Paul Ekman (born 1934) is a psychologist and has been a pioneer in the study of emotions and facial expressions. His carefully conducted experiments were a model of elegance for other psychologists. In an empirical study using 6 criteria, Ekman was found to be one of the 100 most eminent psychologists of the twentieth century. ^[1] Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A psychologist is a scientist or clinician who studies psychology, the systematic investigation of the human mind, including behavior and cognition. ... For other uses, see Emotion (disambiguation). ... Photographs from the 1862 book Mécanisme de la Physionomie Humaine by Guillaume Duchenne. ...

Biography

Ekman was born in 1934 in Washington, DC, and grew up in Newark, New Jersey, Washington, Oregon, and Southern California. He is the son of a pediatrician. Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... Nickname: Map of Newark in Essex County County Essex Founded/Incorporated 1666/1836 Government  - Mayor Cory Booker, term of office 2006–2010 Area [1]  - City 67. ... For the capital city of the United States, see Washington, D.C.. For other uses, see Washington (disambiguation). ... Official language(s) (none)[1] Capital Salem Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 9th  - Total 98,466 sq mi (255,026 km²)  - Width 260 miles (420 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 2. ... For the urban complex straddling the United States-Mexico border, see Bajalta California. ...

He received a Research Scientist Award from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in 1971, which was renewed in 1976, 1981, 1987, 1991, and 1997. For over forty years, NIMH supported his research through fellowships, grants, and awards. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) is one of 27 components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the United States federal governments principal biomedical and behavioral research agency. ...

In 2001, Ekman collaborated with John Cleese for the BBC documentary series The Human Face. He retired in 2004 as professor of psychology in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). “Cleese” redirects here. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, which is usually known as the BBC, is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GB£4 billion. ... Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt, in one fashion or another, to document reality. ... The Human Face is a four-hour series and broadcast in the U.S. on the Learning Channel, The Human Face benefits from host, narrator, and cowriter John Cleeses signature blend of erudition, enthusiasm, and wit. ... Psychology (from Greek: ψυχή, psukhē, spirit, soul; λόγος, logos, knowledge) is both an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. ... Psychiatry is a branch of medicine dealing with the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of the mind and mental illness. ... UCSF in 1908, with the streetcar that used to run on Parnassus Avenue The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) is one of the worlds leading centers of health sciences research, patient care, and education. ...

Work

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Contrary to the belief of some anthropologists at the time, including Margaret Mead, Ekman found that facial expressions of emotion are not culturally determined, but universal to human culture and thus biological in origin, as Charles Darwin had once theorized. Ekman's finding is now widely accepted by scientists. Expressions he found to be universal included anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise. Findings on contempt are less clear, though there is at least some preliminary evidence for its being universally recognized. Image File history File links N_write_green_black. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Margaret Mead (December 16, 1901, Philadelphia – November 15, 1978, New York City) was an American cultural anthropologist. ... Biology studies the variety of life (clockwise from top-left) E. coli, tree fern, gazelle, Goliath beetle Biology (from Greek: βίος, bio, life; and λόγος, logos, knowledge), also referred to as the biological sciences, is the study of living organisms utilizing the scientific method. ... For other people of the same surname, and places and things named after Charles Darwin, see Darwin. ... This article is about the emotion. ... A woman showing disgust. ... Fear is an emotional response to impending danger, that is tied to anxiety. ... Look up joy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Sadness is a mood that displays feeling of disadvantage and loss. ... Look up surprise in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up Contempt in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Ekman reported facial "microexpressions" that he showed could be used to reliably detect lying, in an effort called the Diogenes Project. He also developed the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) to taxonomize every conceivable human facial expression. Ekman conducted and published research on a broad variety of topics in the general area of non-verbal behavior. His work on lying, for example, was not limited to the face, but also to observation of the rest of the body. A microexpression is a tiny facial expression that lasts less than a quarter of a second. ... Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is a system originally developed by Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen in 1976, to taxonomize every conceivable human facial expression. ...

In his profession he also uses verbal signs of lying. When interviewed about the Monica Lewinsky scandal, he mentioned that he could tell Clinton was lying because he used distancing language. [1] Distancing language is phrasing used by a person to distance themselves from his statement. ...

Ekman is currently on the Editorial Board of Greater Good Magazine, published by the Greater Good Science Center of the University of California, Berkeley. Ekman's contributions include the interpretation of scientific research into the roots of compassion, altruism, and peaceful human relationships. Greater Good Science Center, UC Berkeley // The Greater Good Science Center, located at the University of California, Berkeley is an interdisciplinary research center devoted to the scientific understanding of happy and compassionate individuals, strong social bonds, and altruistic behavior. ... Sather tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais. ...

References

The Association for Psychological Science (APS), previously the American Psychological Society, is a society for scientific psychology, whose mission is to promote, protect, and advance the interests of scientifically oriented psychology in research, application, teaching, and the improvement of human welfare. ... President Harding and the National Academy of Sciences at the White House, Washington, DC, April 1921 The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine. ...

Books

• Unmasking the Face ISBN 1883536367
• Emotions Revealed: Recognizing Faces and Feelings to Improve Communication and Emotional Life (Times Books, 2003) ISBN 080507516X
• Telling Lies: Clues to Deceit in the Marketplace, Politics, and Marriage ISBN 0393321886
• What the Face Reveals (with Rosenberg, E. L., Oxford University Press, 1998) ISBN 0195104463
• The Nature of Emotion: Fundamental Questions (with R. Davidson, Oxford University Press, 1994) ISBN 0195089448
• Darwin and Facial Expression: A Century of Research in Review ISBN 0122367502
• Facial Action Coding System/Investigator's ISBN 9993626619
• Why Kids Lie: How Parents Can Encourage Truthfulness ISBN 014014322X
• Handbook of Methods in Nonverbal Behavior Research ISBN 0521280729
• Face of Man ISBN 0824071301
• Emotion in the Human Face ISBN 0080166431

See also

• Body language
• Emotions and Culture
• Microexpression
• Nonverbal communication
• Duchenne smile

This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Emotions are universal phenomena; however it is affected by culture. ... A microexpression is a tiny facial expression that lasts less than a quarter of a second. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Smile (album), for the musical, see Smile (Musical) and for the bank, see smile (bank) Smile was also the name of the band later known as Queen. ...

External links

• Official site
• Complete bibliography
• Article: The Naked Face
• Interview
• Ekman's editorial work at Greater Good Magazine