A partition of unity is a set of functions whose sum is the constant function 1.
Such partitions are used in the theory of the Riemann integral and the Riemann-Stieltjes integral, and in numerical computations with such integrals.
A partition (law) is an act, by a court order or otherwise, to divide up a concurrent estate in a piece of land into separate portions representing the proportionate interests of the tenants.
Relativistic quantumfieldtheories are indispensable in particle physics (see the standard model), although they are known to arise as effective fieldtheories in condensed matter physics.
Quantumfieldtheory was necessary in order to compute the power radiated by an atom when it dropped from one quantum state to another of lower energy.
Quantumfieldtheory was created by Dirac when he attempted to quantize the electromagnetic field in the late 1920s.