Paul Frederic Bowles (December 30, 1910 - November 18, 1999), was an American composer, author, and traveler. is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... A composer is a person who writes music. ... An author is any person(s) or entity(s) that originates and assumes responsibility for an expression or communication. ...

Childhood and youth

Paul Bowles was born in Jamaica, Queens, New York City to Rena (née Rennewisser) and Claude Dietz Bowles, a dentist. He spent his childhood at 108 Hardenbrook Avenue, then 207 De Grauw Avenue, and later 34 Terrace Avenue. His mother read Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe to him as a child, and Bowles made notebooks of writing and drawing throughout his childhood. One of these, a comic strip called "Bluey," was later published. Major Mark Park Jamaica is a neighborhood in the borough of Queens in New York City. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Nathaniel Hawthorne (born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was a 19th century American novelist and short story writer. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ...

When Bowles was 8, his father bought a phonograph and classic records; Bowles was interested in jazz but such records were forbidden in the house. About this time his family bought a piano and Bowles studied theory, singing, and piano. He continued to keep a diary of imaginary goings-on during this time, and also wrote a daily newspaper. In 1922, at age 11, Bowles bought his first book of poetry, Arthur Waley's A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems. In high school he attended a performance of Stravinsky's Firebird at Carnegie Hall which made a profound impression. Arthur David Waley (August 19, 1889 – June 27, 1966) was a noted English Orientalist and Sinologist. ... Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Russian: Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский, Igor Fëdorovič Stravinskij) (June 17, 1882 – April 6, 1971) was a Russian composer, considered by many in both the West and his native land to be the most influential composer of 20th-century music. ... Carnegie Hall is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east stretch of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street. ...

Bowles entered the University of Virginia in 1928, where his interests included T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land, Prokofiev, Duke Ellington, Gregorian chants, and the blues, and he published two items in transition. He also heard music by George Antheil and Henry Cowell. In April 1929 he dropped out of school to make his first trip to Paris where he worked as a switchboard operator for the Herald Tribune. He returned home in July and took a job at Duttons Bookshop in Manhattan. While employed at the store he began work on a book of fiction, Without Stopping (not to be confused with his later autobiography of the same title), which he never finished. At the insistence of his parents he returned to the University of Virginia, but he left the university in June 1931 without earning a degree.. The University of Virginia (also called U.Va. ... Thomas Stearns Eliot, OM (September 26, 1888 – January 4, 1965), was a poet, dramatist and literary critic. ... Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev (Russian: , Sergej Sergejevič Prokofijev; April 27 (April 151 O.S.), 1891–March 5, 1953) was a Russian and Soviet composer who mastered numerous musical genres and came to be admired as one of the greatest composers of the 20th century. ... Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington (April 29, 1899–May 24, 1974) was an American jazz composer, pianist, and band leader who has been one of the most influential figures in jazz, if not in all American music. ... Gregorian chant is also known as plainchant or plainsong, and is a form of monophonic, unaccompanied singing, which was developed in the Catholic church, mainly during the period 800-1000. ... George Antheil (June 8, 1900 – February 12, 1959) was an American composer and pianist of German and Lutheran descent, born in Trenton, New Jersey. ... Henry Cowell (March 11, 1897 - December 10, 1965) was an American composer, musical theorist, pianist, teacher, publisher, and impresario. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) The Eiffel Tower in Paris, as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ...

France and New York

On a trip to France in 1931, Bowles became a part of Gertrude Stein's literary and artistic circle. On her advice, that summer he made his first visit to Tangier with his music teacher and friend, composer Aaron Copland. In Berlin, he met Stephen Spender and Christopher Isherwood. Isherwood later gave the name Bowles to the heroine of Goodbye to Berlin. The following year Bowles returned to North Africa and traveled throughout other parts of Morocco, the Sahara, Algeria and Tunisia. Throughout the next decade, Bowles composed a good body of music including sonatas, song cycles, and music for stage productions (including Doctor Faustus directed by Orson Welles, the orchestration for George Balanchine's Yankee Clipper at Lincoln Kirstein's request), and also made early recordings of North African music. Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 29, 1946) was an American writer and catalyst in the development of modern art and literature, who spent most of her life in France. ... A view of Tangier bay at sunrise as seen from Cape Malabata Tangier - Avenue Mohammed VI Tangier (Tanja طنجة in Berber and Arabic, Tánger in Spanish, Tânger in Portuguese, and Tanger in French) is a city of northern Morocco with a population of 669,680 (2004 census). ... Aaron Copland Aaron Copland (November 14, 1900 – December 2, 1990) was an American composer of concert and film music, as well as an accomplished pianist. ... Sir Stephen Harold Spender CBE, (February 28, 1909, London – July 16, 1995) was an English poet, novelist and essayist who concentrated on themes of social injustice and the class struggle in his work. ... Christopher Isherwood (left) and W.H. Auden (right), photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1939 Christopher Isherwood (prior to 1946 Christopher William Bradshaw-Isherwood) (August 26, 1904 – January 4, 1986), Anglo-American novelist, was born in the ancestral seat of his family, Wybersley Hall, High Lane, in the north west of... North Africa is the Mediterranean, northernmost region of the African continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Africa. ... Doctor Faustus could refer to: The character of Faust Christopher Marlowes The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus Thomas Manns Doktor Faustus Ferruccio Busonis opera Doktor Faust A 1967 film directed by Richard Burton and Nevill Coghill, see Doctor Faustus (movie) This is a disambiguation page — a... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... George Balanchine (January 9 (O.S.) = January 22 (N.S.), 1904–April 30, 1983) was one of the 20th centurys foremost choreographers, and one of the founders of American ballet. ... Photograph of Lincoln Kirstein taken by George Platt Lynes. ...

In 1938 he married author and playwright Jane Auer. After a brief sojourn in France they were prominent among the literary figures of New York throughout the 1940s, with Paul working under Virgil Thomson as a music critic at the New York Herald Tribune. His light opera The Wind Remains, based on a poem by García Lorca, was performed in 1943 with choreography by Merce Cunningham and conducted by Leonard Bernstein. In 1945 he unexpectedly began writing prose again, beginning with a few short stories including A Distant Episode. He also translated Jorge Luis Borges at this time, and his translation of the play No Exit (entitled Huis-clos in French) by Jean-Paul Sartre, directed by John Huston, won a Drama Critic's Award. The subsequent year, he received an advance for a novel, and began writing The Sheltering Sky, first published in England. The book quickly rose to the New York Times best-seller list when published by New Directions. Jane Bowles, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1951 Jane Bowles, born Jane Auer, (February 22, 1917, died May 4, 1973) was an American writer and playwright. ... Virgil Thomson, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1947 Virgil Thomson (November 25, 1896 - September 30, 1989) was an American composer from Missouri, whose rural background gave a sense of place in his compositions. ... The New York Herald Tribune was a newspaper created in 1924 when the New York Tribune acquired the New York Herald. ... Federico García Lorca Federico García Lorca (June 5, 1898 – August 19, 1936) was a Spanish poet and dramatist, also remembered as a painter, pianist, and composer. ... Merce Cunningham (born April 16, 1919 in Centralia, Washington, United States) is an American dancer and choreographer. ... Leonard Bernstein in 1971 Leonard Bernstein (IPA pronunciation: )[1] (August 25, 1918 – October 14, 1990) was an American conductor, composer, and pianist. ... A Distant Episode is a famous and acclaimed short story by Paul Bowles. ... Jorge Luis Borges (August 24, 1899 – June 14, 1986) was an Argentine writer. ... Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (June 21, 1905 – April 15, 1980), normally known simply as Jean-Paul Sartre (pronounced: ), was a French existentialist philosopher and pioneer, dramatist and screenwriter, novelist and critic. ... John Marcellus Huston (August 5, 1906 – August 28, 1987) was an American film director and actor. ... The Sheltering Sky is a 1949 novel by Paul Bowles. ... New Directions Publishers was founded in 1936 by James Laughlin after graduating from Harvard University. ...

Tangier and elsewhere

Also in 1947, he moved permanently to Tangier, and his wife Jane followed him there in 1948. The Bowleses became icons of the American and European expatriates centered in Tangier. Here he concentrated on writing novels, short stories and travel pieces, and also wrote incidental music for nine plays presented by the American School of Tangier. Prominent literary friends saw Paul and Jane beginning in 1949, including Truman Capote, Tennessee Williams and Gore Vidal. The Beat writers Allen Ginsberg, William S. Burroughs and Gregory Corso followed in the mid-1950s and early 1960s. In 1952 Bowles bought the tiny island of Taprobane, off the coast of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), where he wrote much of his novel The Spider's House, returning to Tangier in the warmer months. The American School of Tangier (founded in 1950) is an independent school located at Rue Christophe Colomb, Tangier, Morocco. ... Truman Capote (pronounced ) (30 September 1924 – 25 August 1984) was an American writer whose non-fiction, stories, novels and plays are recognized literary classics, including the novella Breakfast at Tiffanys (1958) and In Cold Blood (1965), which he labeled a non-fiction novel. ... Thomas Lanier Williams III (March 26, 1911 – February 25, 1983), better known by the pseudonym Tennessee Williams, was a major American playwright and one of the prominent playwrights of the twentieth century. ... Eugene Luther Gore Vidal (born October 3, 1925) (pronounced , occasionally , , etc) is an American author of novels, stage plays, screenplays, and essays. ... “Beats” redirects here. ... Irwin Allen Ginsberg (IPA: ) (June 3, 1926 – April 5, 1997) was an American poet. ... William Seward Burroughs II (February 5, 1914) - August 2, 1997), more commonly known as William S. Burroughs (pronounced ), was an American novelist, essayist, social critic, painter and spoken word performer. ... Gregory Corso (illustration) Gregory Nunzio Corso (March 26, 1930 – January 17, 2001) was an American poet, the fourth member of the canon of Beat Generation writers (with Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William Burroughs). ... The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (ශ්රී ලංකා in Sinhala / இலங்கை in Tamil) (known as Ceylon before 1972) is a tropical island nation off the southeast coast of the Indian subcontinent. ...

In 1961, Bowles began tape-recording and translating works of Moroccan authors and story-tellers including stories by Mohamed Choukri, Ahmed Yacoubi, Larbi Layachi (under the pseudonym Driss ben Hamed Charhadi), and Mohammed Mrabet. Oddly, Bowles spent one term at the English Department of the San Fernando Valley State College, (now California State University, Northridge) in 1968, lecturing on existentialism and the novel. Most of the time however, he remained in Tangier with brief interludes overseas. He also translated short stories and diary entries by Swiss adventurer and writer Isabelle Eberhardt (The Oblivion Seekers). Mohamed Choukri (Arabic:محمد شكري) (b. ... Ahmed Yacoubi was born in Fez, Morocco in 1928 (the exact date of his birth is unknown). ... Larbi Layachi is a Moroccan story-teller, some of his stories have been translated by Paul Bowles from Moroccan Arabic to English. ... Mohammed Mrabet is a Moroccan storyteller who was born in Tangier in 1936. ... California State University, Northridge (also known as CSUN, Cal State Northridge, or C-Sun) is a public university in the San Fernando Valley, within the city limits of Los Angeles, California, USA. Part of the California State University system, CSUN was founded in 1958 as San Fernando Valley State College... Existentialism is a philosophical movement which claims that individual human beings create the meanings of their own lives. ... Isabelle Eberhardt (17 February 1877–21 October 1904) was an explorer and writer who lived and travelled extensively in North Africa. ...

Later years

After the death of Jane Bowles in 1973 in Málaga, Spain, Bowles continued to live in Tangier, writing and receiving visitors to his modest apartment. He made a cameo appearance in the Bernardo Bertolucci film adaptation of his novel The Sheltering Sky in 1990. In 1995 Paul Bowles made a rare and final return to New York for a festival celebrating his music at the Lincoln Center and a symposium and interview held at the New School for Social Research. Location of Málaga Municipality Málaga Mayor Francisco de la Torre Prados Area    - City 385,50 km²  - Land 385,50 km²  - Water 0. ... Bernardo Bertolucci (born March 16, 1940) is an Italian writer and Academy Award winning film director. ... The Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center. ... New School University is an institute of higher learning in New York City. ...

Bowles was interviewed by Paul Theroux in his apartment in Tangier in 1994. The interview was documented in the last chapter of Theroux's travel book, The Pillars of Hercules. Bowles' last known interview, conducted by Stephen Morison, Jr., appeared in "Poets & Writers Magazine," July/August 1999. Paul Edward Theroux (born April 10, 1941) is an American travel writer and novelist, whose best known work is The Great Railway Bazaar (1975), a travelogue about a trip he made by train from Great Britain through Europe and South Asia, then South-East Asia, up through East Asia, as...

Bernard-Henri Lévy, in his American Vertigo claims that Bowles 'explained, with his last breath, that his masterpieces were ... the delightful musical pieces he composed every spring for the end-of-the-year celebration at the American School of Tangiers ...' Bernard-Henri Lévy (born November 5, 1948 in Béni-Saf, Algeria) is a French intellectual and businessman. ...

Bowles died of heart failure at the Italian Hospital in Tangier on November 18, 1999 at the age of 88. He had been ill for some time with respiratory problems. The following day a full-page obituary appeared in The New York Times. Although he had lived in Morocco for 52 years, he was buried in Lakemont, New York, next to the graves of his parents and grandparents. is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City by Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. ...

Selected writings

Bowles published fourteen short story collections, three volumes of poetry, numerous translations, travel articles and an autobiography. His writings are sometimes known for a sparse style with disturbing overtones. Paul Bowles also was a music ethnologist. He was fascinated with Moroccan traditional music, especially the mystic music of the religious sufi brotherhoods like the jilala, gnaoua, aissaoua, hamadcha and others. In 1951 Bowles was introduced to the Master Musicians of Jajouka, having first heard the musicians when he and Brion Gysin attended a festival or moussem at Sidi Kacem. Bowles' continued association with the Master Musicians of Jajouka and their hereditary leader Bachir Attar is described in Paul Bowles' book, a diary entitled Days: A Tangier Journal. This article or section needs sources or references that appear in reliable, third-party publications. ...

In 1991 Bowles was awarded the Rea Award for the Short Story. The Rea Award for the Short Story is an annual award given to an American author chosen for unusually significant contributions to American short story fiction. ...

Music

• 1931 Sonata for Oboe and Clarinet
• 1937 Yankee Clipper, ballet
• 1941 Pastorela, ballet
• 1944 The Glass Managerie, play
• 1946 Cabin, words by Tennessee Williams, music by Paul Bowles
• 1946 Concerto for Two Pianos
• 1947 Sonata for Two Pianos
• 1949 Night Waltz
• 1953 A Picnic Cantata
• 1955 Yerma, opera
• 1979 Blue Mountain ballads, words by Tennessee Williams, music by Paul Bowles.

Novels

• 1949 The Sheltering Sky
• 1952 Let It Come Down
• 1955 The Spider's House
• 1966 Up Above the World
• 1991 Too Far From Home

The Sheltering Sky is a 1949 novel by Paul Bowles. ... Let It Come Down is Paul Bowless second novel, first published in 1952. ... Up Above the World is a novel by Paul Bowles first published in 1966 about an American couple—an ageing physician and his young attractive wife—who go on a tour of Central America and are trapped by a mysterious young man whose motives remain unclear to them. ...

Collections of short stories

• 1950 A Little Stone
• 1950 The Delicate Prey and Other Stories
• 1959 The Hours after Noon
• 1962 A Hundred Camels in the Courtyard
• 1967 The Time of Friendship
• 1968 Pages from Cold Point and Other Stories
• 1975 Three Tales
• 1977 Things Gone & Things Still Here
• 1979 Collected Stories, 1939-1976
• 1982 Points in Time
• 1988 Unwelcome Words: Seven Stories

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Poetry

• 1933 Two Poems
• 1968 Scenes
• 1972 The Thicket of Spring
• 1981 Next to nothing: collected poems, 1926-1977

Translations

Among his life's accomplishments were translations of stories from the oral tradition of native Moroccan storytellers including Mohammed Mrabet, Driss Ben Hamed Charhadi (Larbi Layachi), Abdeslam Boulaich, and Ahmed Yacoubi. He also translated the Moroccan author Mohamed Choukri. Mohammed Mrabet is a Moroccan storyteller who was born in Tangier in 1936. ... Driss Ben Hamed Charhadi is a Moroccan story-teller, some of his stories have been translated by Paul Bowles from Moroccan Arabic to English. ... Larbi Layachi is a Moroccan story-teller, some of his stories have been translated by Paul Bowles from Moroccan Arabic to English. ... Abdeslam Boulaich is a Moroccan story-teller, some of his stories have been translated by Paul Bowles from Moroccan Arabic to English. ... Ahmed Yacoubi was born in Fez, Morocco in 1928 (the exact date of his birth is unknown). ... Mohamed Choukri (Arabic:محمد شكري) (b. ...

• 1964 A Life Full Of Holes, by Driss Ben Hamed Charhadi (Larbi Layachi)
• 1968 Love With A Few Hairs, by Mohammed Mrabet
• 1968 The Lemon, by Mohammed Mrabet
• 1970 M'Hashish, by Mohammed Mrabet
• 1974 The Boy Who Set the Fire, by Mohammed Mrabet
• 1976 Look & Move On, by Mohammed Mrabet
• 1976 Harmless Poisons, Blameless Sins, by Mohammed Mrabet
• 1979 Five Eyes, by Abdeslam Boulaich, Mohamed Choukri, Larbi Layachi, Mohammed Mrabet, and Ahmed Yacoubi

Driss Ben Hamed Charhadi is a Moroccan story-teller, some of his stories have been translated by Paul Bowles from Moroccan Arabic to English. ... Larbi Layachi is a Moroccan story-teller, some of his stories have been translated by Paul Bowles from Moroccan Arabic to English. ... Mohammed Mrabet is a Moroccan storyteller who was born in Tangier in 1936. ... Mohammed Mrabet is a Moroccan storyteller who was born in Tangier in 1936. ... Mohammed Mrabet is a Moroccan storyteller who was born in Tangier in 1936. ... Mohammed Mrabet is a Moroccan storyteller who was born in Tangier in 1936. ... Mohammed Mrabet is a Moroccan storyteller who was born in Tangier in 1936. ... Mohammed Mrabet is a Moroccan storyteller who was born in Tangier in 1936. ... Abdeslam Boulaich is a Moroccan story-teller, some of his stories have been translated by Paul Bowles from Moroccan Arabic to English. ... Mohamed Choukri (Arabic:محمد شكري) (b. ... Larbi Layachi is a Moroccan story-teller, some of his stories have been translated by Paul Bowles from Moroccan Arabic to English. ... Mohammed Mrabet is a Moroccan storyteller who was born in Tangier in 1936. ... Ahmed Yacoubi was born in Fez, Morocco in 1928 (the exact date of his birth is unknown). ...

Travel pieces and autobiography

• 1957 Yallah, text by Paul Bowles, photos by Peter W. Haeberlin
• 1963 Their Heads are Green, travel
• 1972 Without stopping; an autobiography
• 1995 In Touch - The letters of Paul Bowles, edited by Jeffrey Miller

Film appearances and interviews

• Paul Bowles in Morocco (1970), produced and directed by Gary Conklin
• In 1990 Bernardo Bertolucci adapted The Sheltering Sky into a film in which Bowles has a cameo role and provides partial narration.
• "Let It Come Down" 1998, Requisite Productions, Zeitgeist Films, pub. 72 minutes, not rated. - this film is likely the definitive portrait of the author late in life. Directed by Jennifer Baichwal, includes footage of the final meeting between Bowles, William Burroughs, and Allen Ginsberg which took place in 1995 in New York.

Gary Conklin is an independent American filmmaker based in Los Angeles, California. ... The year 1990 in film involved some significant events. ... Bernardo Bertolucci (born March 16, 1940) is an Italian writer and Academy Award winning film director. ... The Sheltering Sky is a 1949 novel by Paul Bowles. ...

Posthumous collections

• 2002 The Sheltering Sky, Let It Come Down, The Spider's House (Daniel Halpern, ed. Library of America) ISBN 1-931082-19-7
• 2002 Collected Stories and Later Writings (Daniel Halpern, ed. Library of America) ISBN 1-931082-20-0

Volumes in the Library of America series The Library of America (LoA) is a nonprofit publisher of classic American literature. ... Volumes in the Library of America series The Library of America (LoA) is a nonprofit publisher of classic American literature. ...

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Paul Bowles

• The Authorized Paul Bowles Web Site the official site established by the estate of Paul and Jane Bowles
• The Jane and Paul Bowles Society The international academic author society for both Paul and Jane Bowles conducts panel discussions at literary conferences.
• The International Paul Bowles Society a fan site promoting the Paul Bowles in the written, musical and theatre forms
• Paul Bowles Collection, Harry Ransom Center
• Paul Bowles Online Exhibit, Unversity of Delaware
• Clips of interviews with Bowles from the documentary Paul Bowles in Morocco
• Documentary Paul Bowles: The Complete Outsider