Paul Johannes Tillich (August 20, 1886 – October 22, 1965) was a German-American theologian and Christian existentialist philosopher. Tillich was, along with contemporary Karl Barth, one of the most influential Protestant theologians of the twentieth century. is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... Theology finds its scholars pursuing the understanding of and providing reasoned discourse of religion, spirituality and God or the gods. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A philosopher is a person who thinks deeply regarding people, society, the world, and/or the universe. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ...

Biography

Paul Tillich’s gravestone in the Paul Tillich Park, New Harmony, Indiana, United States

Paul Tillich was born on August 20, 1886, in the province of Brandenburg in eastern Germany in the small village of Starzeddel. Tillich's Prussian father was a Lutheran pastor and his mother was from the Rhineland and more liberal, influenced heavily by Calvinist thinking. At an early age Tillich held an appreciation for nature and the countryside into which he had been born. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (985x1254, 959 KB) Summary Description: en: Paul Tillich’s gravestone in the Paul Tillich Park, New Harmony, Indiana, USA; de: Grabstein von Paul Tillich in dem Paul Tillich Park in New Harmony, Indiana, USA. Source: Own work. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (985x1254, 959 KB) Summary Description: en: Paul Tillich’s gravestone in the Paul Tillich Park, New Harmony, Indiana, USA; de: Grabstein von Paul Tillich in dem Paul Tillich Park in New Harmony, Indiana, USA. Source: Own work. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For the similarly spelled Brandenberg, see Brandenberg (Austria) or Brandenburg (disambiguation) Location Coordinates , , Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) Administration Country NUTS Region DE4 Capital Potsdam Minister-President Matthias Platzeck (SPD) Governing parties SPD / CDU Votes in Bundesrat 4 (of 69) Basic statistics Area  29,479 km² (11,382... Starzeddel is an anglicized spelling for Starosiedie. ... For other uses, see Prussia (disambiguation). ... The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ... The Rhineland (Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Calvinism is...

When Tillich was 17 his mother died of cancer. Tillich studied at a number of German universities including Berlin, Tübingen, and Halle, and joined the Christian fraternity Wingolf, finally obtaining his Ph.D. at Breslau in 1911. Shortly thereafter, in 1912, he was ordained minister in the Lutheran Church, and soon took up a career as professor. Except for an interlude as chaplain in the German army during World War I,^[1] he taught at a number of universities throughout Germany over the next two decades. Tillich taught theology at the universities of Berlin, Marburg, Dresden, and Leipzig, and philosophy at Frankfurt. However, his opposition to the Nazis cost him his job: he was fired in 1933 and replaced by philosopher Arnold Gehlen, who had joined the Nazi Party that year. Finding himself thus barred from German universities, Tillich accepted an invitation from Reinhold Niebuhr to teach at the Union Theological Seminary in the United States, where he emigrated later that year. Tillich became a US citizen in 1940. Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... Tübingen, Neckar front Tübingen, a traditional university town of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, is situated 20 miles southwest of Stuttgart, on a ridge between the River Neckar and the Ammer. ... Halle (also called Halle an der Saale (literally Halle on the Saale, and in some historic references is not uncommonly called Saale after the river) in order to distinguish it from Halle in North Rhine-Westphalia) is the largest city in the German State of Saxony-Anhalt. ... Wingolf is an umbrella organisation of 36 student fraternities at 34 universities in Germany, Austria and Estonia. ... Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. ... Wrocław. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ... The meaning of the word professor (Latin: [1]) varies. ... A chaplain in the 45th Infantry Division leads a religious service in an unknown location during World War II. US Navy Chaplain Kenneth Medve conducts Catholic Mass onboard the Ronald Reagan (2006) A chaplain is typically a priest, ordained deacon or other member of the clergy serving a group of... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... University of Marburg - Department of Social Sciences and University library The old university The University of Marburg (German: Philipps-Universität Marburg Philips University, Marburg), was founded in 1527 by Landgrave Philipp I of Hesse (usually called the Magnanimous, although the updated meaning haughty is sometimes given) as the... For other uses, see Dresden (disambiguation). ... Leipzig ( ; Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk from the Sorbian word for Tilia) is, with a population of over 506,000, the largest city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany. ... The Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main (commonly called the University of Frankfurt) was founded in 1914 as a Citizens University, which means that while it was a State university of Prussia, it had been founded and financed by the wealthy and active liberal citizenry of Frankfurt am... Nazism in history Nazi ideology Nazism and race Outside Germany Related subjects Lists Politics Portal         Nazism or National Socialism (German: Nationalsozialismus), refers primarily to the ideology and practices of the Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers Party, German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) under Adolf Hitler. ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Arnold Gehlen (January 29, 1904 - January 30, 1976) was an influential conservative German philosopher and sociologist. ... The Nazi swastika The National Socialist German Workers Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei), better known as the NSDAP or the Nazi Party was a political party that was led to power in Germany by Adolf Hitler in 1933. ... Karl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr (June 21, 1892 – June 1, 1971) was a Protestant theologian best known for his study of the task of relating the Christian faith to the reality of modern politics and diplomacy. ... The tower at Union Theological Seminary Birds-eye view at Claremont Ave. ... The word citizen may refer to: A person with a citizenship Citizen Watch Co. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

It is at the Union Theological Seminary that Tillich earned his reputation, publishing a series of books that outlined his particular synthesis of Protestant Christian theology with existentialist philosophy (drawing on research in psychology in the process). Between 1952 and 1954 Tillich gave the Gifford lectures at the University of Aberdeen, which resulted in the comprehensive three volume Systematic Theology. Tillich was also invited to Yale University's Dwight H. Terry Lectureship. The resulting 1952 book, The Courage to Be, outlined many of his views on existentialism and proved popular even outside philosophical and religious circles, earning him considerable acclaim and influence. These works led to an appointment at the Harvard Divinity School in 1954, where he wrote another popularly acclaimed book, Dynamics of Faith (1957). He was also a very important contributor to modern Just War thought. In 1962, he moved to the University of Chicago, where he continued until his death in Chicago in 1965. Tillich's ashes were interred in 1965 in the Paul Tillich Park in New Harmony, Indiana. Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Psychological science redirects here. ... The Gifford Lectures were established by the will of Adam Lord Gifford (d. ... The University of Aberdeen was founded in 1495, in Aberdeen, Scotland. ... Yale redirects here. ... The Dwight H. Terry Lectureship, also known as the Terry Lectures, is a symposium at Yale University which discusses religion in the light of modern science and philosophy. ... Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Harvard Divinity School is one of the constituent schools of Harvard University, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the United States. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... The doctrine of the just war has its foundations in ancient Greek society and was first developed in the Christian tradition by Augustine in Civitas Dei, The City of God, in reaction to the absolutist pacifist strain of Christian ethics based on the doctrine of Turn the other cheek espoused... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see University of Chicago (disambiguation). ... Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country State Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government  - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area  - City  234. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... New Harmony is a town located in Posey County, Indiana, 15 miles (24 km) north of Mount Vernon, Indiana, the county seat, on the Wabash River. ...

Bultmann's influence

Tillich was influenced by a contemporary German theologian, Rudolf Bultmann, who argued that the Christian world view, as expressed in the Bible, was outdated. Cast, as it was, in mythological terms, Bultmann argued, with references to a three-tiered universe, a heavenly city, a "house of many mansions" which included numerous thrones, and so forth, it depicted a cosmos alien to modern men and women. The result, Bultmann believed, was that many contemporary people tended to reject the Bible and, with it, the message of salvation inherent in its narrative. The solution, he believed, was to recast the story of Christ's redemptive work in modern, philosophical, psychological, and scientific language that would enable today's men and women to ascertain the truth that the mythological language no longer conveys. Tillich was impressed with Bultmann's call for "demythologizing" the Bible and, in his own theological writings, undertook to replace the mythological expression of the Christian message with a new, existential interpretation. However, Tillich would ultimately depart from the project of "demythologizing" in favor of what he called "de-literalization," in which religious mythic language is understood as the symbolic language of a faith. Rudolf Karl Bultmann (August 20, 1884 - July 30, 1976) was a German theologian of Lutheran background, who was for three decades professor of New Testament studies at the University of Marburg. ... This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library. ...

Theology

Tillich's approach to Protestant theology was highly systematic. He sought to correlate culture and faith such that "faith need not be unacceptable to contemporary culture and contemporary culture need not be unacceptable to faith". Consequently, Tillich's orientation is apologetic, seeking to make concrete theological answers that are applicable to ordinary daily life. This contributed to his popularity because it made him easily accessible to lay readers. In a broader perspective, revelation is understood as the fountainhead of religion. Tillich sought to reconcile revelation and reason by arguing that revelation never runs counter to reason (affirming Thomas Aquinas who said that faith is eminently rational), but both poles of the subjective human experience are complementary. Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Apologetics is the field of study concerned with the systematic defense of a position. ... Revelation of the Last Judgment by Jacob de Backer Revelation is an uncovering or disclosure via communication from the divine of something that has been partially or wholly hidden or unknown, which could not be known apart from the unveiling (Goswiller 1987 p. ... Saint Thomas Aquinas, O.P.(also Thomas of Aquin, or Aquino; c. ...

In his metaphysical approach, Tillich was a staunch existentialist, focusing on the nature of being. Nothingness is a major motif of existentialist philosophy which Tillich employed as a means of reifying being itself. Tillich argued that anxiety of non-being (existential anguish) is inherent in the experience of being itself. Put simply, people are afraid of their own deaths. Following a line similar to Søren Kierkegaard and almost identical to that of Sigmund Freud, Tillich says that in our most introspective moments we face the terror of our own nothingness. That is, we "realize our mortality", that we are finite beings. The question which naturally arises in the mind of one in this introspective mood is what causes us to "be" in the first place. Tillich concludes that radically finite beings (which are, at least potentially, infinite in variation) cannot be sustained or caused by another finite or existing being. What can sustain finite beings is being itself, or the "ground of being". This Tillich identifies as God. Much of Tillich's phenomenological language with regard to being can be traced back to Martin Heidegger, with whom Tillich was in contact prior to 1933. Tillich also utilized some of the basic framework of Heidegger's fundamental ontology in the discussion on Being and God in the Systematic Theology. Existentialism is a philosophical movement emphasizing individualism, individual freedom, and subjectivity. ... For the mathematics of nothing, see zero. ... Look up anguish in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (IPA: , but usually Anglicized as ;  ) 5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a prolific 19th century Danish philosopher and theologian. ... Sigmund Freud (IPA: ), born Sigismund Schlomo Freud (May 6, 1856 – September 23, 1939), was an Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. ... Martin Heidegger (September 26, 1889 – May 26, 1976) (pronounced ) was a highly influential German philosopher. ...

Another name for the ground of being is essence. Essence is thought of as the power of being, and is forever unassailable by the conscious mind. As such it remains beyond the realm of thought, preserving the need for revelation in the Christian tradition. For other uses, see Essence (disambiguation). ...

Contrasted to essence but dependent upon it is existence. Existence is that which is finite. Essence is the infinite. Since existence is being and essence is the ground of being, then essence is the ground or source of existence. But because the one is infinite and the other not, then existence (the finite) is fundamentally alienated from the essence. Man is alienated from God. This Tillich takes to be sin. To exist is to be alienated. For other uses, see Sin (disambiguation). ...

Tillich's radical departure from traditional Christian theology is his view of Christ. According to Tillich, Christ is the "New Being", who rectifies in himself the alienation between essence and existence. Essence fully shows itself within Christ, but Christ is also a finite man. This indicates, for Tillich, a revolution in the very nature of being. The gap is healed and essence can now be found within existence. Thus for Tillich, Christ is not God per se in himself, but Christ is the revelation of God. Whereas traditional Christianity regards Christ as wholly man and wholly God, Tillich believed that Christ was the emblem of the highest goal of man, what God wants men to become. Thus to be a Christian is to make oneself progressively "Christ-like", a very possible goal in Tillich's eyes. In other words, Christ is not God in the traditional sense, but reveals the essence inherent in all existence. Thus Christ is not different from other humans except insofar as he reveals God within his own finitude, something that in principle, all humans can achieve. This page is about the title, office or what is known in Christian theology as the Divine Person. ...

"God does not exist. He is being itself beyond essence and existence. Therefore to argue that God exists is to deny him."

This Tillich quotation summarizes his conception of God. He does not think of God as a being which exists in time and space, because that constrains God, and makes God finite. But all beings are finite, and if God is the Creator of all beings, God cannot logically be finite since a finite being cannot be the sustainer of an infinite variety of finite things. Thus God is considered beyond being, above finitude and limitation, the power or essence of being itself.

Tillich stated that since things in existence are corrupt and therefore ambiguous, no finite thing can be (by itself) infinite. All that is possible is for the finite to be a vehicle for revealing the infinite, but the two should never be confused. This leaves religion in the situation where it should not be taken too dogmatically, because of its conceptual and therefore finite and imperfect nature. True religion is that which correctly reveals the infinite, but no religion can ever do so in any way other than through metaphor and symbol. Thus the whole of the Bible should be understood symbolically, and all spiritual and theological knowledge cannot be other than symbol. This idea is used by theologians as an effective counterpoint to religious fundamentalism. Tillich argued that symbols are immensely important to faith because "faith is the state of being ultimately concerned." Faith without symbols is a form of idolatry. It is faith in something finite, something that can be expressed without symbols, and something that is fundamentally less than the ultimate. Look up fundamentalism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Political views

Tillich became an outspoken socialist in Germany following World War I, writing much on the relation of religion and politics. His main work in this field, The Socialist Decision, was published in 1933 but failed to achieve much prominence since it was quickly suppressed, confiscated by the rising Nazi party, and publicly burned (Adolf Hitler took power the same year). Although Tillich turned chiefly to psychological, ontological and theological themes during his time in the United States, The Socialist Decision represents the culmination of nearly fifteen years' intense preoccupation with the question of religious socialism. Unlike most Christian socialists of his time (and up through the late 20th century), Tillich raised not only a moral Christian demand for socialist policies, but analyzed the very roots of both Christian and socialist thought to find their common and reinforcing foundations. Tillich was also an early member of the famous Frankfurt School, along with thinkers such as Theodor W. Adorno, Leo Lowenthal, Friedrich Pollock, Karl Mannheim, Kurt Riezler, Carl Mennicke and Adolph Lowe. Tillich was, among these, the leading scholar of religion and politics. Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community[1] for the purposes of increasing social and economic equality and cooperation. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... Hitler redirects here. ... Religious socialism describes socialism that is inspired by religious values, such as Christian socialism or Islamic socialism. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Christian socialism. ... For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... Max Horkheimer (front left), Theodor Adorno (front right), and Jürgen Habermas in the background, right, in 1965 at Heidelberg The Frankfurt School is a school of neo-Marxist social theory (which is more akin to anarchism than communism), social research, and philosophy. ... Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund Adorno (September 11, 1903 – August 6, 1969) was a German sociologist, philosopher, pianist, musicologist, and composer. ... Leo Lowenthal (1900-1993) Lowenthal was born in Frankfurt in 1900, the son of assimilated Jews (his father was a physician), and he came of age during the turbulent early years of the Weimar Republic. ... Friedrich Pollock (May 22, 1894 – 1970) was a German social scientist and philosopher. ... Karl Mannheim (March 27, 1893, Budapest - January 9, 1947, London) was a Jewish Hungarian-born sociologist, influential in the first half of the 20th century and one of the founding fathers of classical sociology. ... Kurt Riezler (February 12, 1882 – September 5, 1955) was a German philosopher and diplomat. ... Adolph Lowe (4 March 1893 in Stuttgart, Germany - 3 June 1995 in Wolfenbüttel, Germany; born under the name Adolf Löwe) was a German sociologist and economist. ...

Critical views

Tillich was described as the "last great 19th century theologian" by paleo-orthodox Methodists Stanley Hauerwas and William Willimon in their 1989 book Resident Aliens. They sharply differed with Tillich's understanding of the words, work, and person of Jesus Christ, and wrote that Tillich's innovations were little more than a retelling of 19th century Protestant liberal thought. Thomas Oden Paleo-Orthodoxy is a Christian theological movement of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. ... The United Methodist Church is the largest Methodist denomination, and the second-largest Protestant one, in the United States. ... Stanley Hauerwas (b. ... Bishop William Willimon William H. Willimon is a Bishop in The United Methodist Church, currently serving in North Alabama. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      Liberal Christianity, sometimes called...

C. S. Lewis took issue with Tillich's agreement with Bultmann, that the Christian message needed to be "demythologized," arguing that the mythological terms in which the narrative is expressed are of a far richer and more multi-valent character than Tillich's existential version. Lewis thought that Tillich had unnecessarily demystified the stories, although Lewis' emphasis on myth and Tillich's emphasis on symbol may be interpreted as different ways of expressing the same thing. Nonetheless, Lewis rejected what he saw as Tillich's extreme departure from the traditional story of Christianity. Clive Staples Jack Lewis (29 November 1898 – 22 November 1963), commonly referred to as C. S. Lewis, was an Irish author and scholar. ... Rudolf Karl Bultmann (August 20, 1884 - July 30, 1976) was a German theologian of Lutheran background, who was for three decades professor of New Testament studies at the University of Marburg. ...

In addition to the criticisms of Tillich on the part of the religiously orthodox, he has also been assessed by secular humanist thinkers. Sidney Hook wrote about "The Atheism of Paul Tillich": ... Sidney Hook (December 20, 1902–July 12, 1989) was a prominent New York intellectual and philosopher who championed pragmatism. ...

With amazing courage Tillich boldly says that the God of the multitudes does not exist, and further, that to believe in His existence is to believe in an idol and ultimately to embrace superstition. God cannot be an entity among entities, even the highest. He is being-in-itself. In this sense Tillich's God is like the God of Spinoza and the God of Hegel. Both Spinoza and Hegel were denounced for their atheism by the theologians of the past because their God was not a Being or an Entity. Tillich, however, is one of the most foremost theologians of our time.^[2] Baruch Spinoza Benedictus de Spinoza (November 24, 1632 - February 21, 1677), named Baruch Spinoza by his synagogue elders and known as Bento de Spinoza or Bento dEspiñoza in the community in which he grew up. ... Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 - November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher born in Stuttgart, Württemberg, in present-day southwest Germany. ...

Many academic theologians make similar criticisms of Tillich's view of God. The process theologian Lewis S. Ford accuses Tillich of adopting an impersonal God more akin to Eastern religious conceptions of an impersonal Godhead than the Judaeo-Christian personal one:

In many respects Tillich's writings may be regarded as one long polemic against the view that God is a being. We feel this is his fundamental error. It is an error which jeopardizes the success of his undertaking both religiously and philosophically. The assertion that God is not a being runs counter to the monotheistic character of the Judaeo-Christian tradition, which conceives of God as a living, personal being. It is more akin to the monistic view of the unconditioned, impersonal Brahma of Hinduism.^[3]

Bibliography

• The Religious Situation (1925, Die religiose Lage der Gegenwart), Holt 1932, Meridian Press 1956, online edition
• The Interpretation of History (1936), online edition
• The Protestant Era (1948), The University of Chicago Press, online edition
• The Shaking of the Foundations (1948), Charles Scribner's Sons, a sermon collection, online edition
• Systematic Theology, 1951–63 (3 volumes), University of Chicago Press
  • Volume 1 (1951). ISBN 0-226-80337-6
  • Volume 2: Existence and the Christ (1957). ISBN 0-226-80338-4
  • Volume 3: Life and the Spirit: History and the Kingdom of God (1963). ISBN 0-226-80339-2
• The Courage to Be (1952), Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-08471-4 (2nd ed)
• Love, Power, and Justice: Ontological Analysis and Ethical Applications (1954), Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-500222-9
• Biblical Religion and the Search for Ultimate Reality (1955), University Of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-80341-4
• The New Being (1955), Charles Scribner's Sons, ISBN 0-68471908-8, a sermon collection, online edition, 2006 Bison Press edition with introduction by Mary Ann Stenger: ISBN 0-80329458-1
• Dynamics of Faith (1957), Harper and Row, ISBN 0-06-093713-0
• Theology of Culture (1959), Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-500711-5
• Christianity and the Encounter of the World Religions (1963), Columbia University Press, online edition
• Morality and Beyond (1963), Harper and Row, 1995 edition: Westminster John Knox Press, ISBN 0-66425564-7
• The Eternal Now (1963), Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2003 SCM Press: ISBN 0-33402875-2, university sermons 1955–63, online edition
• Ultimate Concern: Tillich in Dialogue (1965), editor D. Mackenzie Brown, Harper & Row, online edition
• My Search for Absolutes (1967, posthumous), Simon & Schuster, 1984 reprint: ISBN 0-671-50585-8 (includes autobiographical chapter) online edition
• "The Philosophy of Religion", in What Is Religion? (1969), ed. James Luther Adams. New York: Harper & Row
  • "The Conquest of the Concept of Religion in the Philosophy of Religion" in What is Religion?
  • "On the Idea of a Theology of Culture" in What is Religion?
• My Travel Diary 1936: Between Two Worlds (1970), Harper & Row, (edited and published posthumously by J.C. Brauer) online edition
• A History of Christian Thought: From its Judaic and Hellenistic Origins to Existentialism (1972), Simon and Schuster, (edited from his lectures and published posthumously by C. E. Braaten), ISBN 0-671-21426-8;
  • A History of Christian Thought (1968), Harper & Row, online edition contains the first part of the two part 1972 edition (comprising the 38 New York lectures)
• The System of the Sciences (1981), Translated by Paul Wiebe. London: Bucknell University Press.
• The Essential Tillich (1987), (anthology) F. Forrester Church, editor; (Macmillan): ISBN 0-02-018920-6; 1999 (U. of Chicago Press): ISBN 0-226-80343-0

References

1. ^ Chaplaincy and citizenship information from Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia (1999 ed.)
2. ^ Sidney Hook, "The Atheism of Paul Tillich," in Religious Experience and Truth: A Symposium ed. Sidney Hook. (New York University Press, 1961).
3. ^ Ford, Lewis S. "Tillich and Thomas: The Analogy of Being." The Journal of Religion 46:2 (April 1966), p. 243

• 20th Century Theology God & the World in a Transitional Age by Stanley Grenz and Roger E. Olson, p. 114-130
• Paul Tillich's Philosophy of Art (1984), by Michael Palmer, Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, p. 6, 8-9, 66 and 184.
• Paul Tillich, His Life & Thought (1976), by Wilhelm Pauck, Harper & Row, ISBN 0-06-066474-6, 1989 reprint: ISBN 0-06-066469-X

Stanley Grenz Stanley James Grenz (January 7, 1950 Alpene MI _ March 11, 2005) was an American Christian theologian and ethicist in the Baptist tradition. ...

See also

• Liberal Christianity
• Postmodern Christianity
• Progressive Christianity

Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      Liberal Christianity, sometimes called... Postmodern Christianity is an understanding of Christianity that is closely associated with the body of writings known as postmodern philosophy. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Paul Tillich

• Tillich profile, and synopsis of Gifford Lectures
• North American Paul Tillich Society
• Paul Tillich in the German-language Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon with further reading
• James Rosati's sculpture of Tillich's head in the Paul Tillich Park in New Harmony, Indiana
• Tillich Park Finger Labyrinth. Walk Tillich Park while discerning Tillich's theology. Created by Rev. Ressl after an inspirational walk in Tillich Park in New Harmony, Indiana.
• Sermons and lectures – audio recordings on Compact Disc