Patrice de Mac-Mahon, duc de Magenta President of France, 1873-1879

Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de Mac-Mahon, duc de Magenta, Marshal of France (July 13, 1808 - October 16, 1893) was a Frenchman of Irish descent. He served as Chief of State of France from 1873 to 1875 and as the first President of the Third French Republic from 1875 to 1879. To date, he and Charles de Gaulle(his maternal grandmother being a McCartan) are the only people of Irish descent to have served as a head of state in Continental Europe. Re-uploaded Mac. ... Re-uploaded Mac. ... John MacMahon, an Irish doctor born in Limerick, was naturalised in France in 1749 and married Charlotte Le Belin, dame dEguilly, on 13 April 1750. ... The Marshal of France (maréchal de France) was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France. ... July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... 1808 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in Leap years). ... 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Motto: French: Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité (English: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity) Anthem: La Marseillaise Capital Paris 48°51′ N 2°20′ E Largest city Paris Official language French1 Government  â€¢ President  â€¢ Prime Minister Unitary republic Jacques Chirac Dominique de Villepin Formation 843 (Treaty of Verdun) (5th Republic: 1958) Accession to the EU March... 1873 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calaber). ... 1875 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The French Third Republic, (in French, Troisième Republique, sometimes written as IIIème Republique) (1870/75-1940/46), was the governing body of France between the Second French Empire and the Fourth Republic. ... 1875 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the Continent, refers to the continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European islands and peninsulae. ...

Born in Sully (near Autun), in the département of Saône-et-Loire, Patrice de Mac-Mahon was the 16th of 17 children of a family already in the French nobility (his grandfather was named Marquis d'Equilly by King Louis XV, and the family in France had decidedly royalist politics). Sully is a commune of the Saône-et-Loire département, in France. ... Autun is a town in the Saône-et-Loire département in Burgundy, France. ... The départements (or departments) are administrative units of France, roughly analogous to British counties. ... Saône-et-Loire is a French département, named after the Saône and the Loire rivers between which it lies. ... Louis XV (February 16, 1710 – May 10, 1774), called the Well-Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1715 to 1774. ...

His ancestors settled in France from County Limerick (although they were originally from County Clare) during the reign of James II, owing to the Penal Laws. They applied for naturalization in 1749. Limerick (Luimneach in Irish) is an Irish county in the province of Munster, located in the Mid-west of Ireland with County Clare to the north, County Cork to the south and County Kerry to the west. ... County Clare (Contae an Chláir in Irish) is in the Irish province of Munster. ... James II of England and VII of Scotland (14 October 1633–16 September 1701) became King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 6 February 1685. ... In the most general sense, penal is the body of laws that are enforced by the State in its own name and impose penalties for their violation, as opposed to civil law that seeks to redress private wrongs. ... Naturalization is the act whereby a person voluntarily and actively acquires a nationality which is not his or her nationality at birth. ... Events While in debtors prison, John Cleland writes Fanny Hill (Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure). ...

Patrice de Mac-Mahon was educated at the College of Louis Le Grand and at the Academy of St-Cyr, graduating in 1827. The Lycée Louis_le_Grand, in Paris is one of the most famous lycées providing classes for preparing for grandes écoles. ... The École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM, Special Military School of St Cyr) is the foremost French military academy. ... Naval Battle of Navarino by Carneray 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

French statesman and marshal Patrice de Mac-Mahon, duc de Magenta

He served in the Army as aide-de-camp to General Achard, and went to the campaign in Algiers in 1830. He stayed in Algeria from 1834-1854, and was wounded during an assault on Constantine in 1837. He became commander of the Foreign Legion in 1843, and was promoted to Division General in 1852. This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Map of Algeria showing Algiers province Algiers (French Alger, (Arabic: ولاية الجزائر) El-Jazair, The Islands) is the capital and largest city of Algeria in North Africa. ... Constantine or Qusantînah (Arabic: قسنطينة ) is the capital of Constantine Province (ولاية قسنطينة ) in north-east Algeria, slightly inland, at about 80 kilometers from the coast. ... The French Foreign Legion (French: Légion Étrangère) is a unique unit within the French Army established in 1831. ...

In the Crimean War, he distinguished himself in the Battle of Malakoff at Sevastopol (September 8, 1855), during which he reputedly uttered the famous quotation now attributed to him: J'y suis, j'y reste ("Here I am, here I stay"). He was offered the top French Army post after the war but declined, preferring to return to Algeria. Combatants United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Second French Empire, Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Sardinia Imperial Russia Strength 250,000 British 400,000 French 10,000 Sardinian 1,200,000 Russian Casualties 17,500 British 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 2,050 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of... The Battle of Malakoff was fought on September 7, 1855 and resulted in a French victory under General MacMahon against the Russians. ... Sevastopol (Russian and Ukrainian: Севастополь; Crimean Tatar: ), formerly known as Sebastopol, is a port city in Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast of Crimean peninsula. ... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

He was appointed to the French Senate in 1856. The Senate amphitheater in the Luxembourg Palace The Senate (in French :le Sénat) is the upper house of the Parliament of France. ...

He fought in the Austro-Sardinian War as commander of the Second Corps ("Army of Italy"). He secured the French victory at Magenta (June 4, 1859) and rose to the rank of marshal while in the field. He was later named "duc de Magenta" by Napoleon III as a result. Major places of the Austro-Sardinian war 1859 Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and Kingdom of Sardinia against Austria in 1859. ... The Battle of Magenta was fought on June 4, 1859 during the Franco-Austria, resulting in a French victory under Louis-Napoleon against the Austrians under General Gyulai. ... June 4 is the 155th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (156th in leap years), with 210 days remaining. ... 1859 (MDCCCLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... Marshal (also sometimes spelled marshall in American English, but not in British English) is a word used in several official titles of various branches of society. ... John MacMahon, an Irish doctor born in Limerick, was naturalised in France in 1749 and married Charlotte Le Belin, dame dEguilly, on 13 April 1750. ... Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (20 April 1808- 9 January 1873) was President of France from 1849 to 1852, and then Emperor of the French under the name Napoléon III from 1852 to 1870. ...

He served as Governor-General of Algeria from September 1, 1864, returning at the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, during which he led an Alsatian army unit (although attrition throughout the war led to men from other areas being added to this). This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Capital Strasbourg Land area¹ 8,280 km² Regional President Adrien Zeller (UMP) (since 1996) Population  - Jan. ...

In the Franco-Prussian War Mac-Mahon commanded the I and V French Corps on the Rhine Army's Southern line. On August 4th the Prussian 3rd Army attacked the Southern line, and immediately won the border city of Wissembourg from the French; quickly moving onto capture the city of Woerth two days later. Wissembourg (German: Weißenburg) is a small town and commune situated on the border between France and Germany, in the Alsace région, approximately 60 km north of Strasbourg. ... Combatants Prussia Baden Bavaria Württemberg France Commanders Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Patrice MacMahon Strength 88,000 50,000 Casualties 10,000 dead, wounded, or missing 11,000 dead or wounded 9,000 captured {{{notes}}} The Battle of Wœrth, also known as the Battle of Reichshoffen or as the...

After less than a week of fighting, the entire French Rhine Army's Southern line couldn't withstand the Prussian aggression and retreated West, further into French territory. The Prussians were relentless. The Prussian 3rd Army was capturing town after town, while their defeated opponents I and V Corps hastily retreated to Chalon-s.-Marne making sure to stay out of the way of the advancing Prussians by heading southwest while the Prussians drove West.

Mac-Mahon lefts his Corps and with Napoleon III led the 120,000 strong remnants of the French Rhine army (I, VII, XII Corps). They began marching from Chalons-s.-Marne North/Northeast, in an attempt to rally the besieged army at Metz over 130 km to the East. But the Prussian 3rd Army advance was incredible; in less than 3 weeks the army covered over 325 km, and intercepted the French army along the Meuse River, and for three days battled it (August 29 to 31), forcing the French to fall to Sedan. Meanwhile, the Prussians had created a 4th Army, and marched the it to the southern flank of Sedan, while the 3rd Army dug in North of Sedan. Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (April 20, 1808 - January 9, 1873) was the son of King Louis Bonaparte and Queen Hortense de Beauharnais; both monarchs of the French puppet state, the Kingdom of Holland. ... Siege of Metz Conflict Franco-Prussian War Date September 3 – October 23, 1870 Place Metz, France Result Decisive Prussian victory The Siege of Metz lasting from September 3 – October 23, 1870 was a crushing defeat for the French during the Franco-Prussian War. ... Meuse is a département in northeast France, named after the Meuse River. ... A Ford Taurus, a recognizable sedan. ...

On September 1, 1870, the Prussians thus laid siege to the city of Sedan. Standing at the gates was a powerful force of 200,000 Prussian soldiers under the prolific General Helmuth von Moltke. MacMahon was highly indecisive, allowing the Germans to move in reinforcements to completely encircle Sedan. 1870 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Graf Moltke Helmuth Karl Bernhard von Moltke (October 26, 1800 - April 24, 1891), who became Helmuth, Graf von Moltke in 1870, was a famous Prussian Field Marshal. ...

Mac-Mahon was wounded and command passed to General De Wimpffen who announced the surrender of the French army. On September 2. Napolean III surrendered, along with his remaining 83,000 French troops (Battle of Sedan). The Battle of Sedan was fought during the Franco-Prussian War on September 1, 1870. ...

When the Paris Commune was suppressed in May 1871, Mac-Mahon led the Versailles troops. The French army spent eight days massacring workers, shooting civilians on sight. Tens of thousands of Communards and workers are summarily executed (as many as 30,000); 38,000 others imprisoned and 7,000 are forcibly deported. Le Père Duchesne face to the statue of Napoleon I on top of the Vendome column: Eh ben ! bougre de canaille, on va donc te foutre en bas comme ta crapule de neveu !… (Here! savage rascal, we will put you down just as your crook of a nephew!… The... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

As president of France, he controversially dismissed the republican Prime Minister, replacing him with a known monarchist, before dissolving the French National Assembly on May 16, 1877 in an effort to halt the rise of Republicanism and boost the prospects of a restoration of the monarchy under the Comte de Chambord. Sir Robert Walpole, the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ... The Palais Bourbon, front The French National Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale) is one of the two houses of the bicameral Parliament of France under the Fifth Republic. ... May 16 is the 136th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (137th in leap years). ... 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Republicanism is the idea of a nation being governed as a republic. ... Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonne, Comte de Chambord (September 29, 1820 - August 24, 1883) was the grandson of King Charles X of France, the posthumous son of Charless younger son Charles, Duc de Berry, who had been assassinated several months before Henris birth. ...

The Assembly having (November 9, 1873) fixed his term of office at seven years, he declared in a speech delivered February 4, 1874, that he would know how to make the legally established order of things respected for seven years. Preferring to remain above party, he rather assisted at than took part in the proceedings which, in January and February 1875, led up to the passage of the fundamental laws finally establishing the Republic as the legal government of France. And yet Mac-Mahon writes in his still unpublished memoirs: "By family tradition, and by the sentiments towards the royal house which were instilled in me by my early education, I could not be anything but a Legitimist." He felt some repugnance, too, in forming, in 1876 the Dufaure and the Jules Simon cabinets, in which the Republican element was represented. Jules Armand Dufaure, French statesman Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure (December 4, 1798 - June 28, 1881) was a French statesman. ... Jules Simon, French politician Jules François Simon (December 27, 1814 - June 8, 1896) was a French statesman and philosopher. ...

When the episcopal charges of the Bishops of Poitiers, Nimes, and Nevers, recommending the case of the captive Pope Pius IX to the sympathy of the French Government, were met by a resolution in the Chamber, proposed by the Left, that the Government be requested "to repress Ultramontane manifestations" (May 4, 1877), Mac-Mahon, twelve days later, asked Jules Simon to resign, summoned to power a Conservative ministry under the Duc de Broglie, persuaded the Senate to dissolve the Chamber, and travelled through the country to assure the success of the Conservatives in the elections, protesting at the same time that he did not wish to overturn the Republic. However, the elections of October 14 resulted in a majority of 120 for the Left; the de Broglie ministry resigned November 19, and the president formed a Left cabinet under Dufaure. He retained his office until 1878, so as to allow the Exposition Universelle to take place in political peace, and then, the senatorial elections of January 5, 1879, having brought another victory to the Left, Mac-Mahon found a pretext to resign (January 30, 1879), and Jules Grévy succeeded him. Location within France Poitiers (population 85,000) is a small city located in west central France. ... Nîmes is a city and commune of southern France, préfecture (capital) of the Gard département. ... Nevers is a commune of central France, the préfecture (capital) of the Nièvre département, in the former province of Nivernais. ... Father Mastai-Ferretti was made Archbishop of Spoleto in 1827, at the age of 35. ... Albert, duc de Broglie, French politician Jacques-Victor-Albert, 4th duc de Broglie (June 13, 1821–January 19, 1901), was a French monarchist politician. ... The third Paris Worlds Fair, called an Exposition Universelle in French was held in 1878 and celebrated the recovery of France after the crushing defeat of the 1870 Franco-Prussian War. ... Jules Grévy, painted by Léon Bonnat François Paul Jules Grévy (August 15, 1813 - September 9, 1891) was a President of the French Third Republic. ...

This soldier was not made for politics. "I have remained a soldier", he says in his memoirs, "and I can conscientiously say that I have not only served one government after another loyally, but, when they fell, have regretted all of them with the single exception of my own." In his voluntary retirement he carried with him the esteem of all parties: Jules Simon, who did not love him, and whom he did not love, afterwards called him "a great captain, a great citizen, and a righteous man" (un grand capitaine, un grand citoyen et un homme de bien). His presidency may be summed up in two words: on the one hand, he allowed the Republic to establish itself; on the other hand, so far as his lawful prerogatives permitted, he retarded the political advance of parties hostile to the Catholic church, convinced that the triumph of Radicalism would be to the detriment of France. The last fourteen years of his life were passed in retirement, quite removed from political interests.

He died at Montcresson, Loiret in 1893. He was buried, with national honours, in the crypt of the Invalides. Montcresson is a commune of the Loiret département, in France. ... Loiret is a département in north-central France named after the Loiret River. ...

A caricature of Adolphe Thiers charging on the Paris Commune, published in Le Père Duchêne illustré Louis Adolphe Thiers (April 16, 1797–September 3, 1877) was a French statesman and historian. ... The President of France, known officially as the President of the Republic (Président de la République in French), is Frances elected Head of State. ... Jules Grévy, painted by Léon Bonnat François Paul Jules Grévy (August 15, 1813 - September 9, 1891) was a President of the French Third Republic. ...

Quotes

Patrice de Mac-Mahon is remembered in France due to several quotes often attributed, probably correctly, to him.

• Concerning the floods of the Garonne river of 1875, in Montauban he exclained "so much water! so much water" (Que d'eau ! Que d'eau !).

• After the Republicans' victory in the elections of 1877, Gambetta told him to "submit or resign ( se soumettre ou se démettre) to which Mac-Mahon replied: "I'm here. I'm staying here! (J'y suis. J'y reste !)

• As he was reviewing some troops, after he had been told that one of the soldiers was of African ancestry, he remarked "Ah, so you're the negro ? Very well, carry on !" (Ah c'est vous le nègre ? Très bien, continuez !)

• On typhoid fever: "Typhoide fever is a terrible sickness. Either you die from it or you remain idiotic from it. And I know what I'm talking about, I had it." (La fièvre typhoïde est une maladie terrible. Ou on en meurt, ou on en reste idiot. Et je sais de quoi je parle, je l'ai eue.)

The Garonne (Occitan: Garona) is a river in southwest France, with a length of 575 km (357 miles). ... 1875 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Montauban (Montalban in Occitan) is a town and commune of southwestern France, préfecture (capital) of the Tarn-et-Garonne département, 31 miles north of Toulouse. ... Painting of Léon Gambetta by Léon Bonnat Léon Gambetta (April 2, 1838 - December 31, 1882), French statesman, was born at Cahors. ... This is about the disease typhoid fever. ...

See also

• Irish Brigade (French)
• Flight of the Wild Geese

The Irish Brigade was a brigade in the French army composed of Irish exiles. ... The Flight of the Wild Geese refers to the depature of an Irish army under the command of Patrick Sarsfield from Ireland to France, as agreed in the Treaty of Limerick on October 3, 1691, following the Williamite war in Ireland with the Jacobites. ...

External link

• http://www.limerick.com/history/marshallmcmahon.html

This article incorporates text from the public domain Catholic Encyclopedia. The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Catholic Encyclopedia (also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia today) is an English-language encyclopedia published in 1913 by the The Encyclopedia Press, designed to give authoritative information on the entire cycle of Catholic interests, action and doctrine. // History The writing of the encyclopedia began on January 11...