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Pelvimetry is the assessment of the female pelvis is relation to the birth of a baby. Traditional obstetrical services relied heavily on pelvimetry in the conduct of delivery in order to decide if natural or operative vaginal delivery was possible or if and when to use a cesarean section. With the increased safety of modern cesarean section and increased medico legal concerns about use of operative vaginal delivery, the threshold to perform a cesarean section has decreased and the need for pelvimetry diminished. Human male pelvis, viewed from front Human female pelvis, viewed from front The pelvis is the bony structure located at the base of the spine (properly known as the caudal end). ...
Birth is the process in animals by which an offspring is expelled from the body of its mother. ...
Childbirth (also called labo(u)r, birth, partus or parturition) is the culmination of a human pregnancy with the emergence of a newborn infant from its mothers uterus. ...
A caesarean section (cesarean section AE), is a surgical incision through a mothers abdomen (laparotomy) and uterus (hysterotomy) to deliver one or more fetuses. ...
Use
Pelvimetry used to be performed routinely to see if a trial of labour should be allowed. Women whose pelvis were deemed to small were given caesarean section's instead of being allowed to birth naturally. Research indicates that pelvimetry is not a useful diagnostic tool for CPD (see below) and then in all cases trial of labour should be allowed. See Blackadar & Viera, 2003, p505 Childbirth (also called labour, birth, partus or parturition) is the culmination of a human pregnancy with the emergence of a newborn infant from its mothers uterus. ...
Cephalo-pelvic disproportion: CPD Cephalo-pelvic disproportion exists when the capacity of the pelvis is inadequate to allow the fetus to negotiate the birth canal. This may be due to a small pelvis, a nongynecoid (see below) pelvic formation, or a large fetus, and combinations of these. Certain medical conditions may distort pelvic bones, such a rickets or a pelvic fracture, and lead to CPD. X-ray of the legs in a two-year-old child with rickets Rickets is a disorder of infancy and early childhood of multiple etiologies. ...
A fracture is the separation of a body into two, or more, pieces under the action of stress. ...
Terminology The terms used in pelvimetry are commonly used in obstetrics. Clinical pelvimetry attempts to assess the pelvis by clinical examination. Pelvimetry can also be done by radiography and MRI. Radiography is the creation of images by exposing a photographic film or other image receptor to X-rays. ...
The mri are a fictional alien species in the Faded Sun Trilogy of C.J. Cherryh. ...
Pelvic planes - Pelvic inlet: The line between the narrowest bony points formed by the sacral promontory and the inner pubic arch is termed obstetrical conjugate: It should be 11.5 cm or more. This anteroposterior line at the inlet is 2 cm less than the diagonal conjugate (distance from undersurface of pubic arch to sacral promontory).
- Midpelvis: The line between the narrowest bone points connects the ischial spines; it typically exceeds 12 cm.
- Pelvic outlet: The distance between the ischial tuberosities (normally > 10 cm), and the angulation of the pubic arch.
The term promontory has several similar meanings in English, including geographical names: A promontory is a prominent mass of land which overlooks lower lying land or a body of water (e. ...
The ventral and anterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis -- called the pubic bone. ...
Pelvic types Traditional obstetrics characterizes four types of pelvises: - Gynecoid: Ideal shape, with round to slightly oval (obstetrical inlet slightly less transverse) inlet: best chances for normal vaginal delivery.
- Android: triangular inlet, and prominent ischial spines, more angulated pubic arch.
- Anthropoid: inlet transverse is greater than inlet obstetrical diameter.
- Platypelloid: Flat inlet with shortened obstetrical diameter.
Fetal relationship - Engagement: The fetal is engaged if the widest leading part (typically the widest circumference of the head) is negotiating the inlet.
- Station: Relationship of the leading bony part of the fetus to the maternal ischial spines. If at the level of the spines it is at “0(zero)” station, if it passed it by 2 cm it is at “+2” station.
- Attitude: Relationship of fetal head to spine: flexed, neutral (“military”), or extended attitudes are possible.
- Position: Relationship of presenting part to maternal pelvis, i.e. ROP=right occiput posterior, or LOA=left occiput anterior.
- Presentation: Relationship between the leading fetal part and the pelvic inlet: cephalic, breech, or shoulder presentation.
- Lie: Relationship between the longitudinal axis of fetus and mother: longitudinal, oblique, and transverse.
- Caput or Caput succedaneum: edema typically formed by the tissue overlying the fetal skull during the vaginal birthing process.
See also Childbirth (also called labo(u)r, birth, partus or parturition) is the culmination of a human pregnancy with the emergence of a newborn infant from its mothers uterus. ...
Obstetrics is the study of the reproductive process within the female body, including fertilization, pregnancy and childbirth. ...
References - Scott JR, Gibbs RS, Karlan BY, Haney AF: Danforth’s Obsterics and Gynecology. 9th edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia. USA , 2003.
- Blackadar CS, Viera A: "A Retrospective Review of Performance and Utility of Routine Clinical Pelvimetry", AAFP, 2003, v36:7, p505 [1]
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