Luxating patella, or trick knee, is a condition in which the patella, or kneecap, dislocates or moves out of its normal location. The luxation is usually medial, but can be lateral. It can be caused by some form of blunt trauma, or may be a congenital defect. In congenital cases, it is usually bilateral. Patellar luxation is a common condition in dogs, particularly small and miniature breeds. The condition usually becomes evident between the ages of 4 to 6 months. It also occurs in cats, especially the Domestic Shorthair. Left patella - anterior aspect Left patella - posterior aspect The patella or kneecap is a thick, triangular bone which articulates with the femur and covers and protects the front of the knee joint. ... In medicine, blunt force trauma is a type of physical trauma caused by impact from a blunt object. ... A congenital disorder is a medical condition or defect that is present at or before birth (for example, congenital heart disease). ... Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris (Linnaeus, 1758) The dog is a canine mammal of the Order Carnivora. ... Trinomial name Felis silvestris catus (Linnaeus, 1758) This article is about the domestic cat. ... Typical domestic shorthaired cat. ...
Diagnosis is made through palpation of the knee. Rarely, x-rays are necessary. The luxating patella often causes no or very slight symptoms. There may be intermittent limping in the rear leg. Osteoarthritis can develop secondarily. There are several stages in patellar luxation, ranging from minor (the patella's position is normal most of the time) to very serious (the patella is permanently luxated). The more serious stages require surgery to correct, if the animal has difficulty walking. The surgery involves deepening the groove (trochlea) that the patella sits in. In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz... Osteoarthritis (OA, also known as degenerative arthritis or degenerative joint disease, and sometimes referred to as arthrosis or osteoarthrosis), is a condition in which low-grade inflammation results in pain in the joints, caused by wearing of the cartilage that covers and acts as a cushion inside joints. ... A typical modern surgical operation Surgery (from the Greek cheirourgia meaning hand work) is the medical specialty that treats diseases or injuries by operative manual and instrumental treatment. ...
References
Ettinger, Stephen J.;Feldman, Edward C.(1995).Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine(4th ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-6795-3
In patellarluxation, the extensor muscles are often maligned to the inside or outside of the leg, The degree of patellaluxation is graded from I to IV depending on the relative ease with which the patellaluxates.
The decision to perform surgery on animals with patellarluxations is based on many factors including the degree of lameness, the grade of patellarluxation, the age of the animal, and the presence of concurrent problems with the knee.
Patellarluxation may also be found in conjunction with other injuries to the knee which require surgery, most commonly, rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament.
Patellarluxation is the dislocation (slipping) of the patella (kneecap).
Indications of patellarluxation are; difficulty in straightening the knee, pain in the stifle, limping, or the tip of the hock points outward while the toes point inward.
Permanent patellarluxation - the affected limb is either carried or the animal walks in a crouched position, with the limb partially flexed.
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