NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Parnitha

Mount Parnitha (Greek, modern: Πάρνηθα, ancient/Katharevousa: -is, sometimes Parnetha), older forms Parnes, Parnis (also with the first an accented) is a densely forested mountain range north of Athens, the highest on the peninsula of Attica, with an elevation of 1,413 m and a summit known as Karavola (Καραβόλα). Much of the mountain is designated a national park, and is a protected habitat for wildfowl, first created in 1961. The summit is located 18 km N of Acharnae and about 30 km N of Athens, while the mountain covers approximately 250 km² of land. Other peaks include Mavrovouni (Μαυροβούνι), Ornio (1,350 m), Area (1,160 m), Avgo or Avgho (1,150 m), and Xerovouni (Ξεροβούνι, meaning dry mountain - 1,120 m). Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 733 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (1100 Ã— 900 pixel, file size: 402 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Sujet : Carte vierge de la rÃ©gion du mont ParnÃ¨s en GrÃ¨ce; Fond de carte : Capture dÃ©cran du logiciel NASA World Wind ; Autres... A topographical summit is a point on a surface which is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, â€² â€“ a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This article is about the capital of Greece. ... For exotic financial options, see Mountain range (options). ... In topography, prominence, also known as autonomous height, relative height or shoulder drop (in America) or prime factor (in Europe), is a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains, also known as peaks. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Southern and northern Mount Everest climbing routes as seen from the International Space Station. ... List of mountain ranges List of mountains of the Alps List of mountain types List of mountains List of mountains by elevation List of highest mountains List of tallest mountains by country List of peaks by prominence List of mountains in Albania List of mountains in Argentina List of mountains... Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada A national park is a reserve of land, usually, but not always (see National Parks of England and Wales), declared and owned by a national government, protected from most human development and pollution. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the â€œInternational Phonetic Alphabetâ€. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Katharevousa (Greek ÎšÎ±Î¸Î±ÏÎµÏÎ¿Ï…ÏƒÎ±, IPA: ) is a form of the Greek language, created during the early 19th century by Adamantios Korais (1748-1833). ... For other uses, see Mountain (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of Greece. ... Attica (in Greek: Î‘Ï„Ï„Î¹ÎºÎ®, Attike; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a periphery (subdivision) in Greece, containing Athens, the capital of Greece. ... Greece is characterized by an extremely fragmented, rugged landscape hosting a great diversity of ecosystems and an outstanding biodiversity. ... Falcated Duck at Slimbridge Wildfowl and Wetlands centre, Gloucestershire, England Wildfowl or waterfowl, also waterbirds, is the collective term for the approximately 147 species of swans, geese and ducks, classified in the order Anseriformes, family Anatidae. ...

About the mountain

Towns surrounding the mountain include Aspropyrgos (Thria), Fyli, Acharnae/Menidi, Varymbombi, Thrakomakedones, Decelea, Avlona and Aghios Stefanos as well as the settlement of Agios Merkourios. The highway GR-1 aka E75 surrounds the northern and eastern part of the mountain along with the Cephissus river, while the Attiki Odos motorway (GR-6) runs to its south. The mountain offers panoramic views of the mountains northeast of Parnitha, Penteli to the east, the Ymittos to the southeast, the Aigaleo to the south and another to the west; from its summit, one can also see the Thriasian Plain, the Saronic Gulf including the islands of Salamina, Aigina and the North, the South Evian Gulfs and island of Euboea, and most of central and northern Greater Athens. The view during clear days can extend to northern Viotia and the Peloponnese. Aspropyrgos (Greek: Î‘ÏƒÏ€ÏÏŒÏ€Ï…ÏÎ³Î¿Ï‚ for white tower). ... Fyli or Fili (Greek: Φυλή), Latin and ancient form: Phyle, is a suburb in the northwestern part of Athens, Greece. ... Archarnae was the largest deme of ancient Attica; it was located in the northwest part of the Attic plain, around Menidi, and about 10 km due north of Athens. ... Acharnes, commonly Acharnai or Acharne (or Akharnes, Akharne, Akharnai, Aharnes, Aharnai, Aharne, Greek:, Ancient/Katharevousa and official name: Αχάρναι, Modern and older spelling: Αχάρνες) is a suburb of Athens also known as Menidi (Μενί&#948... Varybombi (Greek: Î’Î±ÏÏ…Î¼Ï€ÏŒÎ¼Ï€Î·) is a suburban community located about 20 km N of Athens via the nearest interchange (17th km) with GR-1/E75. ... Thrakomakedones (Greek: Î˜ÏÎ±ÎºÎ¿Î¼Î±ÎºÎµÎ´ÏŒÎ½ÎµÏ‚ from Thrace and Macedonia), is a suburb in the northern part of Athens, Greece. ... Decelea, modern Dekeleia or Dekelia, Deceleia or Decelia, previous name Tatoi was a decisive source of supplies for Athens. ... Avlona, Greece Avlona is a city in Greece found north of Olymbos and between Mt. ... Greece Interstate 1 is one of the longest highways in Greece. ... The E75 is part of the Trans European Road Network, which is a series of main roads in the European Union. ... Cephissus (Greek Κήφισσος: Kifissós, Kephissós, or Kêphissos) or Cephisus (Greek Κήφισος: Kêphisos) the name of several rivers in Greece: Cephissus (Boeotia), a river arising in Phocis and flowing through northern Boeotia into Lake... Attiki Odos (Greek: Î‘Ï„Ï„Î¹ÎºÎ® ÎŸÎ´ÏŒÏ‚) is a private-owned toll highway in Greece. ... Pentéli or Pendeli, (Greek: Πεντέλη, ancient forms: Pentele or Pentelicus, Mendeli in medieval times) is a tall mountain and mountain range situated northeast of Athens and southwest of Marathon. ... Ymittos or Imittos, also Imittos, rarely Hymmitos (Greek: Υμηττός), is a suburb of Athens, Greece. ... Aegaleo (Greek Î‘Î¹Î³Î¬Î»ÎµÏ‰ AigÃ¡leo, Latin Aegaleus), also Aigaleo and Egaleo, is a mountain in Greece. ... The Saronic Gulf or Gulf of Aegina in Greece forms part of the Aegean Sea and defines the eastern side of the isthmus of Corinth. ... Salamis (Greek, Modern: Î£Î±Î»Î±Î¼Î¯Î½Î± SalamÃna, Ancient/Katharevousa: Î£Î±Î»Î±Î¼Î¯Ï‚ SalamÃs) is the largest Greek island in the Saronic Gulf, about 1 nautical mile (2 km) off-coast from Piraeus. ... Aegina (Greek: Î‘Î¯Î³Î¹Î½Î± (Egina)) is one of the Saronic Islands of Greece in the Saronic Gulf, 31 miles (50 km) from Athens. ... The North Evian Gulf (Greek: Î’ÏŒÏÎµÎ¹Î¿Ï‚ Î•Ï…Î²Î¿ÏŠÎºÏŒÏ‚ ÎšÏŒÎ»Ï€Î¿Ï‚ Voreios EvvoÃ¯kos Kolpos), also the North Evvian Gulf or the North Euboean Gulf is a gulf of the Aegean Sea. ... The South Evian Gulf (Greek: ÎÏŒÏ„Î¹Î¿Ï‚ Î•Ï…Î²Î¿ÏŠÎºÏŒÏ‚ ÎšÏŒÎ»Ï€Î¿Ï‚ Voreios EvvoÃ¯kos Kolpos), also the South Evvian Gulf or the South Euboean Gulf is a gulf that connects with the Petalies Gulf near Agia Marina and to the west. ... Euboea or Negropont (Modern Greek: Î•ÏÎ²Î¿Î¹Î± Evia, Ancient Greek Î•ÃºÎ²Î¿Î¹Î± EÃºboia; see also List of traditional Greek place names), is the largest island of the Greek archipelago. ... Boeotia or Beotia (//, (Greek Î’Î¿Î¹Ï‰Ï„Î¹Î±; see also list of traditional Greek place names) was the central area of ancient Greece. ... Greece and the Peloponnese The Peloponnese or Peloponnesus (Greek: Î ÎµÎ»Î¿Ï€ÏŒÎ½Î½Î·ÏƒÎ¿Ï‚ Peloponnesos; see also List of Greek place names) is a large peninsula in southern Greece, forming the part of the country south of the Gulf of Corinth. ...

Forests of Greek Fir and Aleppo Pine cover all slopes beneath 1,000 m altitude, and are often threatened by forest fires, such as occurred in 2005 and 2007. Above 1,000 m it is covered principally in grasses and shrubbery, and beneath 300 m mainly farmlands and suburban housing to the east. About 1,000 species of plants can be found on the mountain, including crocus and tulips, and the mountain also provides a native habitat to its red deer, which were known in ancient times. After the traumatic event listed below in 2007, they are even more scarce. Several large mines lie to the northwest, and the ore from them was shipped to a nearby factory in industrial areas. Binomial name Abies cephalonica Loudon Greek Fir (Abies cephalonica) is a fir native to the mountains of Greece, primarily in the Peloponnesos and the island of Kefallinia, intergrading with the closely related Bulgarian Fir further north in the Pindus mountains of northern Greece. ... Binomial name Pinus halepensis Miller The Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis) is a pine native to the Mediterranean region. ... A broom shrub in flower A shrub or bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 6 m tall. ... Species See text. ... This article is about the Tulip bulb plant. ... Ancient Greece is a period in Greek history that lasted for around nine hundred years. ...

A casino, the Mount Parnes Casino, is located near the top of the mountain and is served by a suspended cable car. Several shelters are also located on Parnitha, the most known of which is Bafi. A series of trails are found around the mountain as well as forest roads, and also on the mountain is Athens' second transmitter, broadcasting radio and television since the mid-1950s, across the range of television channels from ERT, ANT1, Mega, Alter and more, to satellite, including Super Sport, Seven X and Filmnet, and a multitude of radio including ERA Radio, Klik FM, ANT1 Radio, Ciao FM, Rhythmos, Super Sport FM, Top FM and others. The supporting road connection was paved in the mid-20th century. Elliniki Radiophonia Tileorassi (Ελληνική Ραδιοφωνία Τηλεόραση) is Greek for Greek (Hellenic) Radiophone Television. ... Antenna, better known as ANT1, is a popular television station in Greece. ... Mega Channel, also known as Mega TV, was the first corporate-owned channel to launch on the Greek airwaves. ... Alter Channel/Alter TV better known as Alter, is a private network in Greece. ... 1969 Chevrolet Chevelle SS396 Super Sport, or SS, is an option package offered by Chevrolet on many of its vehicle lines since 1961. ... Filmnet is a premium television service available in Greece, that broadcasts blockbuster movies and hit series. ...

The mountain was also affected by several major blizzards, including two in 2005 and 2006, stranding cars and closing roads, as well as the cable car.

The name of the mountain dates back to ancient times, when it was under the ancient demes of Acharnae and Decelea. Ancient Greece is a period in Greek history that lasted for around nine hundred years. ... In biology, a deme (rhymes with team) is another word for a local population of organisms of one species that actively interbreed with one another and share a distinct gene pool. ... Archarnae was the largest deme of ancient Attica; it was located in the northwest part of the Attic plain, around Menidi, and about 10 km due north of Athens. ... Decelea, modern Dekeleia or Dekelia, Deceleia or Decelia, previous name Tatoi was a decisive source of supplies for Athens. ...

2007 wildfire

Parnitha suffered extensive damage from a wildfire on Thursday, June 28, 2007 around the morning and noon hours, continuing for several days and burning approximately 56 km² (5,600 hectares, 56,000 stremmata, 13,800 acres) of land; one of the worst recorded wildfires in the prefecture after that of Penteli (see Summer 2005 Wildfires in Greece). The magnitude of the devastation was unforeseen. A smaller fire had, however, taken place in the 1960s.^[1] In mid-2007, a series of forest fires burnt in Greece, especially in the Peloponnese, with 66 confirmed casualties since August 24. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 537 pixelsFull resolution (2896 Ã— 1944 pixel, file size: 367 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Mount Parnitha in Athens Greece burns during the June 2007 wildfire. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 537 pixelsFull resolution (2896 Ã— 1944 pixel, file size: 367 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Mount Parnitha in Athens Greece burns during the June 2007 wildfire. ... Ano Liosia or Ano Liossia (Greek:Άνω Λιόσια ) is a suburb in the nrothern part of Athens, Greece. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2304 Ã— 1728 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2304 Ã— 1728 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 533 pixelsFull resolution (3072 Ã— 2048 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 533 pixelsFull resolution (3072 Ã— 2048 pixel, file size: 1. ... For other uses, see Wildfire (disambiguation). ... is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... A hectare (symbol ha) is a unit of area, equal to 10 000 square metres, commonly used for measuring land area. ... The stremma (ÏƒÏ„ÏÎÎ¼Î¼Î±, plural ÏƒÏ„ÏÎÎ¼Î¼Î±Ï„Î±) is a Greek unit of land area, equal to 1000 square metres, also called the royal stremma. ... An acre is the name of a unit of area in a number of different systems, including Imperial units and United States customary units. ... Pentéli or Pendeli, (Greek: Πεντέλη, ancient forms: Pentele or Pentelicus, Mendeli in medieval times) is a tall mountain and mountain range situated northeast of Athens and southwest of Marathon. ...

The fire consumed forests in two prefectures. Firefighters, helicopters, and planes were brought into action across the mountain area and its edges fighting the enormous blaze,which took days to contain. It spread rapidly with the help of intense winds, and intensified into the northwestern edges of Greater Athens, including both Ano Liosia and towns and villages such as Fyli, near Thrakomakedones, Pyli and both Skoura and Schimatari north of the mountain. From Athens, inhabitants could see the mountainside burning throughout the night. In Schimatari in Viotia, it ruined several acres of forest and businesses. The fire claimed an 80% proportion of the rare Greek Fir and Aleppo Pine forest, 150 animals of the red deer population (an endangered species), birds, and other rare animals. The remains of the green firs and pines are sporadically located around its edges; the scene now resembles that of a devastated forest or an ugly winter. With the loss of its pine needles, one can see the horrifying bareness of the mountain slopes, summit, and valleys. Smoke was seen from most of the Athens area, even the west central and west suburbs, the downtown area, the northern suburbs and almost every part of Viotia, except for most of the western and northernmost portions. The smoke from the massive destruction formed a line that travelled east over Attica, southern Euboea, Chios, to the edge of Turkey, at a distance of approximately 350 km. Ano Liosia or Ano Liossia (Greek:Άνω Λιόσια ) is a suburb in the nrothern part of Athens, Greece. ... Fyli or Fili (Greek: Î¦Ï…Î»Î®), Latin and ancient form: Phyle, also with the second i accented, is a suburb in the northwestern part of Athens, Greece. ... Thrakomakedones (Greek: Î˜ÏÎ±ÎºÎ¿Î¼Î±ÎºÎµÎ´ÏŒÎ½ÎµÏ‚ from Thrace and Macedonia), is a suburb in the northern part of Athens, Greece. ... Pyli (Greek: Î ÏÎ»Î· meaning gate) is a village in the Boeotia Prefecture, Greece. ... Schimatari (Î£Ï‡Î·Î¼Î±Ï„Î¬ÏÎ¹) is a municipality in the Boeotia Prefecture, Greece. ... Viotia - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Euboea or Negropont (Modern Greek: Î•ÏÎ²Î¿Î¹Î± Evia, Ancient Greek Î•ÃºÎ²Î¿Î¹Î± EÃºboia; see also List of traditional Greek place names), is the largest island of the Greek archipelago. ... Chios (Greek: , alternative transliterations Khios and Hios, see also List of traditional Greek place names; Ottoman Turkish: ØµØ§Ù‚ÙŠØ² SakÄ±z; Genoese: Scio) is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea five miles off the Turkish coasts. ...

On June 30, the fire was mostly contained and warnings of new ones were reduced, as only a few fires were slowly burning sporadically in separate parts of the mountain. The main blaze was completely put out on July 1. At the edges of the burnt parts, several fires slowly continued to burn in sections after June 30, with a slow expansion.

Scientists estimate the area's recovery time may be as long as a century. They predict the effect of the loss will only begin to be felt in the coming years; the air may become a little stale and the already known problems of air pollution and smog in Athens may reappear and intensify. Temperatures could also rise and flooding may become a problem for several years. The Ministry of Environment is currently considering a conclusive reforestation program, while many citizens plan to march on the streets of Athens to express their disapproval of the handling of the situation. More recently, forestation has been underway, and the government will be receiving tens of thousands of trees to be planted around the mountains, most of them from outside the country.

Investigations are still underway as to the fire's cause. One scenario suggests a transformer belonging to a major power line exploded due to overuse and overheating by the 47C heatwave, some days prior to the fire. Another holds that this was one of the many arson attacks that have claimed forested land in Greece over recent decades.

Bibliography

References

For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Contents

About the mountain

2007 wildfire

Bibliography

References

See also

External links

Contents

About the mountain GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

2007 wildfire

Bibliography

References

See also

External links

About the mountain