| The Pays de Caux, is an area in Normandy, occupying the greater part of the French département of Seine Maritime in Haute-Normandie. It is a chalk plateau to the north of the Seine Estuary and extending to the cliffs on the English Channel coast. In the east, it borders on the Pays de Bray where the strata below the chalk show through. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1804x1689, 163 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1804x1689, 163 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Normandy is a geographical region in northern France. ...
The départements (or departments) are administrative units of France, roughly analogous to British counties. ...
Seine-Maritime is a French département in Normandy. ...
Capital Rouen Area 12,317 km² Regional President Alain Le Vern Population - [[As of |]] estimate - 1999 census - Density 1,780,192 145/km² Arrondissements 6 Cantons 112 Communes 1,420 Départements Eure Seine-Maritime Haute-Normandie is a région of France. ...
The Needles, part of the extensive Southern England Chalk Formation Chalk is a soft, white, porous form of limestone composed of the mineral calcium carbonate. ...
For alternate uses of the term, see Plateau (disambiguation). ...
Estuaries and coastal waters are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, providing numerous ecological, economic, cultural, and aesthetic benefits and services. ...
Cliffs on the banks of the River Severn, near Bristol, England In geography, a cliff is a significant vertical, or near vertical, rock exposure. ...
The English Channel ( French:La Manche) is the part of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the island of Great Britain from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. ...
Interstate road cut through limestone and shale strata in eastern Tennessee In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguishes it from contiguous layers. ...
In the Norman language caux means lime or when put into a chemist's terms, calcium carbonate. In French, for comparison, the word is chaux. However the name of the area probably derives from occupation by the Caletes, a Celtic tribe. The Norman language is a Romance language, one of the Oïl languages. ...
Lime is a general term for various naturally occurring minerals and materials derived from them in which carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of calcium predominate. ...
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound, with chemical formula CaCO3. ...
Cauchois is a notable dialect of the Norman language. The Pays de Caux is one of the remaining strongholds of the Norman language outside the Cotentin.
Geography
 Étretat, falaise d'aval and the needle The Pays de Caux is a plateau of Upper Cretaceous chalk, like that which forms the North and South Downs in southern England. Its surface is an undulating plateau but the seaward side has been eroded by the waves so that the coast is formed of high white cliffs in which the small valleys which inland, form the undulations, are truncated leaving what are known locally as valleuses, steep-sided notches in the face of the cliff. They are more or less deeply cut and some form the sites of small towns such as Étretat. The formations left in the eroded cliff there have long attracted artists. See the photograph where Étretat lies to the right, in the valleuse beyond the first ridge. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (768x1024, 444 KB) Cliff in Etretat, picture from User Urban, 2005 File links The following pages link to this file: Pays de Caux ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (768x1024, 444 KB) Cliff in Etretat, picture from User Urban, 2005 File links The following pages link to this file: Pays de Caux ...
A downland is an area of open chalk upland. ...
Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Mer et bateaux, 1883, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. ...
The main towns in the north are on the coast, Fécamp, Yvetot and Étretat. Dieppe, is towards the margin of the region, lying as it does on the same geological fault as formed the Pays de Bray. This fault gave rise to the deep harbour which the Northmen found when they arrived. (The Swedish for deep is djup.) The towns on the plateau are generally small. Of these, the larger, such as Yvetot, Bolbec and Lillebonne are towards the south, on the Rouen-Le Havre axis. The site of Le Havre was once of the Pays de Caux but the town has developed into an entity with a separate nature. Palais de la Bénédictine Fécamp is a commune of the Seine-Maritime département, in France. ...
Yvetot is the main town of the central Pays de Caux, in High Normandy, northern France. ...
Cliff and natural arch in Étretat Étretat is a commune of the Seine-Maritime département in France. ...
Dieppe is a town and commune in the Seine-Maritime département of Haute-Normandie (eastern Normandy), France. ...
Yvetot is the main town of the central Pays de Caux, in High Normandy, northern France. ...
Bolbec is a town of northern France, in the department of Seine-Inferieure, on the Bolbec River, 19 m. ...
Le Havre is a city in Normandy, northern France, on the English Channel, at the mouth of the Seine. ...
The population density of the Pays de Caux is a little above the French average having developed fisheries, on the coast, and flax growing and weaving, on the plateau, as traditional industries. The estuarine ports to the south developed trade up-river towards Rouen and, once hostilities between the Normans and the French had been settled, with Paris. In more recent times, urbanization has spread from Le Havre and more recently still, from the new industrial polder in the Seine Estuary. Binomial name Linum usitatissimum L. Linnaeus, 17?? Common flax (also known as linseed) is a member of the Linaceae family, which includes about 150 plant species widely distributed around the world. ...
Location within France Rouen (pronounced in French, sometimes also ) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northern France, and presently the capital of the Upper Normandy région. ...
The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ...
A polder is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes. ...
The plateau's exposure to the winds of the sea may account for one of the features of the rural architecture of the region; the plain, unadorned farmhouses in farmsteads, typically enclosed by high earth banks, walls and a sheltering square of trees. (see also Architecture of Normandy). The architecture of Normandy spans a thousand years. ...
History Independent Gaul - The Caletes
- Julius Caesar’s account of his military campaigns (Bellum Gallicum, The Gallic War) gives details of the Caletes, ancestors of the Cauchois (see Book II, 4, 9, ; Book VII, 75, 3-4, Book VIII, 7, 4)
Roman Gaul Rescue archaeology undertaken on the line of the A29 autoroute revealed several Gallo-Roman villas. One of the most important is that of Sainte-Marguerite-sur-Mer, on the coast to the west of Dieppe. The archaeologists found a complex of several rooms, organised around a square court. Several of the rooms had been furnished with mosaics. To the north, the baths and other rooms were heated by hypocausts. The materials used were pisé (clay and grit well mixed and rammed down to form a wall), cob (a similar mixture of earth of a buttery consistency or marl, chopped straw and perhaps gravel) and timber framing, typical materials of Normandy’s later building tradition. Gaius Julius Caesar (Latin: IMP·C·IVLIVS·CAESAR·DIVVS¹) (b. ...
Rescue archaeology was a movement of the early 1970s, particularly in Britain which sought to lobby to help stop the loss of archaeological evidence, where it was threatened by building development work in the historic cities, and by agriculture. ...
Autoroute is a French word meaning, literally, a motor road, and corresponding to the words motorway or freeway in English. ...
The Roman Empire contained many villas which were rather like country houses, though suburban villas on the edge of cities were known, such as the Middle and Late Republican villas that encroached on the Campus Martius, then on the edge of Rome. ...
Mosaic is a medium of art that may embody the most meaningful iconography in a cultures most important settings, as in the cathedral of Monreale (below), or it may be a technique of decorative art, an aspect of interior decoration. ...
Ruins of the hypocaust under the floor of a Roman villa. ...
...
The following text is taken from the Household Cyclopedia of 1881: Marl is a material commonly used as fertilizer. ...
Timber framing is the modern term for the traditional half-timbered construction in which timber provides a visible skeletal frame that supports the whole building. ...
Although its name looks Danish (lille means small), Lillebonne is on the site of the main town of the Caletes, the Gaulish tribe of the region. The Roman town was established with the name Juliobonna, under Caesar Augustus and is famous for its Roman theatre. Map of Gaul circa 58 BC Gaul (from Latin Gallia, c. ...
Bust of Augustus Caesar Imperator Caesar Augustus (Latin: IMP•CAESAR•DIVI•F•AVGVSTVS)¹ (23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), known earlier in his life as Gaius Octavius. ...
Roman theatre at Orange, France A Roman theatre is a theatre building built by the Romans. ...
Medieval - In the Merovingian period, the Pays de Caux became distinct from Talou: the ancient city of the Caletes separated into entities or ‘countries’ in the sense of the Latin pagus.
- From the creation of the county of Rouen and of the Duchy of Normandy in 911, the Vikings settled a great number of people in the region and left an enduring legacy in the Cauchois dialect but also in the ethnic makeup of the Cauchois Normans.
Manoirs of the 15th and 16th centuries A manoir (manor house) is in principle, the residence of a seigniorial lord though, in practice, the term now includes country houses of the gentry. As a rule, they are not fortified. Since the Hundred Years War, country houses have not had ramparts and towers. Artillery has rendered them obsolete. The peace and prosperity which were recovered following 1450, offered the option of reconstructing country houses and local materials such as flint and limestone were used. The owners could allow themselves to follow Renaissance style. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2140x1704, 862 KB) Abbey church of Fécamp, Seine-Maritime/ Photo taken by user Urban, December 2004/ GFDL File links The following pages link to this file: Pays de Caux Fécamp ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2140x1704, 862 KB) Abbey church of Fécamp, Seine-Maritime/ Photo taken by user Urban, December 2004/ GFDL File links The following pages link to this file: Pays de Caux Fécamp ...
Palais de la Bénédictine Fécamp is a commune of the Seine-Maritime département, in France. ...
For other uses of the term Merovingian, see Merovingian (disambiguation). ...
Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...
The Duchy of Normandy stems from the Viking invasions of France in the 8th century. ...
This article is about the year 911 A.D. For other uses, see 911 (disambiguation). ...
The name Viking is a loan from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse seafaring warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, the British Isles, and other parts of Europe from the late 8th century to the 11th century, the period of European history referred to as the Viking Age. ...
A manor house is a country houses, which historically formed the centre of a manor (see Manorialism). ...
This article is in need of attention. ...
Events March - French troops under Guy de Richemont besiege the English commander in France, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, in Caen April 15 - Battle of Formigny. ...
Pebble beach made up of flint nodules eroded out of the nearby chalk cliffs, Cape Arkona, Rügen Flint (or flintstone) is a hard, sedimentary cryptocrystalline silica rock with a glassy appearance. ...
Limey shale overlaid by limestone. ...
Most Norman manoirs have a dovecote in the courtyard. A study by historians revealed 635 dove cotes in the three arrondissements of Dieppe, Le Havre and Rouen. Most are round and are permanent structures. The rarities are polygonal and timber-framed. A few to be noted are: A colombier (dovecote) in Jersey A dovecote or dovecot is a building intended to house pigeons or doves, which were an important food source in history. ...
An arrondissement is an administrative division in some francophone countries: France Paris Main article: Arrondissements of Paris The city of Paris, in France is divided into 20 arrondissements. ...
- Manoir de la Bouteillerie, Rouelles, Le Havre, 1531, dovecote of 1631
- Manoir Dubocage de Bléville, Dollemard, Le Havre, 1516
- Manoir d'Harquebosc, Harfleur-Beaulieu
- Manoir de Reauté, between Octeville and Montivilliers, takes its name from a family of the C16th . Contemporary with François I of France and Henry VIII of England.
- Château d'Epremesnil, Epremesnil, 1596, dovecote (note that the fief of Epremenil appears in the list of 1503 but the house, which was bombed in 1944 dates from the C19th. (There must have been an earlier house and perhaps even a fief primitif (low Middle Ages) near the mill of Tauvais )
- Manoir du Grand Clos, C16th.
- Manoir de Séntitot, Bévilliers, 1528 : manoir in brick and stone, with Renaissance sculpture. The fief of Bevilliers was held by Louis de Richebourg and Jehanne Viennens. In 1624, a Protestant chapel (called in France a temple) was built behind the house.
- Manoir du Petit col Moulins, C16th, dovecote.
- Manoir de Vitanval, Sainte-Adresse, first half of the C15th. C16th dovecote. It is a manoir of timber frame construction with a staircase in an external turret. In 1563, the constable de Montmorency stayed there.
- Manoir d'Estouteville, with loggias, built in the C15th by Guillaume d'Estouteville, archbishop of Rouen in 1453.
Literary connections The coast: la côte d'Albâtre (the Alabaster Coast) -
- Guy de Maupassant, Le saut du berger (The Shepherd’s Leap). Originally published in Gil Blas of 9 March 1882 :
«From Dieppe to Le Havre the coast presents an uninterrupted cliff, about a hundred metres high and straight as a wall. Here and there that great line of white rocks drops sharply and a little, narrow valley, with steep slopes, shaved turf and maritime rushes, comes down from the cultivated plateau towards a beach of shingle where it ends with a ravine like the bed of a torrent. Nature has made these valleys; the rains of storms have ended with them in the shape of these ravines, trimming what was left of the cliff, excavating down to the sea, the bed of waters which acts as a passage for mankind. Sometimes, a village is snuggled into these valleys, where the wind of the open sea is devoured.» Francis I of France - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ...
A Constable is a person holding a particular office, most commonly that of law-enforcement. ...
Villa Godi by Palladio. ...
Guy De Maupassant was born in Liverpool. ...
-
- Guy de Maupassant, Pierre et Jean, chapter 6 :
«The cool air, where the smell of the coast and of the gorse, the clover and the grasses, the briny scent of the uncovered rocks, stirred him still as it gently intoxicated him and he made his mind up, a little at each step, each second, each glance thrown at the alert outline of the young woman; he decided not to hesitate in telling her that he loved her and that he wanted to marry her. He would use the peach to induce their tête-à-tête; and besides, it would be a pretty frame, a pretty place for speaking of love, feet in a pool, of limpid water, watching as the long beards of the shrimps fled under the bladder-wrack. When they reached the end of the little valley on the edge of the abyss, the noticed a little path which went down along the cliff, and below them, between the sea and the foot of the mountain, about half way up the slope, a surprising chaos of huge rocks, collapsed, turned upside down, piled together, one on another in a sort of turbulent grassy plain which ran as far as the eye could see towards the south, formed by old landslides. On that long strip of undergrowth and shaken turf, one might have said by the stirring of a volcano, the fallen rocks looked like the ruins of a great vanished city which once looked out onto the ocean, itself dominated by the white, endless wall of the cliff.» Inland: the plateau - Guy de Maupassant admirably describes the rural feeling of the Pays de Caux in his novels.
- For example: drawn from Miss Harriet, published in Le Gaulois of 9 July 1883, under the title Miss Hastings, then, in the compendium Miss Harriet; Maupassant describes a journey by public coach from Etretat to Tancarville:
« It was Autumn. From the two sides of the way the stripped fields extended, yellowed by the short stubble of the harvested oats and wheat which covered the ground like an ill-shaven beard. The misty land seemed to be smoking. The skylarks were singing in the air, other birds piped in the bushes. The sun finally rose before us, all red on the edge of the horizon; and as it climbed, lighter from minute to minute, the countryside seemed to be waking, to smile, shake itself and throw off, like a girl rising from her bed, its shift of white vapour. The Comte d'Etraille, on the seat, cried; "Look, a hare" pointing to the left towards a patch of clover. The animal darted away, almost hidden in the field, showing only its long ears; then it bolted over some plough-land, stopped, set off again in a mad race, changed direction, stopped again, troubled, listening for any danger, undecided which way to go; then started to run again with big bounds of his hindquarters, and he disappeared in a wide square of beet. All the men marvelled, following the creature's progress and gait. » 1883 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
Two writers from Rouen Artistic connections The rugged scenery of the Pays de Caux, within a comparatively short distance from Paris, encouraged artists, including Claude Monet and Gustave Courbet to travel there to paint. Maurice Leblanc (1864-1941) was a French novelist and writer of short stories, known primarily as the creator of the fictional gentleman thief and detective Arsène Lupin, often described as a French counterpart to Conan Doyles creation Sherlock Holmes. ...
Gustave Flaubert Gustave Flaubert (December 12, 1821 – May 8, 1880) is counted among the greatest Western novelists. ...
Claude Monet Oscar-Claude Monet (November 14, 1840 – December 5, 1926) was a French impressionist painter. ...
Gustave Courbet (portrait by Nadar) Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet (June 10, 1819 – December 31, 1877) was a French painter. ...
Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Mer et bateaux, 1883, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Note the Valleuses, one containing a village. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x1700, 360 KB) Description: Title: de: Meer und Klippen Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 51 × 63 cm Country of origin: de: Frankreich Current location (city): de: New York Current location (gallery): de: Metropolitan Museum of Art Other notes: de...
Pierre-Auguste Renoir Pierre-Auguste Renoir (February 25, 1841 – December 3, 1919) was a French artist who painted in the impressionist style. ...
There is also the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), located in Manhattan. ...
State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None (English is de facto) Area 141,205 km² (27th) - Land 122,409 km² - Water 18,795 km² (13. ...
| Monet Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1256x916, 135 KB) Description: Title: de: Durchbrochener Fels bei Etretat Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 75 × 103 cm Country of origin: de: Frankreich Current location (city): de: London Current location (gallery): de: Sammlung Mrs. ...
| Monet Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1256x1013, 173 KB) Description: Title: de: Étretat, der Strand und La Porte dAmont Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 66 × 81 cm Country of origin: de: Frankreich Current location (city): de: Paris Current location (gallery): de: Musée d...
| Courbet Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x1623, 313 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Pays de Caux User:Rl/Images ...
| Bibliography - Michel LECUREUR, Manoirs du pays de Caux, éditions Charles Corlet, Condé-sur-Noireau, 1992 ; ISBN 2-85480-357-4
External link In French. - [http://www.cauxmaritime.com/ The tourist office of the Pays de Caux.
|
Feeds |
Contact