Parma, Ohio
Location within the state of Ohio
Country	United States
State	Ohio
County	Cuyahoga
Founded	1816
Township	March 7, 1826
Incorporated	Fall, 1924 (village) & January 1, 1931 (city)
Government
- Mayor	Dean DePiero
Area
- City	20.0 sq mi (51.7 km²)
- Land	20.0 sq mi (51.7 km²)
- Water	0.04 sq mi (0.1 km²)
Population (2006)[1]
- City	80,009
Time zone	EST (UTC-5)
- Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
Website: http://www.cityofparma-oh.gov/

Parma is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio in Cuyahoga County and is the largest suburb of Cleveland. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 85,655. The 2003 estimate put the population at 83,861.^[2] Adapted from Wikipedias OH county maps by Catbar. ... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal      The political units and divisions of the United States include: The 50 states, which are... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... Listed are the 88 counties of the state of Ohio. ... Cuyahoga County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude and geographical regions, we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... The Eastern Standard Time Zone is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting five hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). ... -12 | -11 | -10 | -9:30 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3:30 | -3 | -2:30 | -2 | -1 | -0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Though DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... Eastern Daylight Time or EDT is equal to: In North America, Eastern Standard Time + 1, or UTC − 4 hours. ... −12 | −11 | −10 | −9:30 | −9 | −8 | −7 | −6 | −5 | −4 | −3:30 | −3 | −2:30 | −2 | −1 | −0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... Cuyahoga County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Housing subdivision near Union, Kentucky, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio. ... Nickname: Motto: Progress & Prosperity Location in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, USA Coordinates: , Country State County Cuyahoga Founded 1796 Incorporated 1814 (village)   1836 (city) Government  - Mayor Frank G. Jackson (D) Area [1]  - City  82. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ...

Demographics

As of the 2000 census², there were 85,655 people, 35,126 households, and 23,323 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,656.9/km² (4,291.4/mi²). There were 36,414 housing units at an average density of 704.4/km² (1,824.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 95.67% White, 1.06% Black, 0.14% Native American, 1.57% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.45% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.54% of the population. 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... The following is a list of sources used in the creation of encyclopedia articles on various geographic topics and locations, such as cities, counties, states, and countries. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... It has been suggested that Ethnicity (United States Census) be merged into this article or section. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ...

There were 35,126 households out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.6% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.99. Marriage is an interpersonal relationship with governmental, social, or religious recognition, usually intimate and sexual, and often created as a contract, or through civil process. ...

In the city the population was spread out with 22.3% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $43,920, and the median income for a family was $52,436. Males had a median income of $39,801 versus $27,701 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,293. About 3.3% of families and 4.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.6% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over. The per capita income for a group of people may be defined as their total personal income, divided by the total population. ... Map of countries showing percentage of population who have an income below the national poverty line The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. ...

Parma ranks as one of the safest cities in the United States with a population between 60,000 and 100,000. Parma's ranking has declined in recent years from 17th safest to 19th safest. As of 3 November 2006, the rank has fallen further to 32nd.^[3] See the history section of this article for possible reasons for this decline. The following table of 2005 murders is based on Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports statistics that initially became available in September 2006. ...

Economy

During the population boom between 1950 and 1980, Parma's commercial sector grew to match its residential sector. Since the 1950s, Parma has fostered the growth of many small businesses and been an operating hub for such well-known companies as General Motors, the Union Carbide Research Center, and Cox Cable Television.^[4] General Motors Corporation, also known as GM or The General, an American multinational corporation, is the worlds largest auto company. ... This article or section is incomplete and may require expansion and/or cleanup. ... Cox Enterprises is the successor to the publishing company founded at Dayton, Ohio, by James Middleton Cox, who began with the Dayton Daily News. ...

Located close to the city's town hall is Parmatown Mall, which has recently been overshadowed in size by the neighboring South Park Mall, located south of Parma in Strongsville. Parmatown Mall is a shopping mall located in Parma, Ohio, approximately 10 miles south of Cleveland. ... Westfield SouthPark, formerly SouthPark Center, is an enclosed shopping mall in Strongsville, Ohio. ... Nickname: Crossroads of the Nation Location in Ohio Country United States State Ohio County Cuyahoga Township created 1818 Village created 1923 Incorporated 1961 Government type Mayor-council Mayor Thomas Perciak Area    - City 63. ...

Education

The City contains three public high schools: Parma Senior High School, Valley Forge High School, and Normandy High School. The schools share a common stadium for football and track events, called Byers Field. The rivalry that exists between these schools is well documented.^[5] Normandy High School is located in the southeastern part of the city, and its population is made up of students from south Parma, and Seven Hills. Valley Forge is located in the southwestern portion of the city, and includes students from southwestern Parma, as well as Parma Heights. Parma High School is located in the center of the city, and includes students from central and northern Parma. Parma Senior High School (alternatively known as PSH or Parma High School), is one of three public high schools in the Parma City School District in Cuyahoga County, Ohio in Parma, Ohio. ... Valley Forge High School is a high school located in the Cleveland, Ohio suburb of Parma Heights. ... Normandy High School, established in 1968, is one of three high schools in the Parma City School District, which encompasses the three communities of Parma, Parma Heights, and Seven Hills, located on the southwest boundary of Cleveland, Ohio in Cuyahoga County. ... The Seven Hills of Rome east of the Tiber form the heart of Rome. ... Parma Heights is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ...

The city also is home to a private Catholic high school, Padua Franciscan High School. Founded in 1961 as a school for boys, Padua Franciscan became co-educational in 1983 and as of 2005 was the largest private, co-educational secondary school in northeast Ohio.^[6] Padua's principal rivalry is with Holy Name High School, located in nearby Parma Heights.^[7] Padua Franciscan High School is a private co-educational Franciscan high school in Parma, Ohio. ... Holy Name High School High School Holy Name High School (HNHS) is a private, Catholic, coeducational high school in Parma Heights, Ohio. ...

Famous Parmans

• Hector Boiardi, better known as Chef Boyardee, died in Parma in 1985.
• Sean Faris Actor, graduate of Padua
• Dan Fritsche NHL, Columbus Blue Jackets
• Tom Fritsche NHL, Prospect of Colorado Avalanche
• Mike Garcia (starting pitcher for the Cleveland Indians in the 1950s -- he ran "Big Bear Cleaners" in Parma, Ohio)
• Michael T. Good, NASA astronaut
• Brian Holzinger NHL, Buffalo Sabres
• Ted Levine Actor (Silence of the Lambs, The Mangler, Monk, The Hills Have Eyes)
• James A. Lovell American Astronaut (Apollo 13 mission) (a native of Cleveland, he spent part of his youth on Parma's north side)
• Mike Mizanin Professional Wrestler
• Clint Nageotte Professional Baseball Player
• Ranson E. Olds Automotive pioneer lived in Parma as a boy from 1874 to 1878.^[8]
• Alan Ruck Actor (Ferris Bueller's Day Off, Spin City), graduate of Parma High

Chef Boyardee in an early television commercial. ... Sean H. Faris (born March 25, 1982 in Houston, Texas) is an American actor. ... Padua Franciscan High School is a private co-educational Franciscan high school in Parma, Ohio. ... Dan Fritsche (born July 13, 1985 in Parma, Ohio) is a professional ice hockey player for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the NHL. He played junior hockey for the Sarnia Sting and the London Knights, and won a gold medal at the 2004 World Junior Hockey Championship, playing for the... Tom Fritsche (born September 30th, 1986 in Parma, Ohio) is an American ice hockey forward currently playing for the Ohio State Buckeyes hockey team. ... Edward Miguel Mike García (November 17, 1923 - January 13th, 1986) was a Major League Baseball player of Mexican-Indian descent who was one of the Cleveland Indians The Big Four pitching staff in the 1950s. ... Michael Timothy Good is a NASA astronaut. ... Brian Holzinger (born October 10, 1972, in Parma, Ohio, USA) is a retired American professional ice hockey center. ... Ted Levine (born May 29, 1957 in Parma, Ohio) is an American actor best known for playing the serial killer Buffalo Bill in the 1991 blockbuster thriller The Silence of the Lambs. ... Jodie Foster and Anthony Hopkins in the film version The Silence of the Lambs is a novel by Thomas Harris, his second to feature sociopath psychiatrist and cannibal Dr. Hannibal Lecter. ... The Mangler is a short horror story by Stephen King. ... Monk is an Emmy Award winning television show about the private detective Adrian Monk (Tony Shalhoub), afflicted by Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and multiple phobias. ... The Hills Have Eyes is a 2006 remake of Wes Cravens 1977 film of the same name, about a family who becomes the target of a group of mutants after their car breaks down in the desert. ... James Jim Arthur Lovell, Jr. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Ransom Eli Olds (June 3, 1864–August 26, 1950) was a pioneer of American automobile industry. ... Alan Ruck (born July 1, 1956 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American stage, television and film actor. ...

Geography

Parma is located at 41°23′31″N, 81°43′43″W (41.391852, -81.728502)¹. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1887x1507, 60 KB) Parma, Ohio This map shows the communitys extent in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... The following is a list of sources used in the creation of encyclopedia articles on various geographic topics and locations, such as cities, counties, states, and countries. ...

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 51.7 km² (20.0 mi²). 51.7 km² (20.0 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ...

Two major changes and developments have recently occurred regarding several principal sites within the city:

1. The West Creek Preservation Agency has worked to preserve various historic and natural sites in the city, including the Henninger House and the West Creek Watershed.^[9]

2. Henninger House, the oldest home in Parma, which was built in 1849, is planned to be part of the proposed Quarry Creek Historic District.^[10]

History

Parma is an incorporated city southwest of Cleveland. It is bounded by Cleveland and Brooklyn on the north, Brooklyn Heights, and Seven Hills on the east, North Royalton and Broadview Heights on the south, and Brook Park, Middleburg Heights, and Parma Heights on the west. Parma was originally part of Parma Township, created in 1826. The first settlers were the Benaiah Fay family from New York State, who settled along the Cleveland-Columbus Road in 1816. The name was taken from Parma, New York, where it was probably derived from the early-19th century fascination with classical Italy. During the 19th century, Parma remained largely agricultural. In 1912, a portion of the township seceded to form the village of Parma Heights. In 1924, Parma was incorporated as a village, and in 1926 it adopted the mayor-council form of government. In 1931 a proposition to annex it to the city of Cleveland was defeated, and Parma became a city. Parma's tremendous growth came after World War II as young families began moving from Cleveland into the Suburbs. During the Cold War, Parma's Nike Site Park housed Nike missiles located in underground silos.^[11][12] Between 1950 and 1980, Parma's population soared from less than 20,000 to more than 110,000.^[13] More recently, the population has declined to well below 90,000. ^[14] Nickname: Motto: Progress & Prosperity Location in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, USA Coordinates: , Country State County Cuyahoga Founded 1796 Incorporated 1814 (village)   1836 (city) Government  - Mayor Frank G. Jackson (D) Area [1]  - City  82. ... Nickname: Motto: Progress & Prosperity Location in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, USA Coordinates: , Country State County Cuyahoga Founded 1796 Incorporated 1814 (village)   1836 (city) Government  - Mayor Frank G. Jackson (D) Area [1]  - City  82. ... Brooklyn is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Brooklyn Heights is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Seven Hills is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... North Royalton is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Broadview Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Brook Park is a suburb of Cleveland in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Middleburg Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Parma Heights is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Launch of a Nike Zeus missile Project Nike was a US Army project, proposed in May 1945 by Bell Labs, to develop a line-of-sight anti-aircraft missile system. ...

Nevertheless, Parma's local, state, and even national image has been marred by four incidents:

1. Such major newspapers as The New York Times covered allegations from the 1970s onwards that Parma's government worked to resist racial integration. Former Parma City Council President Kenneth Kuczma famously said, "I do not want Negroes in the city of Parma," and even federal courts ruled on the matter.^[15]

2. In 2003, Parma made national news after a 345-kV transmission line failed in the city due to a tree, which played a significant role in the early stages of the 2003 North America blackout.^[16] A major water crisis in Parma and nearby communities also resulted from the blackout.^[17]

3. According to the official website of the Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court, since 1998 the city has been engaged in an ongoing (i.e. still active) and costly civil suit pitting seventeen Parma residents as plaintiffs against around a dozen prominent city officials (including the current mayor and council president) as defendants. Most recently, the case titled Michael Perry et al vs. Parma, City of-et al, held a pre-trial on March 9, 2007, but the "defendant" failed to appear. Thus, the parties were to have contacted the court by telephone on The Ides of March of 2007. A new pretrial is set for July 31, 2007 at 9:45 AM.^[18]

4. Parma has recently been plagued by negative press in the local media as a result of a larger conflict between the police and city government, which has some of its origins from an on-and-off investigation into whether or not former Republican Councilman John Stover stole "files from another council member's briefcase" in 2000--allegations that the Stover family disputes.^[19] The incident, which has been referred to as "Filegate" by local and regional media sources, has thus far had inconclusive results, but many residents and outside observers have interpreted the escalation in tensions between the police department and city government as one of reprisals and counter-reprisals of which "Filegate" may serve as an early salvo.^[20]

The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... The 2003 North America blackout was a massive power outage that occurred throughout parts of the northeastern United States and eastern Canada on Thursday, August 14, 2003. ...

Disputes Between City Government and Police Department

A possible fifth incident that has marred Parma's image in the recent past involves tensions between the local media and city government on one side and the police department on the other.

A Witch Hunt?

Those who believe in the existence of a Parma political machine led by Prosecutor Bill Mason contend that in order to distract from their own suspect activities, "Good Old Boy" politicians allegedly concocted a "Witch Hunt" that scapegoated police officers.^[21][22][23] Ultimately, investigator Dick DiCicco wrote in his official report that there “was no evidence presented to” substantiate “the allegation that officers were taking turns calling in sick in order that other officers could earn overtime to maintain minimums,” “there was no actual duplicate billing” concerning officers Kuchler and Robertson as indicated in The Plain Dealer articles, and based “on the review of the above activity no specific pattern of reciprocity was detected” on the part of Officer Mekruit. On page B2 of The Plain Dealer, Joe Wagner quoted Prosecutor Michael Nolan as reportedly declaring that Mayor DePiero and Council President Germana removed the “police tax request from May 3 ballot . . . ‘as an excuse for, apparently, their own inaction.’” In turn, on March 11, 2005, The Plain Dealer quoted Councilwoman Stys who summed up the investigation as a “sham,” and on January 12, 2006, prosecutor Dan Kasaris recommended that the case of The State of Ohio vs. Donald Mcnea, a retired Parma police officer who served as a focus of numerous newspaper articles, be dismissed. Further revelations about the "Witch Hunt", as found in such newspaper articles as "Report clears Parma police in payroll-padding probe," and including the retroactive appointment of a special prosecutor who had been prosecuting (in violation of the Ohio Revised Code) select police union representatives who had raised concerns about possible political corruption, has led to calls for the resignations of many members of the current mayoral administration and city council. As confirmed on the county website, most recently, on February 26, 2007, Judge Brian J. Corrigan found Patrolman Brian Barta not guilty of bribery.^[24] Officer Barta was earlier discharged of charges of obstructing justice,^[25] with the judge citing the fact that the prosecution's witness "skipped court appearances" and was "twice arrested and convicted, for drug trafficking and possession." According to The Plain Dealer, attorney Henry Hillow said that Barta "should have never been charged" and called Barta's experience "a travesty."^[26] Nevertheless, the long-term consequences of the crisis, which lasted for nearly four years (2003-2007) are yet to be seen. 1533 account of the execution of a witch charged with burning the town of Schiltach in 1531. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... In this 1899 cartoon from Puck, all of New York City politics revolves around boss Richard Croker A political machine is an unofficial system of a political organization based on patronage, the spoils system, behind-the-scenes control, and longstanding political ties within the structure of a representative democracy. ... The Plain Dealer is a Restoration comedy by William Wycherley, first performed on 11 December 1676. ...

Mayors^[27][28]

References in Popular Culture

• Parma was, throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the butt of jokes by local movie show hosts Ghoulardi, Hoolihan & Big Chuck, and The Ghoul, due to its Eastern European, most specifically Polish, make-up. Ghoulardi famously made a series of shorts called "Parma Place." The jokes dealt with Parmans' alleged love of white socks, pink flamingos, chrome balls, kielbasa and pierogis.^{[citation needed]}

• Drew Carey's theme song, "Moon Over Parma", references Parma and many of Cleveland's suburbs.

Ghoulardi was a fictional character invented and portrayed by disc jockey, voice announcer, and actor Ernie Anderson, as the horror host of late night Shock Theater at WJW-TV, Channel 8, in Cleveland, Ohio from 1963 through 1966. ... Big Chuck and Little John are two guys with a TV show aired local to Cleveland. ... Ron Sweed as The Ghoul Ron Sweed, (born 1950, Cleveland, Ohio), is an American entertainer best known for his late-night television horror host character The Ghoul. ... Drew Allison Carey (born May 23, 1958) is an American comedian and actor. ...

References

1. ^ US Census 2000 est
2. ^ Parma (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau
3. ^ Parma Ranked 32nd Safest City Nationwide
4. ^ Encyclopedia of Cleveland History: Parma. Case Western Reserve University (June 29, 2003).
5. ^ Even though rivalry may exist on the field of sports, the Spanish pen pals found connections to begin new friendships; “On the field, you think that the guys from Valley Forge and Parma are bad guys because they’re playing you tough trying to get the win” said recent Normandy graduate Dan Ebinger, who will play defensive end. “But, after you meet with them, you realize that they’re all actually pretty nice guys. It’s pretty nice getting to know them as people instead of just judging them by how they played against you.”; Normandy was upsetted last week against Parma. Over the years, a second rivalry has formed between Valley Forge & Normandy, the battle of Parma, a battle that would determine the better team.
6. ^ www.ohsaa.org/members/hsenroll05.htm OHSAA enrollment figures. Retrieved on 2007-03-07.
7. ^ "Holy Name (5-4) vs. Padua (6-3)" - article discusses how their game, called "Holy War Jr.", "is more about area bragging rights and pride."
8. ^ Robert Olds of Windsor and Suffield, CT and his descendants
9. ^ Welcome to West Creek!
10. ^ Historic Henninger House Saved (OH)
11. ^ EPA checks for hazards at former Nike site
12. ^ Records Relating to Nike Missile Sites at the National Archives and Records Administration-Great Lakes Region
13. ^ Kubasek, Ernest R., The History of Parma (1976). Parma Chamber of Commerce, Parma (1984). Parma Sesquicentennial, 1826-1976
14. ^ The 2006 population estimate for Parma city, Ohio is 80,009.
15. ^ Parma City Council President makes national headlines for racism. URL Accessed June 25, 2006
16. ^ "Lights out again - some on purpose" by Donna Iacoboni, URL accessed on April 10, 2007
17. ^ website features a photograph with the citation: "The National Guard supplied water to Parma City, Ohio, and other communities Aug. 15, 2003, after a massive blackout disrupted clean drinking water supplies.", URL accessed on April 10, 2007
18. ^ For the official and detailed information on this case, do a civil search on this government website for either "Michael Perry" or "Parma, City of", URL accessed on July 18, 2007
19. ^ "Parma and Madison Councilmen Are Ambassadors For Truth" - article that provides additional background information on John Stover
20. ^ [http://www.cleveland.com/parmapolice/index.ssf?/parmapolice/more/104729732388160.html "Extended medical leave, unquestioned by officials, paves way to retirement" - article cites "Filegate" twice]
21. ^ Debbie Lime takes on Dean DePiero for mayor - and Bill Mason and Parma's political establishment
22. ^ "DePiero and Cuyahoga County Prosecutor Bill Mason control what is referred to as the “Parma Democratic machine,” and Lime – elected to council as a Democrat – is running as an anti-machine Democrat."
23. ^ Parma Good Old Boys
24. ^ For the official and detailed information on this case, do a criminal search on this government website for "Brian Barta", URL accessed on April 10, 2007
25. ^ For the official and detailed information on this case, again, do a criminal search on this government website for "Brian Barta", URL accessed on April 10, 2007
26. ^ Nichols, Jim. The Plain Dealer, 26 February, 2007. Retrieved 15 March, 2007.
27. ^ The Political Graveyard: Mayors of Parma, Ohio
28. ^ Most of the list of mayors came from the city.

References for the Witch Hunt: Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 100th day of the year (101st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 100th day of the year (101st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 100th day of the year (101st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 100th day of the year (101st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

• An Open Letter To All Union Police Officers -- Original version.
• An Open Letter to all Union Police Officers -- Published version.
• AN OPEN LETTER TO THE MEDIA BY PARMA POLICE SUPERVISORS FOP REPRESENTATIVES
• Councilman praised for supporting police
• "Parma officer cleared of bribery, obstruction charges" by Jim Nichols, February 26, 2007

References for Police Chiefs:

• Law Enforcement News
• Parma police chief retires unexpectedly
• RECORD REVOLUTION No. 6, INC., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. THE CITY OF PARMA, et al., Defendant-Appellee

External links

• City of Parma
• Parma Early Childhood PTA
• City Data
• Parma-OH.com
• Parma, Ohio Community Advocate The handiest local reference guide available for the Parma, Ohio area. Updated daily.

• Maps and aerial photos for 41°23′31″N 81°43′43″W / 41.391852, -81.728502Coordinates: 41°23′31″N 81°43′43″W / 41.391852, -81.728502
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  • Topographic maps from TopoZone or TerraServer-USA

Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

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	v • d • e Municipalities and communities of Cuyahoga County, Ohio County seat: Cleveland
Cities	Bay Village | Beachwood | Bedford | Bedford Heights | Berea | Brecksville | Broadview Heights | Brook Park | Brooklyn | Cleveland | Cleveland Heights | East Cleveland | Euclid | Fairview Park | Garfield Heights | Highland Heights | Independence | Lakewood | Lyndhurst | Maple Heights | Mayfield Heights | Middleburg Heights | North Olmsted | North Royalton | Olmsted Falls | Parma | Parma Heights | Pepper Pike | Richmond Heights | Rocky River | Seven Hills | Shaker Heights | Solon | South Euclid | Strongsville | University Heights | Warrensville Heights | Westlake Nickname: Motto: Progress & Prosperity Location in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, USA Coordinates: , Country State County Cuyahoga Founded 1796 Incorporated 1814 (village)   1836 (city) Government  - Mayor Frank G. Jackson (D) Area [1]  - City  82. ... Brooklyn is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Old Brooklyn is a west side neighborhood of Cleveland, extending east-to-west from the Cuyahoga River to the City of Brooklyn and north-to-south from the Brookside Park Valley to the City of Parma. ... Brook Park is a suburb of Cleveland in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Parma Heights is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Middleburg Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Seven Hills is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Brooklyn Heights is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... North Royalton is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Broadview Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Image File history File links Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Cuyahoga_County. ... Cuyahoga County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... A county seat is a term for an administrative center for a county, primarily used in the United States. ... Nickname: Motto: Progress & Prosperity Location in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, USA Coordinates: , Country State County Cuyahoga Founded 1796 Incorporated 1814 (village)   1836 (city) Government  - Mayor Frank G. Jackson (D) Area [1]  - City  82. ... Bay Village is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Beachwood is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Bedford is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Bedford Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Berea is a city in Cuyahoga County in the U.S. state of Ohio, and is a suburb of Cleveland, Ohio. ... Brecksville City Hall Brecksville is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Broadview Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Brook Park is a suburb of Cleveland in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Brooklyn is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Nickname: Motto: Progress & Prosperity Location in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, USA Coordinates: , Country State County Cuyahoga Founded 1796 Incorporated 1814 (village)   1836 (city) Government  - Mayor Frank G. Jackson (D) Area [1]  - City  82. ... Cleveland Heights is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... East Cleveland is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Euclid is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Fairview Park is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Garfield Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Highland Heights is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Lakewood is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Lyndhurst is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Maple Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Mayfield Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Middleburg Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... North Olmsted is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... North Royalton is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Olmsted Falls is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Parma Heights is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Penis Pike is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Richmond Heights is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Rocky River is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Seven Hills is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Solon Fine Arts Center Solon City Hall Solon is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, and is a suburb of Cleveland in the Northeast Ohio Region, the 14th largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States. ... South Euclid (a suburb in the Greater Cleveland area) is a city located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Nickname: Crossroads of the Nation Location in Ohio Country United States State Ohio County Cuyahoga Township created 1818 Village created 1923 Incorporated 1961 Government type Mayor-council Mayor Thomas Perciak Area    - City 63. ... University Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Warrensville Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Location in Ohio Coordinates: , Country State County Cuyahoga Dover Township first settled 1810 [2] Dover Village incorporated 1911 [2] City of Westlake incorporated 1957 [2] Government  - Mayor-council Dennis M. Clough [1]  - Mayor Area  - City  15. ...
Villages	Bentleyville | Bratenahl | Brooklyn Heights | Chagrin Falls | Cuyahoga Heights | Gates Mills | Glenwillow | Highland Hills | Hunting Valley | Linndale | Mayfield | Moreland Hills | Newburgh Heights | North Randall | Oakwood | Orange | Valley View | Walton Hills | Woodmere Bentleyville is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Bratenahl is a village located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Brooklyn Heights is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Chagrin Falls is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Cuyahoga Heights is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Gates Mills is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Glenwillow is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Highland Hills is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Hunting Valley is a wealthy, suburban village located east of Cleveland in Cuyahoga and Geauga counties in the Northeast Ohio Region, the 14th largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States. ... Linndale is a village located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Mayfield is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Moreland Hills is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, and is a suburb of Cleveland in the Northeast Ohio Region, the 14th largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States. ... Newburgh Heights is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... North Randall is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Oakwood is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Orange is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, and is a suburb of Cleveland in the Northeast Ohio Region, the 14th largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States. ... Valley View is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Walton Hills is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Woodmere is a village Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States and is a suburb of Cleveland in the Northeast Ohio Region, the 14th largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States. ...
Townships	Chagrin Falls | Olmsted | Paper townships Chagrin Falls Township is a township located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Olmsted Township is a township located in southwest Cuyahoga County, Ohio. ... Cuyahoga County in 1874 Cuyahoga County today Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States is divided into twenty townships. ...

	v • d • e State of Ohio Columbus (capital)
Topics	History | Government | Colleges and universities Image File history File links Flag_of_Ohio. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... Nickname: Location in the state of Ohio, USA Coordinates: , Country State Counties Franklin, Delaware, and Fairfield Government  - Mayor Michael B. Coleman (D) Area  - City  212. ... Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, site of first U.S. capital. ... Serpent Mound, Ohio, USA Hopewell Mound, Ohio, USA 1775 Ohio is not part of the original 13 colonies, but is part of British territories 1789 U.S. constitution, present day is part of an unorganized territory. ... The State of Ohio is the home of a number of public and private institutions of higher learning. ...
Regions	Allegheny Plateau | Appalachian Ohio | Black Swamp | The Bluegrass | Extreme Northwest Ohio | Glacial till plains | Lake Erie | Lake Erie Islands | Miami Valley | Northwest Ohio | Western Reserve This list of regions of the United States includes official (governmental) and non-official areas within the borders of the United States, not including U.S. states, the federal district of Washington, D.C. or standard subentities such as cities or counties. ... Map of the Allegheny plateau. ... Counties in Appalachian Ohio: East Central: yellow Southeast: red Southern: blue Appalachian Ohio is defined by the State of Ohio to consist of the 29 south-easternmost counties. ... The Great Black Swamp roughly covered the black area within the green shaded counties. ... Bluegrass and rock fence of local limestone in central Kentucky. ... What is considered to be Extreme Northwest Ohio is shaded in dark red including the counties of Defiance, Fulton, Henry, Paulding, Putnam, Van Wert, and Williams. ... The Glacial till plains are in the Northwest of Ohio. ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... The Lake Erie Islands are a chain of islands in Lake Erie. ... The Miami Valley, broadly, refers to the land area surrounding the Great Miami River in southwest Ohio, USA, and also includes the Little Miami, Mad, and Stillwater Rivers as well. ... Northwest Ohio contains a number of counties that are sometimes considered parts of West Central Ohio or North Central Ohio including: Williams County, Ohio Fulton County, Ohio Lucas County, Ohio Ottawa County, Ohio Erie County, Ohio Sandusky County, Ohio Seneca County, Ohio Putnam County, Ohio Wood County, Ohio Hancock County... Connecticuts land claims in the West The Connecticut Western Reserve was land claimed by Connecticut in the Northwest Territory in what is now northeastern Ohio. ...
Largest cities	Akron | Canton | Cincinnati | Cleveland | Columbus | Cuyahoga Falls | Dayton | Elyria | Hamilton | Kettering | Lakewood | Lorain | Mansfield | Mentor | Middletown | Parma | Springfield | Toledo | Youngstown List of cities in Ohio, arranged in alphabetical order. ... Nickname: The Rubber Capital of the World Location within the state of Ohio Country United States State Ohio County Summit Founded 1825 Incorporated 1835 (village) - 1865 (city) Government  - Mayor Don Plusquellic (D) Area  - City  62. ... Canton is a city in Stark County, Ohio, United States. ... “Cincinnati” redirects here. ... Nickname: Motto: Progress & Prosperity Location in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, USA Coordinates: , Country State County Cuyahoga Founded 1796 Incorporated 1814 (village)   1836 (city) Government  - Mayor Frank G. Jackson (D) Area [1]  - City  82. ... Nickname: Location in the state of Ohio, USA Coordinates: , Country State Counties Franklin, Delaware, and Fairfield Government  - Mayor Michael B. Coleman (D) Area  - City  212. ... Nickname: The Falls, C-Town, C-Falls, Caucasian Falls, CFO Location within the state of Ohio County Summit  - Mayor Don L. Robart Area    - City 66. ... : Gem City : Birthplace of Aviation United States Ohio Montgomery 56. ... Old county building. ... Hamilton is a city in Butler County, Ohio, United States. ... Official Logo of the City of Kettering Kettering is a city in Montgomery County and part of Greene County in Ohio. ... Lakewood is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. ... Location within the state of Ohio Coordinates: , Country State County Lorain Founded 1807 Government  - Mayor John Romoser (R) Area  - City  24. ... Nickname: Location within the state of Ohio Country United States State Ohio County Richland Founded 1808 Incorporated 1828 (village) - 1857 (city) Government  - Mayor Lydia J. Reid (D) Area [1]  - City  29. ... Mentor is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States. ... Middletown is an All-American City[1] located in Butler and Warren counties in southwestern Ohio. ... Springfield is the county seat of Clark County in the State of Ohio. ... Nickname: Location in the state of Ohio Coordinates: , Country United States State Ohio County Lucas Founded 1833 Government  - Mayor Carty Finkbeiner (D) Area  - City 84. ... Location within the state of Ohio Coordinates: , Country United States State Ohio Counties Mahoning Founded 1796 Incorporated 1848 (village) - 1867 (city) Government  - Mayor Jay Williams (I) Area  - City  34. ...
Metros and Statistical Areas	Cincinnati | Cleveland | Columbus | Dayton | Findlay-Tiffin | Ironton | Lima | Toledo | Youngstown In the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has produced a formal definition of metropolitan areas. ... The Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky metropolitan area The Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky____the worst place on the planet____ metropolitan area is a metropolitan area that includes 15 counties in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. ... NASA image of Greater Cleveland and Lake Erie Greater Cleveland is a nickname for the metropolitan area surrounding Cleveland in Ohio. ... The Columbus-Marion-Chillicothe Metropolitan Consolidated Area is the region colored yellow on this map. ... The Miami Valley, broadly, refers to the land area surrounding the Great Miami River in southwest Ohio, USA, and also includes the Little Miami, Mad, and Stillwater Rivers as well. ... Hancock and Seneca counties are shaded in red. ... Virginia Point Park in Kenova, West Virginia. ... The Lima Metropolitan Area, formally the Lima Metropolitan Statistical Area is a large part of the Lima-Van Wert-Wapakoneta Combined Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau. ... The Toledo Metropolitan Area is a metropolitan area centered in the American city of Toledo, Ohio with 656,696 residents and contains four counties in Northwest Ohio. ... The Youngstown Metropolitan Area is a metropolitan area centered in the American city of Youngstown, Ohio. ...
Counties	Adams | Allen | Ashland | Ashtabula | Athens | Auglaize | Belmont | Brown | Butler | Carroll | Champaign | Clark | Clermont | Clinton | Columbiana | Coshocton | Crawford | Cuyahoga | Darke | Defiance | Delaware | Erie | Fairfield | Fayette | Franklin | Fulton | Gallia | Geauga | Greene | Guernsey | Hamilton | Hancock | Hardin | Harrison | Henry | Highland | Hocking | Holmes | Huron | Jackson | Jefferson | Knox | Lake | Lawrence | Licking | Logan | Lorain | Lucas | Madison | Mahoning | Marion | Medina | Meigs | Mercer | Miami | Monroe | Montgomery | Morgan | Morrow | Muskingum | Noble | Ottawa | Paulding | Perry | Pickaway | Pike | Portage | Preble | Putnam | Richland | Ross | Sandusky | Scioto | Seneca | Shelby | Stark | Summit | Trumbull | Tuscarawas | Union | Van Wert | Vinton | Warren | Washington | Wayne | Williams | Wood | Wyandot Listed are the 88 counties of the state of Ohio. ... Adams County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Allen County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Ashland County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States, and was formed in 1846 from parts of Huron, Lorain, Richland and Wayne Counties. ... Ashtabula County is the northeasternmost county in the state of Ohio. ... Athens County is a county located in the state of Ohio, in the southeasternmost part of the state. ... Auglaize County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Belmont County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Brown County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Butler County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Carroll County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Champaign County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Clark County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Clermont County is a county located in the state of Ohio, just east of Cincinnati. ... Clinton County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Columbiana County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Coshocton County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Crawford County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Cuyahoga County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Darke County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Defiance County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Delaware County is a fast growing suburban county located in the state of Ohio, within the Columbus, OH metropolitan area. ... Erie County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Fairfield County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Fayette County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Franklin County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Fulton County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Gallia County (pronunciation: GAL-yuh) is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Geauga County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Greene County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Hamilton County is a county in the located in the southwest corner of the state of Ohio, United States. ... Hancock County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Hardin County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Harrison County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Henry County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Highland County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Hocking County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Holmes County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Huron County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Jackson County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Jefferson County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Knox County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Lake County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Lawrence County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Licking County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Logan County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Lorain County is a county located in the northeastern region state of Ohio, United States, and is considered to be a part of what is locally referred to as Greater Cleveland. ... Lucas County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Madison County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Mahoning County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Marion County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Medina County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Meigs County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Mercer County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Miami County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Monroe County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Montgomery County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Morgan County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Morrow County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Muskingum County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Noble County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Ottawa County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Paulding County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Perry County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Pickaway County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Pike County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Portage County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Preble County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... It has been suggested that Putnam County Fair be merged into this article or section. ... Richland County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Ross County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Sandusky County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Scioto County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Seneca County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Shelby County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Stark County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Summit County is a urban county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Trumbull County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Tuscarawas County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Union County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Van Wert County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Vinton County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Warren County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Washington County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Wayne County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Williams County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Demographics As of the census2 of 2000, there are 121,065 people, 45,172 households, and 29,678 families residing in the county. ... Wyandot County is located in the state of Ohio. ...