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Pater Patriae (plural Patres Patriae), also seen as Parens Patriae, is a Latin honorific meaning "Father of the Country." Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... An honorific is a word or expression that conveys esteem or respect and is used in addressing or referring to a person. ... For other uses, see Father (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Country (disambiguation). ...

Roman history

Like all official titles of the Roman Republic and Principate, the honor of being called pater patriae was conferred by the Roman Senate. This article is about the state which existed from the 6th century BC to the 1st century BC. For the state which existed in the 18th century, see Roman Republic (18th century). ... The Principate is, according to its etymological derivation from the Latin word princeps, meaning chief or first, the political regime dominated by such a political leader, whether or not he is formally head of state and/or head of government. ... The Roman Senate (Latin: Senatus) was the main governing council of both the Roman Republic, which started in 509 BC, and the Roman Empire. ...

It was first awarded to the great orator and senatorial statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero for his part in the suppression of the Catilinarian conspiracy during his consulate in 63 BC. For other uses see Cicero (disambiguation) Marcus Tullius Cicero (January 3, 106 BC - December 7, 43 BC) was an orator and statesman of Ancient Rome, and is generally considered the greatest Latin prose stylist. ... Lucius Sergius Catilina (108 BC–62 BC), known in English as Catiline, was a Roman politician of the 1st century BC who is best known for the Catiline (or Catilinarian) conspiracy, an attempt to overthrow the Roman Republic. ... This article is about the Roman rank. ...

It was next awarded to Julius Caesar, who as dictator for life became the de facto ruler of the Roman republic and its imperium. For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... Ordinary Magistrates Extraordinary Magistrates Titles and Honors Emperor Politics and Law Dictator was a political office of the Roman Republic. ... This article is about the state which existed from the 6th century BC to the 1st century BC. For the state which existed in the 18th century, see Roman Republic (18th century). ... Imperium can, in a broad sense, be translated as power. ...

The Senate voted the title to Caesar Augustus in 2 BC, but being neither important for the ruler's legitimacy nor for his legal powers, it did not become a regular part of the imperial honors, contrary to imperator, caesar, augustus, princeps senatus, pontifex maximus and tribunicia potestas. According to the historian Suetonius, Augustus' successor, Tiberius, was offered this title, but refused it.^[1] The famous statue of Octavian at the Prima Porta Caesar Augustus (Latin:IMP·CAESAR·DIVI·F·AVGVSTVS) ¹ (23 September 63 BC–19 August AD 14), known to modern historians as Octavian for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, is considered the first and one of the most... The Latin word imperator was a title originally roughly equivalent to commander during the period of the Roman Republic. ... Caesar (plural Caesars), Latin: Cæsar (plural Cæsares), is a title of imperial character. ... For other persons named Octavian, see Octavian (disambiguation). ... The princeps senatus (plural principes senatus) was the leader of the Roman senate. ... Alternate meanings: see Pontifex (disambiguation) In Ancient Rome, the Pontifex Maximus was the high priest of the collegium of the Pontifices, the most august position in Roman religion, open only to a patrician, until 254 BC, when a plebeian first occupied this post. ... Ordinary Magistrates Extraordinary Magistrates Titles and Honors Emperor Politics and Law Tribune (from the Latin: tribunus; Greek form tribounos) was a title shared by 2-3 elected magistracies and other governmental and/or (para)military offices of the Roman Republic and Empire. ... Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus ( 69/75 - after 130), also known as Suetonius, was a prominent Roman historian and biographer. ... For other persons named Tiberius, see Tiberius (disambiguation). ...

The Senate eventually conferred the title on many Roman emperors, often only after many years of rule, or if the new emperor was particularly esteemed by the senators, as in the case of Nerva. As a result, many of the short-lived Emperors never received the title. Ordinary Magistrates Extraordinary Magistrates Titles and Honors Emperor Politics and Law This article discusses the nature of the imperial dignity, and its dynastic development throughout the history of the Empire. ... For other uses, see Nerva (disambiguation). ...

The honor was subject to the approval of the honoree, who could decline it. Suetonius notes in his work The Twelve Caesars that Nero did so when first offered the honor during the first year of his reign, on account of his youth. It was traditional for the honoree, in a proper sign of humility, to defer the honor for some time once conferred. Hadrian deferred for eleven years, for example.^[2] Suetonius - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... For other uses, see Nero (disambiguation). ...

Chronological list of Roman Patres Patriae

Note that with the exceptions of Cicero and Julius Caesar, the following are all considered Roman emperors.

• Cicero, 63 BC (due to his role in the suppression of the Catilinarian conspiracy)
• Julius Caesar, 45 BC (who restored the Pax Romana in the 40s BC after the civil wars)
• Caesar Augustus, February 5, 2 BC
• Gaius "Caligula", 37
• Claudius, January, 42
• Nero, 55
• Vespasianus, 70
• Titus, June, 79
• Domitianus, September 14, 81
• Nerva, September, 96
• Trajanus, 98
• Hadrianus, 128
• Antoninus Pius, 139
• Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, 166
• Commodus, 177
• Septimius Severus, 193
• "Caracalla", 199
• Macrinus, June, 217
• "Elagabalus", July, 218
• Gordian III, May, 238
• Probus, July, 276
• Diocletianus, November 20, 284
• Maximianus, April 1, 286
• Constantinus I, the Great, 307

For other uses, see Cicero (disambiguation). ... Lucius Sergius Catilina (110 BC?–62 BC), known in English as Catiline, was a Roman politician of the 1st century BC who is best known for the Catiline (or Catilinarian) conspiracy, an attempt to overthrow the Roman Republic, and in particular the power of the aristocratic Senate. ... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... The famous statue of Octavian at the Prima Porta Caesar Augustus (Latin:IMP·CAESAR·DIVI·F·AVGVSTVS) ¹ (23 September 63 BC–19 August AD 14), known to modern historians as Octavian for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, is considered the first and one of the most... is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC - 0s BC - 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 7 BC 6 BC 5 BC 4 BC 3 BC 2 BC 1 BC 1 2 3 4 Events Births Deaths Gaius and... This article is about the Roman emperor. ... For other persons named Claudius, see Claudius (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Nero (disambiguation). ... Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (born November 17, 9, died June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ... For other uses, see Titus (disambiguation). ... Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 – 18 September 96), commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor of the gens Flavia. ... is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Centuries: 1st century BC - 1st century - 2nd century Decades: 0s BC - 0s - 10s - 20s - 30s - 40s - 50s - 60s - 70s - 80s - 90s - 100s Years: 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 Events Domitian succeeds his brother Titus Flavius as emperor of the Roman Empire. ... For other uses, see Nerva (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Roman Emperor. ... Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (January 24, 76 –– July 10, 138), known as Hadrian in English, was emperor of Rome from 117 A.D. to 138 A.D., as well as a Stoic and Epicurean philosopher. ... Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus Pius (September 19, 86–March 7, 161) was Roman emperor from 138 to 161. ... Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (called the Wise) (April 26, 121[2] – March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. ... Lucius Ceionius Commodus Verus Armeniacus (December 15, 130 – 169), known simply as Lucius Verus, was Roman co-emperor with Marcus Aurelius (161–180), from 161 until his death. ... Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus (August 31, 161 – December 31, 192) was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 180 to 192 (also with Marcus Aurelius from 177 until 180). ... Lucius Septimius Severus (or rarely Severus I) (b. ... Caracalla (April 4, 186 – April 8, 217) was Roman Emperor from 211 – 217. ... Macrinus on an aureus. ... Elagabalus Elagabalus (c. ... Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius (January 20, 225 - February 11, 244), known in English as Gordian III, was Roman Emperor from 238 to 244. ... This antoninianus minted under Probus (c. ... Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (c. ... is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see number 284. ... Maximian Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius (c. ... is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year 286. ... Constantine. ...

Modern Fathers of their Fatherlands

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Father of the Nation

In the case of imitation of this Roman title after Antiquity, either the original Latin term, a translation in the appropriate language or both can be used.

The analogous modern phrase "Father of the Nation" implies less of a great contribution to the preservation and integrity of a state rather than a great role in the founding of a state.

The following is a list of "Fathers of their Fatherlands" or "Fathers of the Nation" after the classical era:

• Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj, first Prime Minister of then-Malaya is commonly known by his formal cognomen of "Bapa Kemerdekaan" (or Father of Independence) a title synonymous to that of Father of the Nation.^[3]
• Mustafa Kemal was given Atatürk as a surname by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey as a recognition of his being the Father of the Nation.^[4]
• José Gervasio Artigas is recognized as the "Father of Uruguayan independence"^[5]
• General Aung San is considered the founding father of modern day Myanmar (or Burma)^[6], although he was assassinated six months before Burmese independence from Great Britain. His daughter Aung San Suu Kyi is a Nobel Peace Prize winning democracy activist and icon for the Burmese people.
• Jonas Basanavičius is given the title of Patriarch of the Nation due to his merits in the Lithuanian National Revival.^{[citation needed]}
• Simon Bolivar: Independence hero of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia.^{[citation needed]}
• Charles IV is considered as the Father of the Homeland (Otec vlasti) as one of the most eminent rulers in the Czech history.^{[citation needed]} Czech politician and historiographer František Palacký is called Father of the Nation (Otec národa),^[7] and Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, the first president and the founder of Czechoslovakia, is often referred as Daddy (Tatíček).^[8]
• The Genoese admiral Andrea Doria, insigned of the title by Holy Roman Emperor Charles I of Spain.^{[citation needed]}
• Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is recognized as the Father of the Nation by the Indian government.^[9]
• Einar Gerhardsen, the post–World War II prime minister of Norway, is often referred to as the Father of the Nation ("Landsfaderen").^[10]
• Mohammad Ali Jinnah, officially Baba-e-Qaum literally meaning Father of the Nation as recognised by the Pakistan Government.^[11]
• The Florentine Renaissance ruler Cosimo de' Medici was granted the title.^{[citation needed]}
• Peter I of Russia was granted the title of Father of the Fatherland (Отец Отечества) in 1721 by the Senate of Russian Empire, together with the title of emperor.^[12]
• Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is considered Father of the Nation in Bangladesh for his leadership of the countries independence movement.^[13]
• José de San Martín is given the title of "Padre de la Patria" (standing for Father of the Nation) in Argentina.^{[citation needed]}
• Bernardo O'Higgins^{[citation needed]}, along with San Martín, was commander of the military forces that gained Chile's independance and was the first head of state of the fully independent Chilean nation.
• Mohammed Zahir Shah is considered as the Father of the Nation in Afghanistan^[14]
• José Rizal is considered as the Father of the Nation in Philippines
• Sun Yat-sen is officially the "Father of the Nation" (Chinese: 國父) in the Republic of China; in mainland China he is officially referred to as "Father of Modern China", but also commonly "Father of the Nation".^[15]
• Ante Starcevic was considered by the Croatian people as the Father of the Nation (Otac domovine) in Croatia.^[16] Many Croatians today do not recognize the communist leader Josip Broz Tito who included Croatia in the communist Yugoslavia which collapsed in 1991 with Croatia's independence.^{[citation needed]}
• Rembrandt Peale's portrait of George Washington, which is displayed in the Old Senate Chamber in the US Capitol, identifies Washington as "Patriae Pater."
• Willem van Oranje is considered as the Father of the Nation in The Netherlands.^[17]
• Gustaf Vasa is considered as the Father of the Nation in Sweden.^{[citation needed]}
• Yasser Arafat is considered as the Father of the Nation in Palestine.^{[citation needed]}
• Xanana Gusmão is considered as the Father of the Nation in East Timor.^{[citation needed]}
• Ibrahim Rugova is considered as the Father of the Nation in Kosovo.^{[citation needed]}
• Lee Kuan Yew led Singapore to independence and became the nation's first Prime Minister^[18]

Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah (February 8, 1903–December 6, 1990) usually known as the Tunku (a princely title in Malaysia), and also called Bapa Kemerdekaan (Father of Independence) or Bapa Malaysia (Father of Malaysia), was Chief Minister of the Federation of Malaya... The Federation of Malaya, or in Malay Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, was formed in 1948 from the British settlements of Penang and Malacca and the nine Malay states and replaced the Malayan Union. ... Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 – November 10, 1938), Turkish soldier and statesman, was the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. ... Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–November 10, 1938), Turkish army officer, revolutionary, and anti-imperialist statesman, was the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. ... The Grand National Assembly (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi in Turkish) is the unicameral parliament of Turkey which carries out legislative functions. ... José Gervasio Artigas (June 19, 1764 - September 23, 1850) was a national hero of Uruguay and is sometimes called the father of Uruguayan independence. This is an ironic turn of events, considering that during his life he never sought the absolute independence of Uruguay as a separate State, but the... General Aung San (Bogyoke Aung San in Burmese) (Burmese: ; MLCTS: ; IPA: ); February 13, 1915 – July 19, 1947) was a Burmese revolutionary, nationalist, general, and politician. ... Anthem: Kaba Ma Kyei Capital Naypyidaw , Largest city Yangon (Rangoon) Official languages Burmese Recognised regional languages Jingpho, Shan, Karen, Mon, Rakhine Demonym Burmese Government Military junta  -  Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Senior General Than Shwe  -  Vice Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Vice-Senior General... Aung San Suu Kyi (Burmese: ; MLCTS: ; IPA: ); born 19 June 1945 in Rangoon, is a pro-democracy activist and leader of the National League for Democracy in Burma, and a noted prisoner of conscience and advocate of nonviolent resistance. ... Dr. Jonas Basanavičius Dr. Jonas Basanavičius (23rd November 1851, Ozkabaliai - 16th February 1927, Vilnius) - Ideologist of Lithuanias national revival movement, founder of newspaper AuÅ¡ra (The dawn), which was the first prohibited newspaper of national revival. ... Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios (July 24, 1783 – December 17, 1830) was a South American revolutionary leader. ... Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor. ... FrantiÅ¡ek Palacký (June 14, 1798 Hodslavice, Moravia, today Czech Republic – May 26, 1876), Czech historian and politician. ... Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (sometimes called Thomas Masaryk in English) (March 7, 1850 - September 14, 1937) advocated Czechoslovak independence and became the first President of Czechoslovakia. ... For other uses, see President (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Genoa (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Andrea Doria (disambiguation). ... Charles (February 24, 1500 – September 21, 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor (as Charles V) from 1519-1558; he was also King of Spain from 1516_1556, officially as Charles I of Spain, although often referred to as Charles V (Carlos Quinto or Carlos V) in Spain and Latin America. ... Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869–January 30, 1948) (Devanagari : मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी, Gujarati મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી) was a national icon who led the struggle for Indias independence from British colonial rule, empowered by tens of millions of common Indians. ... ...   (born on May 10, 1897 - September 19, 1987) was a Norwegian politician from the Labour Party of Norway. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... office: 1st Governor-General of Pakistan Term of office: August 14, 1947 – September 11, 1948 Succeeded by: Khawaja Nazimuddin Date of birth: December 25, 1876 Place of birth: Wazir Mansion, Karachi Wives: Emibai 1892–1893, Rattanbai Petit 1918–1929 Children: daughter Dina Wadia Date of Death: September 11, 1948 Place... The Constitution of Pakistan provides for a Federal Parliamentary System of government, with a President as the Head of State and an indirectly-elected Prime Minister as the chief executive. ... Florence (or Firenze, Florentia and Fiorenza) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany, and of the province of Florence. ... Jacopo Pontormo: posthumous portrait of Cosimo de Medici, 1518-1519: the laurel branch, il Broncone, was an impresa used also by his heirs. ... Peter the Great or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov (Russian: Пётр I Алексеевич Pyotr I Alekse`yevich, Пётр Великий Pyotr Veli`kiy) (9 June 1672 – 8 February 1725 [30 May 1672–28 January 1725 O.S.][1]) ruled Russia from 7 May (27 April O.S.) 1682 until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his... Year 1721 (MDCCXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... An emperorrefers to Nick Herringshaw, a title, empress may only indicate the wife of an emperor (empress consort. ... Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Bangla: শেখ মুজিবর রহমান Shekh Mujibur Rôhman) (March 17, 1920 – August 15, 1975) was a Bengali political leader in East Pakistan and the founding leader of Bangladesh. ... Combatants Mukti Bahini India Pakistan Commanders Col. ... José Francisco de San Martín Matorras, also known as José de San Martín (25 February 1778 – 17 August 1850), was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South Americas successful struggle for independence from Spain. ... Bernardo OHiggins Riquelme (August 20, 1778 – October 24, 1842), South American independence leader, was one of the commanders – together with José de San Martín – of the military forces that freed Chile from Spanish rule in the Chilean War of Independence. ... Insert non-formatted text here Mohammed Zahir Shah (16 October 1914 – 23 July 2007) was the last King (Shah) of Afghanistan, reigning for four decades, from 1933 to 1973. ... For places, institutions and objects named after this person, see Rizal (disambiguation). ... Dr. Sun Yat-sen Traditional Chinese: 孫中山; Pinyin: SÅ«n Zhōngshān; or Sun Yixian (Pinyin: SÅ«n Yìxiān) (November 12, 1866 – March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the father of modern China. Sun played an instrumental role in the... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... ... Ante Starčević ( 1823- 1896) was a Croatian politician in the times of the Kingdom of Hungary. ... Tito redirects here. ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in the Latin alphabet, Југославија in Cyrillic; English: South Slavia, or literary The Land of South Slavs) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe, during most of the 20th century. ... Self-Portrait - Rembrandt Peale Rembrandt Peale (22 February 1778 - 3 October 1860) was a United States Neoclassical painter. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... William of Orange (French: Guillaume, Dutch: Willem) is the name of several historical people. ... Motto: Je Maintiendrai (Dutch: Ik zal handhaven, English: I Shall Uphold) Anthem: Wilhelmus van Nassouwe Capital Amsterdam1 Largest city Amsterdam Official language(s) Dutch2 Government Parliamentary democracy Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Beatrix  - Prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende Independence Eighty Years War   - Declared July 26, 1581   - Recognised January 30, 1648 (by Spain... Not to be confused with Yasir Arafat (cricketer). ... A 2003 satellite image of the region. ... Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão GCL (born José Alexandre Gusmão, on June 20, 1946) is a former militant who was the first President of East Timor, serving from May 2002 to May 2007. ... Prof. ... For other uses, see Kosovo (disambiguation). ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is 李 (Li) Lee Kuan Yew, GCMG, CH (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; born September 16, 1923; also spelled Lee Kwan-Yew), was the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from 1959 to 1990. ... The Priminster of Singa pyohbsdg vjhd|Lee Kuan Yew||3 June 1959 || 28 November 1990 || 1968 GE 94. ...

Mother of the Nation

A number of women have also been granted the title. Bellow is a list of "Mothers of the Nation" in modern times.

• Inés de Suárez,^{[citation needed]} who participated in the Conquest of Chile and successfully defended Santiago against an attack of Native Americans in 1541, has been called "Mother of the Country".
• Fatima Jinnah, a prominent Pakistani political leader is considered Pakistan's Mother of the Nation.^{[citation needed]} The major opposition candidate in the 1965 Presidential election, she is widely believed to have won the presidency by historians,^{[citation needed]} which was also the popular opinion of the world community at the time. It seemed the dictator Ayub Khan rigged elections in his favor, but Jinnah remained one of Pakistan's top political figures.^{[citation needed]}
• Soong Ching-ling was the second wife of Sun Yat-sen, Father of the Nation of modern China.^{[citation needed]} A large age difference separated the couple, and for decades after his death Miss Soong remained, along with her sisters, one of China's most prominent and powerful politicians. She served as Vice Chairman of China under Mao Zedong, as Chairman of the People's Republic of China from 1968 to 1972, and as President again in 1981, shortly before her death and the passing of the new constitution.
• Leading South African politician, activist, and former wife of Nelson Mandela, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, has been called "Mother of the Nation"^{[citation needed]}
• Incumbent Queen of Thailand Sirikit is "Mother of the Land" or Mother of the Nation" in her country.^{[citation needed]}
• Judy Bailey former news presenter for ONE News, the highest rated evening television news programme in New Zealand, has been called the "Mother of the Nation".

Inés Suárez Inés de Suárez (c. ... Santiago is one of the names and/or surnames by which Saint James is known in the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking world. ... For other uses, see Native Americans (disambiguation). ... Events The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile. ... Fatima Jinnah (Urdu: فاطمہ جناح) (July 30, 1893 — July 8, 1967) was the sister of Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan and an active political figure in movement for independence from the British Raj. ... In recent history, the Pakistani political processess have taken place in the framework of a federal republic, where the system of government has at times been parliamentary, presidential, or semi-presidential. ... Presidential elections were held in Pakistan on 2 January 1965. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... This article is about a Pakistani military officer. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A politician is an individual who is a formally recognized and active member of a government, or a person who influences the way a society is governed through an understanding of political power and group dynamics. ... Soong Ching-ling, or Madame Sun Yat-sen, the one who loved China Soong Ching-ling (Simplified Chinese: 宋庆龄; Traditional Chinese: 宋慶齡; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Sung Ching-ling) (January 27, 1893 - May 29, 1981) was one of the Soong sisters—three sisters whose husbands were amongst Chinas most... Dr. Sun Yat-sen Traditional Chinese: 孫中山; Pinyin: SÅ«n Zhōngshān; or Sun Yixian (Pinyin: SÅ«n Yìxiān) (November 12, 1866 – March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the father of modern China. Sun played an instrumental role in the... A photograph of the three Soong sisters together. ... The Vice President of the Peoples Republic of China is a senior position in the government of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Mao redirects here. ... The President of the Peoples Republic of China (Simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国主席; Pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó ZhÇ”xí, or abbreviated Guójiā ZhÇ”xí 国家主席) is the head of state of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... AUGUST 25 1981 US Marine Sean Vance is Born on the 25th of August {ear nav|1981}} Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... For other people named Mandela, or other uses, see Mandela. ... Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (born September 26, 1936 as Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela) is a former South African politician who has held several government positions and headed the African National Congress Womens League. ... King Bhumibol and Queen Sirikit on their coronation day This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Judy Bailey Judy Bailey (born 1953) is a former news presenter for ONE News, the highest rated evening television news programme in New Zealand. ... ONE News One News is the news-service produced by Television New Zealand. ...

See also

• Founding Fathers
• Victory title

“Founders” redirects here. ... A victory title is an honorific title adopted by a successful military commander to commemorate his defeat of an enemy nation. ...

References