Patrick Kavanagh (Irish: Pádraig Caomhánach) (21 October 1904 - 30 November 1967) was an Irish poet. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ... Inniskeen is a small village in County Monaghan close to the Louth and Armagh borders. ... Statistics Province: Ulster County Town: Monaghan Code: MN Area: 1,294 km² Population (2006) 55,816 Website: www. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Dublin (disambiguation). ... This article is about work. ... A writer is anyone who creates a written work, although the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... In English usage, nationality is the legal relationship between a person and a country. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... A literary genre is one of the divisions of literature into genres according to particular criteria such as literary technique, tone, or content. ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... The poor poet A poet is a person who writes poetry. ...

Birth and early life

Kavanagh was born in Mucker, Inniskeen, County Monaghan in 1904. His father was a shoemaker, and Patrick also entered the trade after leaving school. Kavanagh never got beyond 6th class, he once said "I majored in kicking a rag ball", but his education continued as he sat at his father's side and as he carried out the routine chores on their farm. For twenty years he lived a life as an ordinary young Irish farmer of the period, toiling for pocket money in fields he expected some day to inherit. Like all the other local farmers, he bought and sold at fairs and markets, went to Sunday Mass, attended wakes, funerals and weddings of neighbours, played pitch and toss at the crossroads, cycled to dances. He was also goalkeeper for the Inniskeen Gaelic football team. It was through these every day moments that something of life revealed itself to Kavanagh. Inniskeen is a small village in County Monaghan close to the Louth and Armagh borders. ... Statistics Province: Ulster County Town: Monaghan Code: MN Area: 1,294 km² Population (2006) 55,816 Website: www. ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ... Shoemaking is a traditional career/craft, mostly superseded by industrial manufacture of footwear. ... For other uses, see Farmer (disambiguation). ... Mass is the term used of the celebration of the Eucharist in the various liturgical rites of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglo-Catholic tradition of Anglicanism, and in some Lutheran regions which are largely High Church: the main Lutheran service is still known as the... Pitch and Toss is a simple coin game, known by this name in Britain since at least the 18th century. ... A football goalkeeper leaves the ground to parry a shot on goal In many team sports, a goalkeeper (termed goaltender, netminder, goalie, or keeper in some sports) is a designated player that is charged with directly preventing the opposite team from scoring by defending the goal. ... Gaelic Football (Irish: Peil, Peil Gaelach or Caid ), commonly referred to as football, or Gaelic , is a form of football played mainly in Ireland. ...

Kavanagh began writing verses at a young age. He began submitting poems to local and national newspapers. He became increasingly dissatisfied with life as a small farmer, and in 1938 he left Inniskeen for London and remained there for about five months. In 1939 he finally settled in Dublin. Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Inniskeen is a small village in County Monaghan close to the Louth and Armagh borders. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Dublin (disambiguation). ...

Early work and recognition

When in Dublin, Kavanagh worked as a journalist, writing a gossip column in the then Irish Press from 1942 to 1944 and acted as film critic for that same publication from 1945 to 1949. His rural background was reflected in his first volume of poems, “’’The Ploughman and Other Poems’’” which was published in 1936 and two years later “’’The Green Fool’’”, which is variously described as autobiographical or Stage Irish biography. By the early 1940s his poems were beginning to attract attention of the literacy circle and in 1942 ‘’The Great Hunger’’, which is probably his most revered work, appeared. ‘’The Great Hunger’’ however did not enjoy unanimous or universal approval and all copies of ‘’The Horizan’’ literary magazinein which it was published were seized by Irish police on the order of the Minister for Justice because the work was an overt and scything attack on the sexual and religious oppression of the Catholic Church on rural Ireland and considered obscene. Today, it is considered to be the work of genius. His classic novel ‘’Tarry Flynn’’ was published in 1948, also banned in Ireland, was a very true to life account of rural life and would later be made into a play and performed in the Abbey Theatre in 1966. Until this day it still continues to be one of classics of the Irish stage. For other uses, see Dublin (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Journalist (disambiguation). ... Gossip column A gossip column is an article in a newspaper or magazine written by a gossip columnist. ... The Irish Press was an Irish newspaper published by Irish Press plc between 1931 and 1995. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. ... A member of the motorcycle unit of the Garda Síochána. ... The Minister for Justice is the head of the Scottish Executive Justice Department and is a cabinet position in the devolved Government of Scotland. ... This article is about the literary concept. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the Abbey Theatre, Dublin. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ...

Later career and death

In 1954 two major events changed Kavanagh's life: firstly he embarked on a libel action and ended up being defeated, then shortly after he lost the action (which was subsequently won on appeal) he was diagnosed with lung cancer and was admitted to hospital where he had a lung removed. It was while recovering from this operation by relaxing on the banks of the Grand Canal in Dublin that Kavanagh rediscovered his poetic vision, he began to appreciate nature and his surroundings and took his inspiration from this for much of his latter poetry, and a new phase of poetry followed. Kavanagh was now receiving the acclaim, which he had always felt he deserved. He gave lectures at UCD and in the USA and he also began publishing his own magazine, "Kavanagh’s Weekly" which ran to some 16 editions. He represented Ireland at literature symposia and became a judge of the Guinness Poetry Awards. Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... In English and American law, and systems based on them, libel and slander are two forms of defamation (or defamation of character), which is the tort or delict of making a false statement of fact that injures someones reputation. ... In law, an appeal is a process for making a formal challenge to an official decision. ... Lung cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. ... Human respiratory system The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ... The word operation can mean any of several things: The method, act, process, or effect of using a device or system. ... The Grand Canal in Dublin. ... For other uses, see Dublin (disambiguation). ... UCD can refer to: University College Dublin or their association football club University College Dublin FC Democratic Center Union University of California, Davis User-centered design The Universal Child Database, a government database in the United Kingdom. ...

Kavanagh took ill at the opening performance of "Tarry Flynn" at the Abbey Theatre and he died later that week in a Dublin nursing home on November 30th 1967. This article is about the Abbey Theatre, Dublin. ... For other uses, see Dublin (disambiguation). ... Rest home for seniors in Český Těšín, Czech Republic SNF redirects here. ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ...

Style and themes

Language

Kavanagh's use of language is a vital ingredient in his work in attempting to create a sense of the mystery and magic of a child's mind. Kavanagh uses words in a new and imergerating fashion. He uses Neologism, the creation or coinage of new words, is a common element in Kavanagh's language. He achieves this by joining two or more existing words together in a hyphenated form to create a new word, for example ‘ "clod-conceived"; "thick-tongued"; "green-life-conquering". Kavanagh also creates new words by coining adverbs and adjectives from existing nouns. Again the effect is to create a sense of mystery and wonder. In "Lines Written" words such as 'stilly', 'greeny', 'Niagariously' and 'Parnassian' represent this feature of Kavanagh's language. Related to this is Kavanagh's habit of combining existing words to form a new one. In "Advent", the word 'dreeping' is a fusion of the words dripping and creeping which is designed to create in the mind of the reader the qualities of both words. Words like these reflect the creativity not just of Kavanagh, but of the uninhabited mind of the child. Look up mystery in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up magic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A neologism is a word, term, or phrase which has been recently created (or coined), often to apply to new concepts, to synthesize pre-existing concepts, or to make older terminology sound more contemporary. ...

Nyperbole

This is a further feature of Kavanagh's language which reflects the powers of his imagination. In "Lines Written..." Kavanagh speaks of -: "The tremendous silence of mid-July"; he states that the water is moved through the lock Niagarously, that fantastic light looks through the eyes of bridges, that the towns dotted along the banks of the canal produce mythologies. He suggests that the canal boats are Parnassian islands. In "Canal Bank", hyperbole is also evident in phrases such as delirious beat, fabulous grass and gaping need. In "Inniskeen Road", the comparison with Alexander Selkirk leads him to consider Inniskeen Road as "a mile of kingdom". "Advent" contains many examples of hyperbole -: "The spirit-shocking wonder in a black slanting Ulster hill", "the luxury of a child's soul". Mythologies is the title of a book by Roland Barthes (ISBN 0374521506), published in 1957. ... The Parnassians were a group of 19th-century French poets, so called from their journal, the Parnasse contemporain, itself named after Mount Parnassus, home of the Muses in Greek mythology. ... Alexander Selkirk, born Alexander Selcraig, (1676–13 December 1721) was a Scottish sailor who spent four years as a castaway on an uninhabited island; it is probable that his travails provided the inspiration for Defoes Robinson Crusoe. ... This article is about the nine-county Irish province. ...

Allusion

Kavanagh's use of allusion is a very important aspect of his language. In "Stony Grey Soil", he refers to the poise and stride of Apollo. In "Advent" he alludes to the nativity-: "old stables where Time begins". Colloquial language is an intrinsic element of Kavanagh's style. His phraseology is conversational and many of his phrases owe their origin to his Monaghan background-: "Among descent men to who burrow dung", "he stared at me half eyed" and "every blooming thing". Allusion is a figure of speech, in which one refers covertly or indirectly to an object or circumstance that has occurred or existed in an external content. ... For other uses, see Apollo (disambiguation). ... Statistics Province: Ulster County Town: Monaghan Code: MN Area: 1,294 km² Population (2006) 55,816 Website: www. ...

Structure

Kavanagh's poem's ability of the sonnet form which is a structural feature of "Inniskeen Road", "Advent", "Lines Written..." and Canal Bank Walk". In "Inniskeen Road", Kavanagh combines features of the Patriarchal and Shakespearean forms. Stanzaic pattern reflects the Patriarchal subdivision of a sonnet to an octet and sestet. In the octet a picture is painted by the poet and the problems are posed. The poets own personal response is contained in the sestet. The opening stanza can be subdivided into two quatrains each containing a separate picture of Monaghan life. The sestet also can be divided into a quatrain and couplet, therefore mirroring the Shakespearean division into three quatrains followed by a rhyming couplet. The rhyme scheme of the poem is also Shakespearean-: abab, cdcd, efef, gg. "Advent" represents Kavanagh's particular use of the sonnet form. The poem is an amalgam of two sonnets. The stanzaic pattern is neither Patriarchal nor Shakespearean. The opening two stanzas each contain seven lines with the third stanza representing an entire sonnet. The division of the sonnet into two septets is unusual and Kavanagh formulates a rhyme scheme to parallel this-: aabbccbd, aab, aacc. Stanza three is again different as Kavanagh reverts to the Shakespearean rhyming technique -: abab, cded, fgfg, hh. The thought pattern of the third stanza follows that set out by the opening two stanza with a natural pause occurring at the end of the seventeenth line. The reason why Kavanagh does not create a fourth stanza is that the rhythm of the third stanza reflects the excitement that Kavanagh associates with having rediscovered "the luxury of a child's soul". The three stanzas in the poem reflects the three stages in Kavanagh's bid to regain this position - penance, forgiveness and grace. Francesco Petrarca, or Petrarch, one of the best-known early Italian sonnet writers. ... A patriarch (from Greek: patria means father; arché means rule, beginning, origin) is a male head of an extended family exercising autocratic authority, or, by extension, a member of the ruling class or government of a society controlled by senior men. ... William Shakespeare—born April 1564; baptised April 26, 1564; died April 23, 1616 (O.S.), May 3, 1616 (N.S.)—has a reputation as the greatest of all writers in English. ... Look up octet in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... [[]]A Sestet is the name given to the second division of a sonnet, which must consist of an octave, of eight lines, succeeded by a sestet, of six lines. ... A quatrain is a poem or a stanza within a poem that consists of four lines. ... For the Angel episode, see Couplet (Angel episode). ... In poetry, a stanza is a unit within a larger poem. ... For other uses, see Penance (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Forgiveness (disambiguation). ... Look up grace in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

"Lines Written..." is fashioned completely in the Patriarchal style. Both the thought pattern and the rhyming scheme follow an octet-sestet sublimation. "Stony Grey Soil" and "Memory..." are reminiscent of ballad technique in that they each feature four line stanzas, however, Kavanagh doesn't stick rigidly to the rhyming schemes of the ballad again displaying his ability to individualise a fashion or feature.

Themes

Religion is a dominant feature in Kavanagh's poetry both as a theme and as source of imagery. Religion features thematically in "Advent", "Canal Bank Walk" and in a minor way in "Stony Grey Soil". "Advent" derives from religion in both it's theme and main source of imagery. The theme of the poem is penance, forgiveness and grace which reflects the Catholic church’s seasons of Advent, the nativity and the beginning of the new church year. Kavanagh formulates his wish to return to the state of innocence as a child within the imagery of religion using original sin to represent acquired knowledge, penance as a main act of contrition and the grace of the forgiven soul as the newly required state of innocents. In "Canal Bank Walk" the theme is one of redemption reflecting baptism as Kavanagh draws analogies between the waters of the baptismal font and the water of the canal. In "Stony Grey Soil", Kavanagh refers to the 'peasants prayer'-a recognition of the close relationship between religion and life in his native Monaghan. Imagery is any of the five senses (sight, touch, smell, hearing, and taste). ... For other uses, see Penance (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Forgiveness (disambiguation). ... Look up grace in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The name Catholic Church can mean a visible organization that refers to itself as Catholic, or the invisible Christian Church, viz. ... Advent (from the Latin Adventus, implicitly coupled with Redemptoris, the coming of the Saviour) is a holy season of the Christian church, the period of expectant waiting and preparation for the celebration of the Nativity of Christ, also known as the season of Christmas. ... For the Nativity of Jesus, see Nativity of Jesus. ... Original Sin redirects here. ... Saint Peter Repentant 1823-25 , Goya Contrition (from the Latin contritus ground to pieces, i. ... Redemption is also a collectible card game. ... For other uses, see Monaghan (disambiguation). ...

Kavanagh was unquestionably a poet place formed to a large extent by his experiences in his native Monaghan and later in his adopted Dublin. "Stony Grey Soil" depicts best, Kavanagh's preoccupation with environment. It shows the bitterness and the tragedy of his life there. His awareness is hypersensitive and this allowed him to fear the brutality of the 'Stony Grey Soil'. In the poem he is ill at ease in an environment and culture he condemns. He uses verbs such as clogged, and burgled to display his sense of desperation and loss. In the first five stanzas of the poem, Kavanagh attacks the dreariness and drabness of his native environment. It is one of 'steaming dung hills' that gave rise to a stumble and a thick-tongued mumble. It was an environment dominated by agriculture, here symbolised by the plough - a plough that robbed him of the happiness and gaiety of youth -: "Your mandrill strained, your coulter blunted In the smooth lea-field of my brow." However, the change that occurs in the final two and a half stanzas suggests that Kavanagh has a love-hate relationship with his native environment. Although Kavanagh arrived in Dublin in 1939, leaving behind his sixteen acres of stony grey soil, it was not, until the mid 1950's that his adopted city provided the environmental background to his work. The summer of 1955 and the banks of the Grand Canal in Dublin are the time and place which moved Kavanagh to write "Canal Bank Walk" and "Lines Written...". Kavanagh's attitude to the environment changed dramatically following his operation for lung cancer. He said "As a poet I was born in or about 1955, the place of my birth being the banks of the Grand Canal". This new appreciation of the environment, his vision of Eden is evident in his novel "Tarry Flynn", where he wrote "O the rich beauty of the weeds in the ditches, Tarry's heart cried: the lush Nettles and Docks and tuffs of grass. Life pouring out in critical abundance." In the novel he also wrote "Without ambition, without desire, the beauty of the world pared in thought his unresting mind." These two sentences describe exactly the moods of Kavanagh in 'Canal Bank Walk' and 'Lines Written...". Here the environment is glorified in a pantheistic manner. Kavanagh uses hyperbole and many neologisms in an attempt to demonstrate the magnificence of nature as experimented by the innocent mind of a child or of the poet reformed to the state of grace. The opposing attitudes expressed by Kavanagh to the environments of Monaghan and Dublin reflect more on his state of mind than on the environments themselves. The traditional way: a German farmer works the land with a horse and plough. ... Lung cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. ... // Eden may refer to: Garden of Eden, an original meaning, a place east of Eden described in Book of Genesis. ... Pantheism literally means God is All and All is God. It is the view that everything is of an all-encompassing immanent God; or that the universe, or nature, and God are equivalent. ... Not to be confused with Hyperbola. ... A neologism is a word, term, or phrase which has been recently created (or coined), often to apply to new concepts, to synthesize pre-existing concepts, or to make older terminology sound more contemporary. ... For other uses, see Monaghan (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Dublin (disambiguation). ...

Patrick Kavanagh statue along the Grand Canal in Dublin

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Grand Canal begins on the Southside of Dublin, Ireland. ... For other uses, see Dublin (disambiguation). ...

Legacy

When the ‘’Irish Times’’ compiled a list of favourite Irish poems in 2000, ten of his poems were in the top fifty, and Kavanagh was rated the second favourite poet behind WB Yeats. "On Raglan Road," perhaps Kavanagh's most popular poem, was also intended to serve as lyrics to the traditional Irish air, "The Dawning of the Day" (Fáinne Geal an Lae), composed by Thomas Connellan in the 17th Century. As such it has been performed by Van Morrison, Luke Kelly, Dire Straits, Billy Bragg, Sinéad O'Connor, Joan Osborne and many other singers. There is a statue of Kavanagh by Dublin's Grand Canal, inspired by his poem "Lines written on a Seat on the Grand Canal, Dublin": " O commemorate me where there is water, canal water preferably, so stilly greeny at the heart of summer. Brother commemorate me thus beautifully." The Irish Times is Irelands newspaper of record, launched in the late 1850s. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... A 1907 engraving of Yeats. ... On Raglan Road of an Autumn day I saw her first and knew, That her dark hair would weave a snare That I might someday rue. ... The Dawning of the Day is an old Irish song composed by the blind harpist Thomas Connellan in the 17th Century. ... Thomas Connellan, Irish composer, born c. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... George Ivan Morrison OBE (generally known as Van Morrison) (born August 31, 1945) is a singer-songwriter from Belfast, Northern Ireland. ... Luke Kelly, (17 November 1940 - 30 January 1984) was an Irish singer and folk musician from Dublin, Ireland, most famous as a member of the band The Dubliners. ... This article is about the band. ... Stephen William Bragg (born December 20, 1957 in Essex, England), better known as Billy Bragg, is an English musician who blends elements of folk music, punk rock and protest songs. ... Sinéad Marie Bernadette OConnor (IPA: [1]) (born December 8, 1966) is a Grammy Award winning Irish singer and songwriter. ... Joan Elizabeth Osborne (born July 8, 1962) is an American singer-songwriter, known chiefly for her song One of Us. Originally from the Louisville suburb of Anchorage, Kentucky, she moved to New York City in the late 1980s, where Osborne formed her own record label, Womanly Hips, to release... In music a singer or vocalist is a type of musician who sings, i. ... The Grand Canal in Dublin. ...

There is also a statue of Patrick Kavanagh located outside the Irish pub and restaurant, Raglan Road, at Walt Disney World's Downtown Disney. The annual Patrick Kavanagh Weekend takes place from the 24th of November-26th of November, 2007 in Inniskeen, County Monaghan, Ireland. Cinderella Castle, at the center of the Magic Kingdom, is Walt Disney World Resorts most recognizable icon Introduction Owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company, the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida, USA is home to four theme parks, three water parks, several resort hotels and golf courses... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 330th day of the year (331st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Inniskeen is a small village in County Monaghan close to the Louth and Armagh borders. ... Statistics Province: Ulster County Town: Monaghan Code: MN Area: 1,294 km² Population (2006) 55,816 Website: www. ...

The actor Russell Crowe has stated he is a fan of Kavanaghs, "I like the clarity and the emotiveness of (Patrick) Kavanagh. I like how he combines the kind of mystic into really clear, evocative work that can make you glad you are alive". In February 2000, Crowe quoted Kavanagh during a lengthy acceptance speech at the annual BAFTA awards. When he became aware that the Kavanagh quote had been cut from the final broadcast he became aggressive with the BBC Producer responsible.[2] Every March 17th, after the St Patrick's day parade, a group of Kavanagh's friends gather at the Kavanagh seat on the banks of the Grand Canal at Mespil road in his honour. Russell Ira Crowe (born April 7, 1964) is a New Zealand-Australian[1] actor. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is a British organization that hosts annual awards shows for film, television, childrens film and television, and interactive media. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in Leap years). ... The Grand Canal of China connects a series of rivers in China. ...

Notes

He often stayed with his publisher, Martin Green & his wife, Fiona in their house in Tottenham Street. Fitzrovia. It was at this time Martin produced Kavanagh's Collected Poems for Martin Brian & O'Keeffe 1972 (ISBN 0 85616 100 4)

References

• http://www.tcd.ie/English/patrickkavanagh/
• http://www.patrickkavanaghcountry.com/
• http://www.irishcultureandcustoms.com/Poetry/PatKavanagh.html
• http://www.irelandliteratureguide.com/patrick_kavanagh.html

The Poems

• http://www.poemhunter.com/patrick-kavanagh/ Patrick Kavavaugh's poems online.

See also

• List of people on stamps of Ireland