Portrait of composer.

Bonifacio Domenico Pasquale Anfossi (5 April 1727 – February, 1797) was an Italian opera composer. Born in Taggia, Liguria, he studied with Niccolò Piccinni and Antonio Sacchini, and worked mainly in London, Venice and Rome. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events 1727 to 1800 - Lt. ... 1797 (MDCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Opera (disambiguation). ... A composer is a person who writes music. ... Taggia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 110 km southwest of Genoa and about 15 km west of Imperia. ... Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions. ... Niccolo Piccinni (January 16, 1728 - May 7, 1800) was an Italian composer of classical music. ... Antonio Sacchini (Born Florence, 14 June 1730 – died Paris, 6 October 1786) was an Italian opera composer. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see Venice (disambiguation). ...

He wrote more than 80 operas, both opera seria and opera buffa, although he concentrated on church music, especially oratorios, during his last years. Anfossi died in Rome in 1797. A caricature of a performance of Handels Flavio, featuring three of the most well-known opera seria singers of their day: Senesino on the left, diva Francesca Cuzzoni in the centre, and art-loving castrato Gaetano Berenstadt on the right. ... Opera buffa (a form of comic opera), also known as Commedia in musica or Commedia per musica, is a genre of opera. ... Christian music is music created by or adapted for the Christian church. ... An oratorio is a large musical composition for orchestra, vocal soloists and chorus. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ...

Career

Aiming at first to become a performer, he studied violin at the Neapolitan Loreto Conservatorium from 1744 to 1752, and played in an opera orchestra for ten years. He then turned to composing, studying with Sacchini and Piccinni. The first performance of his own work, the opera buffa La Serva Spiritosa was at the Rome Carnival in 1763, though his authorship of the work was not clearly established at the time. It appears he preferred to work under his teacher Sacchini, supplementing his tutor's works. Nevertheless he made a breakthrough with his dramma giocoso L'incognita perseguitata in 1773 in Rome. The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. ... For other uses, see Naples (disambiguation). ... A music school or conservatory is an institution dedicated to teaching the art of music, including playing of musical instruments, musical composition, musicianship, music history and music theory. ... For the song titled Orchestra, see The Servant (band). ... Dramma giocoso (Italian: comical drama; plural: drammi giocosi) is the name of a genre of comic operas with its origins in the mid-18th century. ...

By 1782 he had written about 30 operas, performed mainly in Venice and Rome, although on occasion also in other parts of Italy and in Vienna. His first London performance was Il trionfo della costanza in 1782. He was engaged as musical director in London until 1786, where he performed five of his own operas and alternative versions of work by other composers; for example, Gluck's Orfeo with supplementary music by Johann Christian Bach and Händel. His works were not always well received: one critic wrote "the music suffers obviously from a tiring monotony" about his last opera in London, L'inglese in Italia. For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... Christoph Willibald Gluck (July 2, 1714 – November 15, 1787) was a German composer. ... Orfeo (LOrfeo, favola in musica) is one of the earliest works recognized as an opera, composed by Claudio Monteverdi with text by Alessandro Striggio for the annual carnival of Mantua. ... Johann Christian Bach (September 5, 1735 – January 1, 1782) was a composer of the Classical era, the eleventh and youngest son of Johann Sebastian Bach. ... George Frideric Handel (German Georg Friedrich Händel), (February 23, 1685 – April 14, 1759) was a German Baroque music composer who lived much of his life in England. ...

Anfossi returned to Italy, and won back Roman public opinion in 1787 with the farsa Le pazzie de' gelosi at the Carnival. In 1789, the uninterrupted 20-year stretch of operatic composition stopped, and Anfossi restricted himself to church music. He was appointed Maestro di Capella of San Giovanni in Laterano, and held this position till his death in 1797. Farsa (English farce, plural farse) is a genre of opera, associated with Venice in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. ...

Work

The sum of Anfossi's work is not completely known, but he composed at least 60, possibly 70 or more, operas, and at least 20 oratorios in Latin and Italian. His early work is, understandably, closely related in style to that of his teachers, Piccinni and Sacchini, with diatonic harmony and intermittently inspired melody. His orchestration style changed significantly during the course of his career; he realised more colourful effects through the use of wind instruments. Until the middle of the 1770s his opera buffa showed him to prefer the old-fashioned, pure da capo type of aria, in order to, as in his comic works, proceed to more freely shaped passages. He appeared to prefer longer passages such as finali, and he clearly had a preference for sentimental moments and phrases. For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ...

Anfossi's music was fundamentally criticised as inadequately dramatic, and weak in characterisation. His buffo characters are generally not as original as those of some of his contemporaries, such as Cimarosa and Paisiello, while his seria music has a certain stereotypical nature. Domenico Cimarosa Domenico Cimarosa (17 December 1749, Aversa – 11 January 1801, Venice) was an Italian opera composer. ... Paisiello at the clavichord, by Marie Louise Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun, 1791. ...

As an operatic composer, Anfossi remained forgotten for a long time, despite his great popularity with his contemporaries, because his works were overshadowed by those of Salieri, Rossini and Mozart. Nevertheless, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe staged Anfossi's farsetta La maga Circe (Circe, the Sorceress) in his role as the theatre director of Weimar. He adapted the libretto with Christian August Vulpius and also made plans for a continuation, which never came to bear. This article is in need of attention. ... Gioacchino Antonio Rossini (February 29, 1792 — November 13, 1868) was an Italian musical composer who wrote more than 30 operas as well as sacred music and chamber music. ... Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791) was one of the most significant and influential of all composers of Western classical music. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (pronounced [gø tə]) (August 28, 1749–March 22, 1832) was a German writer, politician, humanist, scientist, and philosopher. ... For other uses, see Weimar (disambiguation). ... Antonio Ghislanzoni, nineteenth century Italian librettist. ...

Only in the last 20 years has Anfossi's work been appreciated anew, through diverse productions such as Giuseppe riconosciuto. His work was featured at the 2005 Salzburg Summer Festival. This article is about the capital of the Austrian state of Salzburg. ...

List of Works

• La serva spiritosa - Rome, Teatro Capranica (1763)
• Lo sposo di tre e marito di nessuna, in collaboration with Pietro Guglielmi - Naples, Teatro Nuovo sopra Toledo (1763)
• Il finto medico - Naples, Teatro Nuovo sopra Toledo (1764)
• Fiammetta generosa in collaboration with Niccolò Piccinni - Naples, Teatro dei Fiorentini (1766)
• I matrimoni per dispetto - Naples, Teatro Nuovo sopra Toledo (1767)
• La clemenza di Tito - Rome, Teatro Della Torre Argentina (1769)
• Cajo Mario - Venice, Teatro S. Benedetto (1770)
• Armida - Turin, Teatro Regio (1770)
• Quinto Fabio - Rome, Teatro delle Dame (1771)
• Lucio Papirio - Rome, Teatro delle Dame (1771)
• I visionari - Rome, Teatro delle Dame (1771)
• Il barone di Rocca Antica in collaboration with Carlo Franchi - Rome, Teatro delle Dame (1771)
• Nitteti - Naples, Teatro San Carlo (1771)
• Alessandro nelle Indie - Rome, Teatro Della Torre Argentina (1772)
• L'amante confuso - Naples,Teatro dei Fiorentini (1772)
• La Giannetta, ossia l'incognita perseguitata (also known as Matilde ritrovata) - Rome, Teatro delle Dame (1773)
• Antigono - Venice, Teatro S. Benedetto (1773)
• Demofoonte - Rome, Teatro Della Torre Argentina (1773)
• Lucio Silla - Venice, Teatro Grimani di S. Samuele (1774)
• La finta giardiniera - Rome, Teatro delle Dame (1774)
• Olimpiade - Venice, Teatro San Benedetto (1774)
• Il geloso in cimento o la vedova bizzarra - Vienna, Burgtheater (1774)
• La contadina incivilita - Venice, Teatro Giustiniani di San Moisè (1775)
• Didone abbandonata - Venice, Teatro Giustiniani di San Moisè (1775)
• L'avaro - Venice, Teatro Giustiniani di San Moisè (1775)
• La vera costanza - Rome, Teatro delle Dame (1776)
• Montezuma - Reggio Emilia, Teatro Antico detto il Monte di pietà (1776)
• L'americana in Olanda - Venice, Teatro Grimani di S. Samuele (1776)
• La donna instabile - Vienna, Burgtheater (1776)
• Isabella e Rodrigo, o la costanza in amore - Venice, Teatro Grimani di S. Samuele (1776)
• Il principe di Lagonegro, ossia l'innocente premiata - Florence, Teatro degli Infuocati in Via del Cocomero (1777)
• La fedeltà nelle angustie - Florence, Teatro degli Immobili in Via della Pergola (1777)
• Il curioso indiscreto - Rome, Teatro delle Dame (1777)
• Gengis-Kan - Turin, Teatro Regio (1777)
• Adriano in Siria - Padua, Teatro Nuovo (1777)
• Lo sposo disperato - (also known as "Lo Zotico incivilito") Venice, Teatro Giustiniani di Sam Moisè (1777)
• La vaga frascatana contrastata dagli amori umiliati - Ravenna, Teatro Nobile (1777)
• Ezio- Venice, Teatro Giustiniani di Sam Moisè (1778)
• Orlando Paladino - Vienna, Hoftheater (1778)
• Il controgenio - Rome, Teatro Valle (1778)
• La forza delle donne - Venice, Teatro Giustiniani di Sam Moisè (1778)
• Azor Re di Kibinga - Venice, Teatro Giustiniani di Sam Moisè (1779)
• Cleopatra - Milan, Teatro alla Scala (1779)
• Il matrimonio per inganno - Florence, Teatro degli Infuocati in Via del Cocomero ( (1779)
• Le gelosie villane - Casale Monferrato, Teatro Secchi (1779)
• Amor costante - Rome, Teatro Capranica (1779)
• Tito nelle Gallie - Rome, Teatro delle Dame (1780)
• La finta cingara per amore (first act by C. Franchi, second act by Anfossi) - Venice, Teatro S. Giovanni Cristomo (1780)
• I viaggiatori felici - Venice, Teatro Grimani di S. Samuele (1780)
• La vedova scaltra - Rovigo, Teatro Roncale (1780)
• Lo sposo per equivoco - Rome, Teatro Capranica (1781)
• L'infante di Zamora - Paris, Menus Plaisir per conto dell'Opera (1781)
• I vecchi burlati - London, Haymarket (1781)
• Gli amanti canuti - Venice, Teatro Giustiniani di San Moisè (1781)
• L'imbroglio delle tre spose- Florence, Teatro Degli Immobili in Via della Pergola (1781)
• Il trionfo di Arianna- Venice, Teatro Giustiniani di San Moisè (1781)
• Zemira- Venice, Teatro S. Benedetto (1781)
• Il disprezzo- Venice, Teatro Grimiani di S. Samuele (1782)
• La finta ammalata - Parma, Teatro di Corte (1782)
• Il trionfo della costanza - London, Theatre ? (1782)
• Le gelosie fortunate - Turin, Teatro Carignano (1783)
• Chi cerca trova - Florence, Teatro degli Infuocati in Via del Cocomero (1783)
• Gli sposi in commedia - Piacenza, Teatro Ducale (1784)
• Il cavaliere per amore - Berlin, Königliches Theater (1784)
• Issipile - London, Haymarket (1784)
• Le due gemelle - London, Haymarket (1784)
• La pazza per amore - Correggio, Teatro pubblico (1785)
• L'inglese in Italia - London, Haymarket (1786)
• Le pazzie de' gelosi - Rome, Teatro Valle (1786)
• Creso - Rome, Teatro di Torre Argentina (1786)
• Sedecia - Florence, Teatro degli Immobili in Via della Pergola (1787)
• La vilanella di spirito - (dubious - 1787)
• L'orfanella americana - Venice, Teatro Giustiniani di San Moisè (1787)
• Erifile - Lucca, Teatro Pubblico (1787)
• Artaserse - Rome, Teatro delle Dame (1788)
• I matrimoni per fanatismo - Naples, Teatro del Fondo della Separazione di Lucri (1788)
• La maga Circe - Rome Teatro Valle (1788)
• La gazzetta, ossia il baggiano burlato - Rome, Teatro Valle (1789)
• L'antiquario - Paris, Feydeau (1789)
• Zenobia in Palmira - Venice, Teatro San Benedetto (1789)
• Gli artigiani - Dresden, Electoral Court Theatre (1793)
• L'amor artigiano - Pavia, Teatro De'Quattro Signori Compadroni attuale Fraschini (1797)

Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi (December 9, 1728 - November 19, 1804) was an Italian composer, born at Massa di Carrara. ... For other uses, see Naples (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Naples (disambiguation). ... Niccolo Piccinni (January 16, 1728 - May 7, 1800) was an Italian composer of classical music. ... For other uses, see Turin (disambiguation). ... La vera costanza (True Constancy) is an operatic dramma giocoso by Joseph Haydn. ... Country Italy Region Emilia-Romagna Province Reggio Emilia (RE) Mayor Graziano Delrio (from July 1, 2004) Elevation 58 m Area 231 km² Population  - Total 141,383  - Density 612/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Reggiani Dialing code 0522 Postal code 42100 Frazioni see list Patron San Prospero  - Day... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... This article is about the city in Italy. ... This article is about the city in Italy. ... Padua, Italy, (Italian: IPA: , Latin: Patavium, Venetian: ) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy, the economic and communications hub of the region. ... Province of Ravenna Ravenna is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. ... Type Anti-tank Nationality Joint France/Germany Era Cold War, modern Launch platform Individual, Vehicle Target Vehicle, Fortification History Builder MBDA, Bharat Dynamics (under license) Date of design 70s Production period since 1972 Service duration since 1972 Operators 41 countries Variants MILAN 1, MILAN 2, MILAN 2T, MILAN 3, MILAN... Casale Monferrato is a town in the Piedmont region of north-west Italy, part of the province of Alessandria. ... Rovigo is a town in the Veneto region of Northern Italy, the capital of the homonymous province. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Parma is a city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, famous for its architecture and the fine countryside around it. ... Piacenza (Placentia in Latin and old-fashioned English, Piasëinsa in the local dialect of Emiliano-Romagnolo) is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... Correggio is the name of a town in Italy and of a famous painter who was born there. ... Chrono Trigger character, see Lucca (Chrono Trigger). ... For other uses, see Dresden (disambiguation). ... For the municipality in the Philippines, see Pavia, Iloilo. ...

Sources

• The Oxford Dictionary of Opera, by John Warrack and Ewan West (1992), 782 pages, ISBN 0-19-869164-5

• Some of the content of this article comes from the equivalent German-language wikipedia article (retrieved June/2007).