left when looking in the direction of flow towards the sea. ...
This article is about the river in France; it should not be confused with the Senne, a much smaller river that flows through Brussels. ...
Notre Dame de Paris, Western Façade. ...
The Panthéon The Panthéon is a building in the Latin Quarter in Paris, France. ...
The Palais Bourbon, front The French National Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale) is one of the two houses of the bicameral Parliament of France under the Fifth Republic. ...
History of Sciences-Po The name Sciences-Po refers to three distinct, yet complementary institutions: - École libre des sciences-politiques (ELSP), which was replaced in 1945 by
The Institut détudes politiques de Paris (Paris institute for political studies), familiarly known as Sciences Po, is Frances premier institute for the study and research of politics, international relations, and other related subjects. ...
1872-1945 Sciences-Po was established in February 1872 as the ELSP by a group of French intellectuals, politicians and businessmen led by Emile Boutmy, and including Hippolyte Taine, Ernest Renan, Albert Sorel, Paul Leroy Beaulieu, and François Guizot. Following defeat in the 1870 war, the demise of Napoleon III, and the Paris Commune, these men sought to reform the training of French politicians. Politically and economically, people feared France's international stature was waning due to inadequate teaching of its political and diplomatic corps. 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...
Portrait of Hippolyte Taine on French postage stamp of 1966 Hippolyte Adolphe Taine (April 21, 1828 - March 5, 1893) was a French critic and historian. ...
Ernest Renan (February 28, 1823 – October 12, 1892) was a French philosopher and writer. ...
Albert Sorel (August 13, 1842 - June 29, 1906), was a French historian. ...
François Pierre Guillaume Guizot (October 4, 1787 -September 12, 1874) was a French historian, orator and statesman. ...
1870 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (April 20, 1808 - January 9, 1873) was the son of King Louis Bonaparte and Queen Hortense de Beauharnais; both monarchs of the French puppet state, the Kingdom of Holland. ...
Le Père Duchesne face to the statue of Napoleon I on top of the Vendome column: Eh ben ! bougre de canaille, on va donc te foutre en bas comme ta crapule de neveu !… (Here! savage rascal, we will put you down just as your crook of a nephew!… The...
ELSP developed a humanistic and pragmatic teaching program: instructors included academics as well as ministers, high civil servants, and businessmen. New discipines such as International Relations, International Law, Political Economy and Comparative Government were introduced. In August 1894, the British Association for the Advancement of Science spoke out for the need to advance the study of politics along the lines of ELSP. Sidney and Beatrice Webb used the purpose and curriculum of Sciences-Po as part of their inspiration for creating the London School of Economics in 1895.[3] Humanism is a system of thought that defines a socio-political doctrine (-ism) whose bounds exceed those of locally developed cultures, to include all of humanity and all issues common to human beings. ...
International Relations (IR), a branch of political science, is the study of foreign affairs of and relations among states within the international system, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational corporations (MNCs). ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Political economy was the original term for the study of production, the acts of buying and selling, and their relationships to laws, customs and government. ...
Comparative government or more correctly comparative politics is the field in political science that focuses on comparing the varying forms of government in the world, and the states they govern, though it may also compare governments across different periods of history. ...
The British Association or the British Association for the Advancement of Science or the BA is a learned society with the object of promoting science, directing general attention to scientific matters, and facilitating intercourse between scientific workers. ...
Categories: UK Labour Party politicians | British MPs | Peers | Secretaries of State for the Colonies (UK) | 1859 births | 1947 deaths | People stubs ...
Beatrice Webb Martha Beatrice Potter Webb (January 2, 1858 - April 30, 1943) (also called Beatrice Webb) was a British socialist, economist and reformer, usually referred to in the same breath as her husband, Sidney Webb. ...
The London School of Economics and Political Science, often referred to as the London School of Economics or simply the LSE, is a specialist university and a constituent college of the federal University of London, located on Houghton Street in Central London, off the Aldwych and next to the Royal...
Image File history File links Sciences_Po_in_1960s. ...
Image File history File links Sciences_Po_in_1960s. ...
The situation since 1945 As per ordinance 45-2284, issued by Charles de Gaulle on 9 October 1945, two entities were created from ELSP: National Foundation of Political Science (France) (French: Fondation nationale des sciences-politiques) or FNSP and Paris Institute of Political Studies (French: Institut d'études politiques de Paris) or IEP Paris.[4] The epithet Sciences-Po was applied to both entities, which inherited the reputation previously vested in ELSP.[5] Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( ) (22 November 1890 - 9 November 1970), in France commonly referred to as le général de Gaulle, was a French military leader and statesman. ...
1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ...
The National Foundation of Political Science (French: Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques), or FNSP, was created by ordinance of Charles de Gaulle in 1945 to manage the transition of École Libre des Sciences Politiques into Institut dEtudes Politiques de Paris or IEP Paris (Paris Institute of Political Studies) The...
France's Legislature entrusted FNSP with managing IEP Paris, its library, and budget, and an administrative council assured the development of these activities.
The curriculum and methodology of the ELSP were also the template for creating an entire system of institutes of political studies (French: Institut d'études politiques) across France. The Institut détudes politiques de Paris (Paris institute for political studies), familiarly known as Sciences Po, is Frances premier institute for the study and research of politics, international relations, and other related subjects. ...
FNSP further strengthened its role as a scientific publication center with significant donations from the Rockefeller Center. FNSP periodicals such as la Revue française de science politique, le Bulletin analytique de documentation, la Chronologie politique africaine, and the Cahiers de la Fondation as well as its seven research centres and main publishing house, Presses de Sciences-Po, contribute to the notoriety attained by Sciences-Po research.[6] Lower Plaza at Rockefeller Center. ...
Recent Reforms
 Sciences Po's garden, between the rue Saint-Guillaume and the rue des Saints-Pères. Sciences-Po has undergone myriad reforms under Richard Descoings, Director of Sciences-Po (1997-present). Sciences-Po has introduced a compulsory year abroad component to its undergraduate degree, and now offers a multilingual curriculum in French, English, and other languages. New educational sites have been set up in Nancy, Dijon, Poitiers, and Menton. Sciences-Po also set the length of its undergradate program to three years and its graduate program to two years in line with the Bologna Process. Image File history File linksMetadata Scpo_jardin. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Scpo_jardin. ...
We dont have an article called Richard Descoings Start this article Search for Richard Descoings in. ...
1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
Location within France Nancy (pronounced in French) (German: Nanzig) is a city and commune which is the préfecture (capital) of the Meurthe-et-Moselle département, in the Lorraine région of northeastern France. ...
Location within France Street in the centre of Dijon Arc de triomphe known as the Porte Guillaume, on Place Darcy in the centre of Dijon Dijon and suburbs Dijon ( (help· info)) is a city in eastern France, the préfecture (administrative capital) of the Côte-dOr département...
Location within France Poitiers (population 85,000) is a small city located in west central France. ...
Menton (Italian, Mentone) is a town and commune in the Alpes-Maritimes département of the Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur région of France. ...
Sciences-Po also implemented reforms in its admissions process. Previously, Sciences-Po recruited its students almost exclusively from elite schools (mostly state-funded) in France, but in March 2001, the school's governing council widened its admissions policy.[7] From September 2002, Sciences-Po began accepting a small batch of students from economically depressed suburbs of Paris on the basis of their school record and a 45-minute interview, rather than the name-blind examination all other students must pass to be admitted. The reform is intended to broaden the socio-economic characteristics of Sciences-Po student-body, and gained national and international media attention for being the first affirmative action experience in France, though it remains highly controversial. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Teaching
Method of Instruction Sciences-Po's curriculum focuses on the full-range of the social sciences, including public policy, international relations, contemporary (modern) history, economics, finance, geography, constitutional and administrative law, philosophy, management, and sociology. Students are given the opportunity to specialize in a social science discipline in their final two years of the five-year program, which leads to the Diplôme de Sciences-Po. Instruction is provided by a staff of around 1,400 teachers, a majority of whom are practitioners in their respective fields. Most recently, instructors included Dominique de Villepin, Pascal Lamy, Hubert Védrine, and Dominique Strauss-Kahn. These instructors are anchored by around 800 tenured professors. As of 2004, approximately one third of the student body was foreign. The social sciences are a group of academic disciplines that study the human aspects of the world. ...
Public policy is a policy or set of policies which forms the foundation of public law. ...
International Relations (IR), a branch of political science, is the study of foreign affairs of and relations among states within the international system, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational corporations (MNCs). ...
For other senses of this word, see history (disambiguation). ...
Buyers bargain for good prices while sellers put forth their best front in Chichicastenango Market, Guatemala. ...
Finance studies and addresses the ways in which individuals, businesses and organizations raise, allocate and use monetary resources over time, taking into account the risks entailed in their projects. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The Philosopher (detail), by Rembrandt Philosophy is a field of study that includes diverse subfields such as aesthetics, epistemology, ethics, logic, and metaphysics, in which people ask questions such as whether God exists, whether knowledge is possible, and what makes actions right or wrong. ...
Management (from Old French ménagement the art of conducting, directing, from Latin manu agere to lead by the hand) characterises the process of leading and directing all or part of an organization, often a business, through the deployment and manipulation of resources (human, financial, material, intellectual or intangible). ...
Social interactions of people and their consequences are the subject of sociology studies. ...
Dominique Marie François René Galouzeau de Villepin (born 14 November 1953 in Rabat, Morocco) simply known as Dominique de Villepin ( — , is a French diplomat and politician. ...
Pascal Lamy Pascal Lamy (born 8 April 1947) is the director-general of the World Trade Organization, a French political advisor, a businessman, and a former European Commissioner for Trade. ...
Hubert Védrine and Ben Ali Hubert Védrine (born July 31, 1947) is a French Socialist politician, who served as Foreign Minister in the government of Lionel Jospin from 1997 to 2002. ...
Dominique Strauss-Kahn (born 25 April 1949 in Neuilly-sur-Seine; often known as DSK) is a French politician, member of the French Socialist Party. ...
Language policy In recent years Sciences Po adopted a multi-lingual education policy: graduation candidates are expected to be proficient in two foreign languages. Some classes are provided in languages others than French (English, Spanish, German, Italian). Currently, a good knowledge of French is requested for admission. However, Sciences Po is considering to introduce programs taught fully in English, in order to be competitive at the world stage. Wiktionary has related dictionary definitions, such as: English, english The language of English started in Europe and came to the US with the British immigrants. ...
Research FNSP manages the research faculty and facilities of Sciences-Po, and is one of the largest social sciences research bodies in Europe. FNSP manages research centres, a doctoral school, a library and a publishing house. The social sciences are a group of academic disciplines that study the human aspects of the world. ...
Research centres The FNSP manages eight research centres (*five jointly with CNRS). The foundation of Sciences-Po predates by a few decades the creation of political science, as such the Institute focuses on all the social sciences that study the political field. The Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) is one of the most prominent scientific research institutions in France. ...
Political science is a social science discipline that deals with the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior. ...
- social sciences
- history : Centre d’histoire de Sciences-Po
- sociology :
- OSC (Observatoire sociologique du changement)*
- CSO (Centre de Sociologie des organisations)*
- Economics, including economic policy
- GEM (Groupe d'économie mondiale)
- OFCE (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques)
- Branches of political science
- international relations
- CERI (Centre d’études et de recherches internationales)*
- politics in France and Europe
- CEVIPOF (Centre d’étude de la vie politique française)*
- OIP (Observatoire interrégional du politique)*
The social sciences are a group of academic disciplines that study the human aspects of the world. ...
For other senses of this word, see history (disambiguation). ...
Social interactions of people and their consequences are the subject of sociology studies. ...
Buyers bargain for good prices while sellers put forth their best front in Chichicastenango Market, Guatemala. ...
Economic policy refers to the actions that governments take in the economic field. ...
Political science is a social science discipline that deals with the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior. ...
International Relations (IR), a branch of political science, is the study of foreign affairs of and relations among states within the international system, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational corporations (MNCs). ...
Politics, sometimes defined as the art and science of government[1], is a process by which collective decisions are made within groups. ...
Doctoral School The Doctoral School is headed by Marc Lazar and includes 175 faculty members and 600 doctoral students. Marc Lazar is a professor at the Institut dÉtudes Politiques (Institute for Political Studies) of Paris and director of the Doctoral School of Political Science. ...
Library (Bibliothèque de Sciences-Po) Founded in 1871, the nucleus of the school’s research is Bibliothèque de Sciences-Po, which houses a million-volume collection of works in the social sciences. The Bibliothèque is also the hub of the Documentary Service which maintains 16,000 press dossiers on a wide range of sub-topics, and which each years abstracts and indexes some 21,000 articles from 9,500 periodicals each year.[8] In 1982, the National Ministry of Education made the Bibliothèque the Centre for Acquisition and Dissemination of Scientific and Technical Information in the field of political science, and since 1994, it has been the antenna associated with Bibliothèque Nationale de France.[9] Bibliothèque de Sciences-Po is also the main French partner in the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, which is based at the London School of Economics.[10] 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
The social sciences are a group of academic disciplines that study the human aspects of the world. ...
1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Political science is a social science discipline that deals with the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior. ...
1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ...
The new buildings of the library. ...
The London School of Economics and Political Science, often referred to as the London School of Economics or simply the LSE, is a specialist university and a constituent college of the federal University of London, located on Houghton Street in Central London, off the Aldwych and next to the Royal...
Publishing House Presses de Sciences-Po is the publishing house of Sciences-Po. It publishes academic works related to the social sciences, and is the leading French publisher in the fields of public policy, international relations, political history, French government, and economics.[11] It publishes 6 French academic journals in the social sciences, and has 900 titles in its catalogue, with 30 new titles added annually. The social sciences are a group of academic disciplines that study the human aspects of the world. ...
Public policy is a policy or set of policies which forms the foundation of public law. ...
International Relations (IR), a branch of political science, is the study of foreign affairs of and relations among states within the international system, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational corporations (MNCs). ...
Political history is what most people refer to simply as history. ...
This article is about the political and administrative structures of the French government. ...
Buyers bargain for good prices while sellers put forth their best front in Chichicastenango Market, Guatemala. ...
Global Public Policy Network Sciences-Po offers dual master’s degrees with the London School of Economics and the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University. This collaboration has existed since the early 1990s, but was formalized in September 2005 with the official launch of the Global Public Policy Network in Beijing, China. The partnership is meant to foster greater academic collaboration between students, faculty, and research centers of three leading public policy schools in what could arguably be termed the three world capital cities.[12] The network is further intended to facilitate collaboration on public policy research, student and faculty exchanges, and international conferences and fora with policymakers from the USA, UK, and France. This alliance has produced five degree programs with LSE, including masters degrees in International Relations, Negotiation, International Political Economy, Public Affairs, the Practice of International Affairs, and Urban Policy and two degree programs with Columbia, specifically a Masters of International Affairs and a Masters of Public Affairs.[13] The London School of Economics and Political Science, often referred to as the London School of Economics or simply the LSE, is a specialist university and a constituent college of the federal University of London, located on Houghton Street in Central London, off the Aldwych and next to the Royal...
The School of International and Public Affairs of Columbia University is one of the most prestigious schools of international affairs in the United States. ...
Columbia University is a private university in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City and a member of the Ivy League. ...
Beijing (Chinese: 北京; ; IPA: ), a city in northern China (formerly spelled in English as Peking or Peiking), is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ...
International Relations (IR), a branch of political science, is the study of foreign affairs of and relations among states within the international system, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational corporations (MNCs). ...
Negotiation is the process whereby interested parties resolve disputes, agree upon courses of action, bargain for individual or collective advantage, and/or attempt to craft outcomes which serve their mutual interests. ...
International political economy (IPE) is a perspective in the social sciences and history that analyzes international relations in combination with political economy. ...
Public affairs is a catch-all term that includes public policy as well as public administration, both of which are closely related to and draw upon the fields of political science as well as economics. ...
Notable Faculty & Alumni - See List of Sciences-Po People
Sciences-Po alumni and former staff include twenty-eight heads of state or government, specifically three past or present French presidents, thirteen past or present French prime ministers, twelve past or present foreign heads of state or government, and a former United Nations Secretary-General. Nearly every French politician or diplomat has attended Sciences-Po since its inception; however the school has also educated fourteen current CEO's of France's forty largest companies. Graduates of Sciences-Po are usually referred to as Sciences-Po but may be referred to as sciences-potistes or sciences-potiches. Some French students further their studies at École nationale d'administration (ENA), which is often viewed as the compulsory educational step before serving in French politics or diplomacy. The École nationale dadministration (generally known as ENA) is the school where many of France senior officials are instructed. ...
Notes - ↑ “Sciences-Po 1945-1979” Centre d’histoire de Sciences-Po
- ↑ “Sciences-Po 1945-1979” Centre d’histoire de Sciences-Po
- ↑ “Sciences-Po 1945-1979” Centre d’histoire de Sciences-Po
- ↑ "LSE: A History of the London School of Economics and Political Science, 1895-1995", Oxford University Press, June 1, 1995.
- ↑ "Consolidation de L'autonomie de Sciences-Po" Sénat, 1996.
- ↑ "Le statut juridique de Sciences-Po: la dualité FNSP et IEP de Paris" Centre d’histoire de Sciences-Po
- ↑ “Sciences-Po Paris Overview: Introducing Sciences-Po” Sciences-Po Website, 2001.
- ↑ “Sciences-Po Paris Overview: Introducing Sciences-Po” Sciences-Po Website, 2001.
- ↑ “Sciences-Po Paris Overview: Introducing Sciences-Po” Sciences-Po Website, 2001.
- ↑ "IBSS Boosts Coverage of French Social Science Journals", IBSS, 2005.
- ↑ "Presses de Sciences-Po", Sciences-Po Website, October 21, 2004.
- ↑ "Columbia University, LSE and Sciences-Po launch Global Public Policy Network", PRNewsWire, September 19, 2005.
- ↑ "Sciences-Po’s Joint Degrees", Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs, October 21, 2004.
- ↑ "Sciences-Po ― an elite institution's introspection on its power, position and worth in French society" NYU Department of Journalism, September 09, 2003.
Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ...
External links
Notes - ↑ “Sciences Po 1945-1979” Centre d’histoire de Sciences Po
- ↑ “Sciences Po 1945-1979” Centre d’histoire de Sciences Po
- ↑ “Sciences Po 1945-1979” Centre d’histoire de Sciences Po
- ↑ "LSE: A History of the London School of Economics and Political Science, 1895-1995", Oxford University Press, June 1, 1995.
- ↑ "Consolidation de L'autonomie de Sciences Po" Sénat, 1996.
- ↑ "Le statut juridique de Sciences Po: la dualité FNSP et IEP de Paris" Centre d’histoire de Sciences Po
- ↑ “Sciences Po Paris Overview: Introducing Sciences Po” Sciences Po Website, 2001.
- ↑ “Sciences Po Paris Overview: Introducing Sciences Po” Sciences Po Website, 2001.
- ↑ “Sciences Po Paris Overview: Introducing Sciences Po” Sciences Po Website, 2001.
- ↑ "IBSS Boosts Coverage of French Social Science Journals", IBSS, 2005.
- ↑ "Presses de Sciences Po", Sciences Po Website, October 21, 2004.
- ↑ "Columbia University, LSE and Sciences Po launch Global Public Policy Network", PRNewsWire, September 19, 2005.
- ↑ "Sciences Po’s Joint Degrees", Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs, October 21, 2004.
- ↑ "Sciences Po ― an elite institution's introspection on its power, position and worth in French society" NYU Department of Journalism, September 09, 2003.
Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ...
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