For other uses, see Pattani

Pattani
Flag of separatist movement

Pattani (in Malay, Patani, also sometimes Patani Raya, or "Greater Patani") is a term that has been used to describe a region in South Thailand consisting of the province of Pattani proper along with the neighbouring Yala Province and Narathiwat Province. Historically independent from the kingdom of Thailand, a separatist movement has sought the establishment of a Malay and Islamic state, Patani Darussalam, encompassing these three provinces. This campaign has taken a violent turn in recent years, prompting a state of insurgency across South Thailand and the imposition of martial law. Pattani (or Patani in Malay spelling) may refer to the town Pattani in southern Thailand the Pattani Province the region Pattani, which includes the above province. ... Image File history File links Patani-unitat. ... Image File history File links Thailand_Pattani_region. ... // Headline text Bold text Not to be confused with the Malayalam language, spoken in India. ... Pattani (Thai ปัตตานี) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. ... Yala (Thai ยะลา) is the southernmost province (changwat) of Thailand. ... Narathiwat (Thai นราธิวาส) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. ... Separatism is a term usually applied to describe the attitudes or motivations of those seeking independence or separation of their land or region from the country that governs them. ... Malays (Dutch, Maleiërs, ultimately from Malay: Melayu) are a diverse group of Austronesian peoples inhabiting the Malay archipelago and Malay peninsula in Southeast Asia. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (مسلم), believe God (Arabic: الله ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ... Flag of Pattani Raya, a symbol of Pattani separatism The South Thailand insurgency is a separatist campaign centered in the Pattani region, three southern provinces of Thailand, with violence increasingly spilling over into neighbouring provinces and threatening to extend up to the national capital in Bangkok. ... Martial law is the system of rules that takes effect (usually after a formal declaration) when a military authority takes control of the normal administration of justice. ...

Early history

Main article: Patani kingdom

Pattani is the post 15th century rendition of Langkasuka, the oldest Malay Kingdom of the Malay Peninsula. Pattani is the true cradle of Malay civilisation, with culture and artforms emulated to this day in other Malay states of modern day Malaysia. Pattani was already a bustling entrepôt with diplomatic ties to China, Japan and Srivijaya at a time when Malacca was still an uninhabited jungle-clad estuary.^{[citation needed]} Ironically, Pattani today lies under the jurisdiction of Thailand, a sober reflection of the Kingdom's turbulent relationship with old Siam and present-day Thailand. The Kingdom of Patani (Pattani) was a Malay state approximately covering the area of the modern Thai provinces of Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat. ... Langkasuka (-langkha Sanskrit for resplendent land -sukkha of bliss) was apparently the oldest kingdom on the Malay peninsula. ... An entrepôt is a trading centre, or simply a warehouse, where merchandise can be imported and exported without paying import duties, often at a profit. ... Map of Southeast Asia at end of 12th century. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For the country formerly called Siam see Thailand SIAM is an acronym for Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. ...

According to many historical sources, the ancient Hindu-Malay empire of Langkasuka was centred in Pattani, today's southern Thailand, which encompasses of modern Malaysia states Kelantan, Terengganu and northern Kedah, as well as modern Thai provinces of Pattani (Patani in Malay), Yala (Jala), Narathiwat (Menara), Songkhla (Singora) and Satun (Setul). To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Malays (Dutch, Maleiërs, ultimately from Malay: Melayu) are a diverse group of Austronesian peoples inhabiting the Malay archipelago and Malay peninsula in Southeast Asia. ... Pattani (or Patani in Malay spelling) may refer to the town Pattani in southern Thailand the Pattani Province the region Pattani, which includes the above province. ... State Motto: Berserah kepada Tuhan Kerajaan Kelantan (English : Submit to God, government of Kelantan Capital Kota Bharu Sultan Tuanku Ismail Petra ibni al-Marhum Sultan Yahya Petra Chief minister Tuan Guru Dato Haji Nik Aziz Nik Mat Area 14,922 km² Population 1. ... Terengganu (Jawi: ترڠڬانو, formerly spelled Trengganu or Tringganu) is a sultanate and constitutive state of federal Malaysia. ... State motto: no State motto Capital Alor Star Royal Capital Anak Bukit Sultan Tuanku Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Chief Minister Dato Hj Mahdzir Bin Khalid Area 9,426 km2 Population  - Est year 2003 1 778 188 State anthem Allah Selamatkan Sultan Mahkota Kedah (Jawi:قدح, pop. ... Pattani (Thai ปัตตานี) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. ... Yala (Thai ยะลา) is the southernmost province (changwat) of Thailand. ... Narathiwat (Thai นราธิวาส) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. ... Songkhla (Thai สงขลา) is the one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. ... á Satun (Thai สตูล) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. ...

While when exactly Pattani was Islamised is in debate; it was certainly one of the earliest Malay kingdoms to adopt the Middle Eastern religion around mid-13th century. The kingdom adopted the name "Patani" under the rule of Sultan Ismail Shah. According to local folklore, he was finding a spot for the kingdom's new capital, and when he arrived to the place he liked best, he shouted “Pantai Ini!” which means in Malay, "This beach!"^{[citation needed]} According to most accounts, this capital is thought to be today's modern Kru Se (Kampung Grisek). // Headline text Bold text Not to be confused with the Malayalam language, spoken in India. ...

It is widely believed that Pattani was one of the oldest kingdoms on the Malay peninsula. Pattani was known to the Western world, especially in 1516 when Portuguese explorer Godinho de Eredia landed on its port. The fall of Malacca five years before that increased Pattani's popularity with Indian-Muslim traders; competing viciously with northern Sumatra kingdom of Aceh. The Malay Peninsula (Malay: Semenanjung Tanah Melayu) is a major peninsula located in Southeast Asia. ... // Events March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I. July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island of the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ... Aceh (IPA pronunciation: , pronounced approximately Ah-Cèh, but with [e], not [ei] at the end) is a special territory (daerah istimewa) of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. ...

During the massive Burmese attack from the north against the Siamese kingdom of Ayutthaya, Pattani's Sultan Muzaffar Shah took this advantage and launched an attack on Ayutthaya in 1563. He however died mysteriously during battle. The kingdom of Ayutthaya was a Thai kingdom that existed from the 1350 to 1767. ... Events February 1 - Sarsa Dengel succeeds his father Menas as Emperor of Ethiopia February 18 - The Duke of Guise is assassinated while besieging Orléans March - Peace of Amboise. ...

I want to kill all muslims.

I wanna kill you Malaysian.......

Pattani's golden age was during the reign of its four successive queens from 1584, known as Raja Hijau (The Green Queen), Raja Biru (The Blue Queen), Raja Ungu (The Purple Queen) and Raja Kuning (The Yellow Queen), where the kingdom's economic and military strength was greatly increased to the point that it was able to fight off four major Siamese invasions with the help of the eastern Malay kingdom of Pahang and the southern Malay Sultanate of Johore. 1584 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... State motto: no State motto Capital Kuantan Royal Capital Pekan Sultan Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Chief Minister Dato Seri Adnan Yaakob Area 35,964 km2 Population  - Est year 2005 1,372,500 State anthem Pahang State Anthem Pahang (Jawi: Ú¨Ù‡Ú ) is the largest state on Peninsular Malaysia, occupying the huge Pahang... The Sultanate of Johor was founded by Malaccan Sultan Mahmud Shahs son, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah in 1528. ...

Thai Annexation

During the reigns of Pattani's last Queens in the 17th Century, the kingdom fell into disarray and went into gradual decline. The Siamese king Taksin drove off the Burmese invaders out of Siam in a war of independence. His successor, Rama I, established the Chakri Dynasty, which still rules Thailand today. The reunited and stronger Siamese army was to face another Burmese raid and demanded troops from a reluctant Pattani. Statue in Wat Welurachin, Thonburi Taksin the Great (Thai: ตากสินมหาราช; 鄭昭; pinyin: Zhèng Chāo; April 17, 1734 - April 7, 1782) was king of Thailand from 1767-1782. ... His Majesty King Rama I of Siam (portrait in the National History Museum, Bangkok) Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke or Rama I the Great, was king of Thailand from 1782 to 1809. ... The Chakri dynasty have ruled Thailand since king Taksin was declared mad in 1782. ...

Prince Surasi, Rama I's younger brother and vice-king, invaded Pattani. Its Sultan Muhammad was killed in battle and his capital razed to the ground. According to local sources, 4,000 Malay men were enslaved and made to work on Bangkok's system of khlongs. To further humiliate the Pattanese, the symbol of Pattani's military strength – the Seri Patani and Seri Negara cannons - were brought to Bangkok (is today displayed in front of the Ministry of Defence). Boworn Maha Surasinghanat (Thai: ) was the first Vice-King of the Bangkok era of Thailand. ... Floating market of Damnoen Saduak, Ratchaburi province A khlong (also commonly but less correctly called a klong; Thai คลอง) is a canal in the central plain of Thailand spawned by the Chao Phraya, the Ta Chi and the Mae Klong rivers. ... Cannon in front of the Ministry of Defence Phraya Tani (Thai พญาตานี) or Sri Patani (Malay) is a historical siege cannon from Pattani in southern Thailand. ...

On 1791 and 1808, there were several unsuccessful rebellions within Pattani against their Siamese overlords. Following which, Pattani was divided into 7 largely autonomous states ([[Mudang]]) – Pattani, Nongchik, Saiburi (Teluban), Yala (Jala), Yaring (Jambu), Ra-ngae (Legeh) and Reman. All of these were ruled by the King of Ligor. For several months, there was a period of independence when the Siamese were driven out by the Pattanese, as well as the Kedah Malays. This independence, however, was short-lived. Nakhon Si Thammarat (Thai นครศรีธรรมราช) is a town in southern Thailand, capital of the Nakhon Si Thammarat province. ...

In 1902, Pattani was formally annexed by Siam. Seven years later, the Bangkok Treaty of 1909 was signed between Great Britain and Siam. With that agreement, the British recognised Siam sovereignty over Pattani. Later, all seven provinces were reunited into a monthon and incorporated into the kingdom. Later on the central government in Bangkok renamed certain localities with Thai-sounding names, as well as merging together some of the provinces. When the monthon was dissolved in 1933 three provinces remained - Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat. The Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 or Bangkok Treaty of 1909 was a treaty between the British and Siam. ... A monthon (English circle, Thai มณฑล) was a subdivision of Thailand in the beginning of the 20th century. ...

Greater Malay Patani State

During the Second World War, Thailand was an ally of Imperial Japan and allowed its southern territory to invade British dependencies and colonies on the Malay peninsula. Tengku Mahmud Mahyuddin, a prominent Pattani leader who was the son of the last Raja of Pattani, allied himself with the British in the hopes that Pattani would be granted independence in the event of an Allied victory.

The major source of support came from the Malay people frustrated with the nationalistic policies of the Phibun regime, which forced for Malays to abandon large amounts of their indigenous culture. Field Marshal Plaek Pibulsonggram (July 14, 1897–June 11, 1964) (Thai แปลก พิบูลสงคราม or ป. พิบูลสงคราม, lastname sometimes spelled Phibunsongkhram, Phibul Songkhram or Pibul Songgram) was Prime Minister and military dictator of Thailand from 1938 to 1944 and 1948 to 1957. ...

The Malay leader collaborated with the British in launching guerrilla attacks against the Japanese. In 1945, a petition of Malay leaders lead by Tengku Abdul Jalal demanded from the British independence of the four southern provinces from Thailand. After the war, there was a period where the Greater Malay Pattani State (Negara Melayu Patani Raya) flag was flown in Pattani. However, the British soon broke its war promises by re-establishing the Thai presence in Pattani and shattering the hopes of an independent Pattani.

This immediately gave rise to many insurgency groups seeking independence. British reasoning behind this move however is to keep Thailand stable, because they are seen as a strategic counterweight to the communist insurgency in Malaya.

Resistance movements in Patani

During World War II, along with the Greater Patani Malay Movement lead by Tengku Mahmud Mahyuddin, another resistance force under the leadership of Islamic scholar Haji Sulong Tokmina fought alongside against the Japanese. Their stated goal is to create an Islamic republic in Patani, which frequently put it at odds with Tengku Mahmud who wants to reestablish the Pattanese Sultanate (being a prince himself).

Today, the goals and ideas of Haji Sulong Tokmina is still carried on by minor resistance groups interested in creating an Islamic republic. After the war though, hopes of any independent republic in Pattani was quickly dashed by the British and the Thais.

Current insurgency

Main article: South Thailand insurgency

Pattani separatist groups, most notably the Patani United Liberation Organization (PULO), began to use violent tactics in 2001. There have been suggestions of links between PULO and foreign Islamist groups such as al-Qaeda and Jemaah Islamiyah. A number of Pattani Muslims are reported to have received training at al-Qaida centres in Pakistan, and the Pattani insurgents have forged links with groups such as the Moro Islamic Liberation Front in the Philippines and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) in Indonesia. Estimates of rebel strength vary widely from only 500 to more than 15,000. Flag of Pattani Raya, a symbol of Pattani separatism The South Thailand insurgency is a separatist campaign centered in the Pattani region, three southern provinces of Thailand, with violence increasingly spilling over into neighbouring provinces and threatening to extend up to the national capital in Bangkok. ... The Patani United Liberation Organization (also spelled Pattani United Liberation Organisation) or PULO is one of the active militant groups calling for a free and independent Patani. ... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ... Jemaah Islamiyah, sometimes rendered Jemaah Islamiah, is a militant Islamic terrorist organization dedicated to the establishment of a fundamentalist Islamic theocracy in Southeast Asia, in particular Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, Malaysia, and the south of Thailand and the Philippines. ... In a show of force during peace negotiations with the Philippine government, members of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front parade during a press conference June 4, 2005, on the island of Mindanao. ... ASNLF Flag The Free Aceh Movement (Indonesian: Gerakan Aceh Merdeka or simply GAM), also known as the Aceh Sumatra National Liberation Front (ASNLF), is an armed separatist group seeking independence for the Aceh region on Sumatra from Indonesia. ...