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Egypt

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Egypt Politics, sometimes defined as the art and science of government[1], is a process by which collective decisions are made within groups. ... The coat of arms of Egypt. ... // Constitution Main Article: History of the Egyptian Constitution The Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt was approved by referendum in 1970 and amended in 1980 and 2005. ...

Constitution President Hosni Mubarak Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif Cabinet Parliament of Egypt Shura Council People's Assembly Judicial system Supreme Constitutional Court Elections President 2005 People's Assembly 2005 Political parties Former political parties Foreign relations

See also History of Egypt

The President of the Arab republic of Egypt is the elected Head of State of Egypt. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... List of Heads of Government of Egypt List of Heads of Government of Southern Region of Egypt Affiliations:- See also:- Egypt Rulers and Heads of State of Egypt Colonial Heads of Egypt Lists of Incumbents Categories: Egypt ... Dr. Ahmed Nazif (Arabic: أحمد نظيف ; born 1952) has served as the Prime Minister of Egypt since 14 July 2004. ... The Cabinet of Egypt (Arabic: Al-Hokouma Al-Misreya) is the chief executive body of the Arabic Republic of Egypt. ... The Shura Council (Arabic: Majilis Al-Shura مجلس الشورى) is the upper house of Egyptian bicameral parliament. ... The Peoples Assembly (Arabic: Majilis Al-Sha’ab مجلس الشعب) is the lower house of Egypts bicameral parliament. ... The Egyptian Judicial System (or judicial branch) in Egypt, is an independent branch of the government which includes both secular and religious courts. ... The Supreme Constitutional Court is an independent judiciary body in the Arab Republic of Egypt, with its new seat in the Cairo suburban, Maadi. ... Egypt elects on national level a head of state – a president – and a bicameral legislature. ... The Egyptian presidential election of 2005, held on September 7, 2005, was the first contested presidential election in Egypts history. ... The Egyptian parliamentary elections of 2005 was the scheduled three-stage elections for determining its lower house membership. ... Political parties in Egypt lists political parties in this country. ... Political Parties has existed in Egypt approximately during the late 19th century. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Hathor The history of Egypt is the longest continuous history, as a unified state, of any country in the world. ...

The Parliament of Egypt is a bicameral legislature. It is located in Cairo, Egypt's capital. As the legislative branch of the Egyptian government, the Parliament enacts laws, approves the general policy of the State, the general plan for economic and social development and the general budget of the State, supervises the work of the government, and has the power to vote to impeach the President of the Republic, or replace the government and its Prime Minister by a vote of no-confidence. The bicameral legislature of the United States is housed in a capitol building with two wings. ... Chamber of the Estates-General, the Dutch legislature. ... Modern Cairo Cairo (Arabic: ‎ translit: ) is the capital city of Egypt (and previously the United Arab Republic) and has a metropolitan area population of approximately 15. ...

However, all of these powers are entirely notional; in reality, all power is weilded by the President.

History and Composition

Main Article: History of Parliamentary life in Egypt Parliamentary life in Egypt has been a mark of Egyptian civilizations along its history. ...

Parliamentary life began in Egypt as early as 1866, and since then several forms of national assemblies have been formed, dismantled and amended to reach the present-day form. Since 1866, Egypt witnessed seven parliamentary systems whose legislative and oversight competences varied and reflected the history of the Egyptian people's struggle to establish a society based on democracy and freedom. For more than 135 years of parliamentary history Egypt witnessed 32 Parliaments whose members ranged between 75 and 458 who contributed to writing Egypt's modern political social, economic and cultural history. According to the present-day constitution, the Parliament comprises the following two legislative houses or chambers: 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...

• The People's Assembly ("Majilis Al-Sha’ab"), a 454-member lower house.
• The Shura Council ("Majilis Al-Shura"), a 264-member upper house.

The Parliament meets for one nine-month session each year: under special circumstances the President of the Republic can call an additional session. Even though the powers of the Parliament have increased since the 1980 Amendments of the Constitution, many still argue that the Parliament remains to lack the powers to effectively balance the excessive powers of the President. The Peoples Assembly (Arabic: Majilis Al-Sha’ab مجلس الشعب) is the lower house of Egypts bicameral parliament. ... A lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house. ... The Shura Council (Arabic: Majilis Al-Shura مجلس الشورى) is the upper house of Egyptian bicameral parliament. ... An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. ...

People's Assembly

The People's Assembly is the lower house and was formed in 1971 as a result of the adoption of the new constitution. The Assembly is made up of 454 deputies, 444 of whom are directly elected while the remaining 10 are appointed by the President of the Republic. The Constitution reserves 50 percent of the Assembly's seats for "workers and farmers", one per each two seat constituency. The Assembly sits for a five-year term but can be dissolved earlier by the president. All seats are voted on in each election. The Peoples Assembly (Arabic: Majilis Al-Sha’ab مجلس الشعب) is the lower house of Egypts bicameral parliament. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ...

Shura Council

The Shura Council is the upper house . Its name roughly translates into English as "the Consultative Council". The Council was created in 1980 through a Constitutional Amendment. The Council is composed of 264 members of which 174 members are directly elected and the 88 are appointed by the President of the Republic for six-year terms. Membership is rotating, with one half of the Council renewed every three years. The Shura Council's legislative powers are limited. On most matters of legislation, the People's Assembly retains the last word in the event of a disagreement between the two houses. The Shura Council (Arabic: Majilis Al-Shura مجلس الشورى) is the upper house of Egyptian bicameral parliament. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...

External links

• The Egyptian People's Assembly

Politics, sometimes defined as the art and science of government[1], is a process by which collective decisions are made within groups. ...