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Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2007) | Particleboard, or particle board, (called "chipboard" in some countries) is an engineered wood product manufactured from wood particles, such as wood chips, sawmill shavings, or even saw dust, and a synthetic resin or other suitable binder, which is pressed and extruded. Particleboard is a type of fiberboard, a composite material, but it is made up of larger pieces of wood than medium-density fibreboard and, hardboard. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ...
Engineered wood, also called composite wood, includes a range of derivative wood products which are manufactured by binding together the strands, particles, fibers, or veneers of wood, together with adhesives, to form composite materials. ...
For other uses, see Wood (disambiguation). ...
For the 1922 film starring Oliver Hardy, see The Sawmill. ...
Sawdust is composed of fine particles of wood. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
For the process that creates volcanic rock, see extrusive (geology). ...
Fiberboard is a type of engineered wood product that is made out of wood fibers. ...
A cloth of woven carbon fiber filaments, a common element in composite materials Composite materials (or composites for short) are engineered materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties and which remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic level within the finished structure. ...
Medium-density fiberboard output in 2005 Medium-density fiberboard (MDF or MDFB) is an engineered wood product formed by breaking down softwood into wood fibers, often in a defibrator, combining it with wax and resin, and forming panels by applying high temperature and pressure. ...
A type of manufactured sheet material akin to particle board, but much harder and denser because it is made out of exploded wood fibers. ...
 Particleboard with veneer Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (2288 × 1712 pixel, file size: 1. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (2288 × 1712 pixel, file size: 1. ...
Characteristics
Particleboard is cheaper, denser and more uniform than conventional wood and plywood and is substituted for them when appearance and strength are less important than cost. However, particleboard can be made more attractive by painting or the use of wood veneers that are glued onto surfaces that will be visible. Though it is denser than conventional wood, it is the lightest and weakest type of fiberboard, except for insulation board. Medium-density fibreboard and hardboard, also called high-density fiberboard, are stronger and denser than particleboard. For other uses, see Density (disambiguation). ...
Towers of Hanoi constructed from plywood. ...
Veneer, in woodworking, refers to thin slices of wood, usually thinner than 3 millimetres (1/8 inch). ...
Medium-density fiberboard output in 2005 Medium-density fiberboard (MDF or MDFB) is an engineered wood product formed by breaking down softwood into wood fibers, often in a defibrator, combining it with wax and resin, and forming panels by applying high temperature and pressure. ...
A major disadvantage of particleboard is that it is very prone to expansion and discoloration due to moisture, particularly when it is not covered with paint or another sealer. Therefore, it is rarely used outdoors or places that have high levels of moisture, with the exception of some bathrooms, kitchens and laundries, where it is commonly used as an underlayment beneath a continuous sheet of vinyl floor covering. In such an installation the edges must be properly covered upward against the wall and joints and non-covered edges must be properly sealed against moisture penetration. A higher quality material not subject to expansion is underlayment-grade plywood, which is constructed without interior voids in its layers to better resist the high local pressure from objects such as stiletto heels. For other uses, see Paint (disambiguation). ...
Polyvinyl chloride Polyvinyl chloride, (IUPAC Polychloroethene) commonly abbreviated PVC, is a widely used thermoplastic polymer. ...
Stiletto heels, heels that are very high and narrow, at least 10 centimeters. ...
History and development Modern plywood, as an alternative to natural wood, was invented in the 19th century, but by the end of the 1940s there was not enough lumber around to manufacture plywood affordably. Particleboard was intended to be a replacement. The first commercial piece was produced during World War II at a factory in Bremen, Germany. It used waste material such as planer shavings, offcuts or sawdust, hammer-milled into chips, and bound together with a phenolic resin. Hammer-milling involves smashing material into smaller and smaller pieces until they pass out through a screen. Most other early particleboard manufacturers used similar processes, though often with slightly different resins. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
A hammer mill is a machine, which purpose is to shred material into fine particles. ...
It was found that better strength, appearance and resin economy could be achieved by using more uniform, manufactured chips. Manufacturers began processing solid birch, beech, alder, pine and spruce into consistent chips and flakes. These finer layers were then placed on the outsides of the board, with the central section composed of coarser, cheaper chips. This type of board is known as three-layer particleboard.
More recently, graded density particleboard has also evolved. It contains particles that gradually become smaller as they get closer to the surface
Manufacturing
Particleboard manufacturing process
Particleboard is manufactured by mixing wood particles or flakes together with a resin and forming the mix into a sheet. The raw material to be used for the particles is fed into a disc chipper with between four and sixteen radially arranged blades. The particles are first dried, after which any oversized or undersized particles are screened out. Image File history File links Particleboardmanufacture. ...
Resin, in liquid form, is then sprayed through nozzles onto the particles. There are several types of resins that are commonly used. Urea formaldehyde resin is the cheapest and easiest to use. It is used for most non-water resistant boards. Melamine formaldehyde resin is significantly more expensive, as it is moisture resistant. Phenol formaldehyde is also fairly expensive. It is dark colored and highly durable. These resins are sometimes mixed with other additives before being applied to the particles, in order to make the final product waterproof, fireproof, insect proof, or to give it some other quality. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Formaldehyde is the chemical compound with the formula H2CO. It is the simplest aldehyde-- an organic compound containing a terminal carbonyl group: it consists of exactly one carbonyl. ...
Once the resin has been mixed with the particles, the liquid mixture is made into a sheet. A weighing device notes the weight of flakes, and they are distributed into position by rotating rakes. In graded density particleboard, the flakes are spread by an air jet which throws finer particles further than coarse ones. Two such jets, reversed, allow the particles to build up from fine to coarse and back to fine.
The sheets formed are then cold-compressed to reduce their thickness and make them easier to transport. Later, they are compressed again, under pressures between two and three megapascals and temperatures between 140 °C and 220 °C. This process sets and hardens the glue. All aspects of this entire process must be carefully controlled to ensure the correct size, density and consistency of the board. The megapascal, symbol MPa is an SI unit of pressure. ...
The degree Celsius (°C) is a unit of temperature named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who first proposed it in 1742. ...
The boards are then cooled, trimmed and sanded. They can then be sold untreated, or covered in a wood veneer. In woodworking, veneer refers to thin slices of wood, usually thinner than 3 millimetres (1/8 inch), that are usually glued and pressed onto core panels (typically, wood, particle board or medium density fiberboard) to produce flat panels such as doors, tops and side panels for cabinets, parquet floors and...
Impact on timber resources and the environment | | This article does not cite any references or sources. (April 2007)
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. | Particleboard and other manufactured boards have had a very positive impact on timber resources, stemming almost entirely from the use of recycled materials. Seventy-five percent of particleboard manufactured in Canada and the US is constructed entirely from recycled materials. The remaining twenty-five percent of boards are constructed partially from recycled material and partially from virgin wood. These mixed panels have an average recycled content of sixty-six percent. This is still significantly more resource efficient than solid wood, even when considering that in many cases these panels will be covered with veneer. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ...
In woodworking, veneer refers to thin slices of wood, usually thinner than 3 millimetres (1/8 inch), that are usually glued and pressed onto core panels (typically, wood, particle board or medium density fiberboard) to produce flat panels such as doors, tops and side panels for cabinets, parquet floors and...
Europe consumes around 45 million cubic metres of particleboard and MDF every year. If solid wood were used instead of these manufactured boards, an enormous burden would be placed on the environment. It lessens the need for trees to be felled, while at the same time reducing waste.
Furniture design Particleboard has had an enormous influence on furniture design. In the early 1950s, particleboard kitchens started to come into use in furniture construction but, in many cases, it remained more expensive than solid wood. A particleboard kitchen was only available to the very wealthy. Once the technology was more developed, particleboard became cheaper.
Large companies such as Freedom and Ikea base their strategies around providing well-designed furniture at a low price. In almost all cases, this means particleboard. Ikea’s stated mission is to “create well-designed home furniture at prices so low as many people as possible will be able to afford them”. They do this by using the cheapest materials possible, as do most other major furniture providers. As a result, solid wood furniture has become an expensive luxury and particleboard the norm. World Map showing locations of IKEA stores in 2007. ...
Safety Safety concerns arise from the glue that is used to glue the particles together in the production, and some people believe that the dust produced is toxic.[citation needed] In most boards, this resin is formaldehyde based. Formaldehyde is classified by the WHO as a human carcinogen.[1] 99.99% of this chemical is contained within the board by the curing process. However, when using power tools on the boards, much more is released in wood dust, which must be removed. This is done by dust extraction, with extractors running at least ten to twenty metres per second capture velocity. Look up who in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
A dust collection system is an accessory found in commercial and home woodworking shops used to collect wood dust, chips and shavings at the point of origin. ...
Comparison of solid wood to particleboard Particleboard’s selling point is its price. However, it has several other advantages, one of which is its stability. Solid wood is prone to warping and splitting with changes in humidity, whereas particleboard is not. This stability enables new design possibilities, without having to take into account seasonal variations. Untreated particleboard will disintegrate, however, when exposed to high levels of moisture. This problem is somewhat mitigated by laminating the particle board on both sides with melamine resin to reduce moisture ingress. Melamin resin or melamine formaldehyde (also incorrectly, melamine) is a plastic material made from melamine and formaldehyde by polymerization. ...
Solid wood has structural advantages over particleboard. It is stronger, allowing it to support greater weights as shelves or other furniture; unless braced or built with thick material, particleboard shelves may visibly sag over time or snap near the fasterners. Solid wood is also more durable. Most damage to solid wood can be repaired easily, often simply by sanding. Any damage to particleboard is very difficult to repair, usually requiring replacement of the damaged particleboard elements.
Most people consider solid wood furniture to be more attractive than particleboard. Recognizing this, furniture makers often cover particle board with real or imitation veneers, in an effort to simulate the look of solid wood.
See also Engineered wood, also called composite wood, includes a range of derivative wood products which are manufactured by binding together the strands, particles, fibers, or veneers of wood, together with adhesives, to form composite materials. ...
Fiberboard is a type of engineered wood product that is made out of wood fibers. ...
Glued laminated timber or Glulam is a structural timber product composed of several layers of dimensioned lumber glued together. ...
A type of manufactured sheet material akin to particle board, but much harder and denser because it is made out of exploded wood fibers. ...
Masonite is an a type of hardboard formed using the Mason method (invented by William H. Mason) by taking wooden chips and blasting them into long fibres using steam and then forming it into boards. ...
Medium-density fibreboard (MDF), is an engineered wood product formed by breaking down softwood into wood fibres, often in a defibrator, combining it with wax and resin, and forming panels by applying high temperature and pressure. ...
OSB-production before the press Oriented strand board, or OSB, is an engineered wood product formed by layering strands (flakes) of wood in specific orientations. ...
Towers of Hanoi constructed from plywood. ...
Pressed wood is any engineered wood building and furniture contruction material made from wood veneers, particles, or fibers bonded together with an adhesive under heat and pressure. ...
Waferboard belongs to the subset of reconstituted wood panel products called flakeboards, which is a type of particleboard. ...
References
External links - Description and pictures of particleboard
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