For other uses see Transport (disambiguation) or Transportation (disambiguation). Transport can mean more than one thing: Transport, in the sense of engineering and infrastructure; see also List of transport topics. ... For the movement of people or objects, see transport. ...

Women in England mourning their lovers who are soon to be transported to Botany Bay, 1792

Transportation or penal transportation is used to refer to the deporting of convicted criminals to a penal colony, for example by France to Devil's Island and by the United Kingdom (then including Ireland) to colonies in the Americas from 1620s to 1770s and New South Wales in the early 1800s. It can also be used generally to describe such activities. The law authorising Penal Transportation passed in 1598. Image File history File links Black-eyed_Sue_and_Sweet_Poll_of_Plymouth_taking_leave_of_their_lovers_who_are_going_to_Botany_Bay. ... Image File history File links Black-eyed_Sue_and_Sweet_Poll_of_Plymouth_taking_leave_of_their_lovers_who_are_going_to_Botany_Bay. ... For other Botany Bays see Botany Bay (disambiguation) Bicentennial Monument at Botany Bay Botany Bay is a bay in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, a few kilometers south of the central business district. ... Deportation is the expelling of someone from a country. ... for other uses please see Crime (disambiguation) A crime is an act that violates a political or moral law. ... A penis colony is a colony used to detain prisoners and generally use them for penal labor in an economically underdeveloped part of the states (usually colonial) territories, and on a far larger scale than a prison farm. ... Devils Island Devils Island (French: ÃŽle du Diable) is the smallest and northernmost island of the three ÃŽles du Salut located off the coast of French Guiana at . ... World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America[1] and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... Slogan or Nickname: First State, Premier State Motto(s): Orta Recens Quam Pura Nites (Newly Risen, How Brightly You Shine) Other Australian states and territories Capital Sydney Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Professor Marie Bashir Premier Morris Iemma (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 50  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004... Events January 7 - Boris Godunov seizes the throne of Russia following the death of his brother-in-law, Tsar Feodor I. April 13 - Edict of Nantes - Henry IV of France grants French Huguenots equal rights with Catholics. ...

Overview

A sentence of transportation could apply for life or for a specific period of time. The penal system required the convicts to work, either on government projects such as road construction, building works and mining, or assigned to free individuals as a source of unpaid labour. Women were expected to work as domestic servants and farm labourers. In law, a sentence forms the final act of a judge-ruled process, and also the symbolic principal act connected to his function. ...

A convict who had served part of his time might apply for a ticket of leave permitting some prescribed freedoms. This enabled some convicts to resume a more normal life, to marry and raise a family, and a few to contribute to the further development of the colonies. Some used the freedom to revert to their previous ways. But exile was an essential component of the punishment. At one time, returning from transportation was a hanging offence.^[1] A ticket of leave was a piece of paper issued to convicts transported from Britain who had served a period of probation, and had shown by their good behaviour that they could be allowed certain freedoms. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Exile (band) may refer to: Exile - The American country music band Exile - The Japanese pop music band Category: ... Hanging is the suspension of a person by a ligature, usually a cord wrapped around the neck, causing death. ...

This notice on a bridge in Dorset warns that damage to the bridge can be punished by transportation.

Transportation punished both major and petty crimes in Great Britain and Ireland from the 17th century until well into the 19th century. At the time it was seen as a more humane alternative to execution, which would most likely have been the sentence handed down to many of those who were transported, if transportation had not been introduced. From the 1620s until the American Revolution the British colonies in North America received transported British criminals, effectively double the period that Australian colonies subsequently received convicts. The American Revolutionary War brought an end to that means of disposal, and the British Government was forced to look elsewhere. A notice on Sturminster Newton bridge. ... A notice on Sturminster Newton bridge. ... Dorset (pronounced DOR-sit or [dÉ”.sÉ™t], and sometimes in the past called Dorsetshire) is a county in the south-west of England, on the English Channel coast. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... Combatants United States (United Colonies prior to July 1776) France Spanish Empire Dutch Republic Polish volunteers Quebec volunteers Prussian volunteers Oneida Tuscarora Great Britain Loyalists Hessian mercenaries Iroquois Confederacy Duchy of Brunswick Commanders George Washington Nathanael Greene Gilbert de La Fayette Comte de Rochambeau Bernardo de Gálvez Tadeusz Ko...

The gaols became more overcrowded and dilapidated ships were brought into service, the 'hulks' moored in various ports as floating gaols. The word Gaol can refer to the following: Gaol American/British English jail, Early Modern English spelling, though this spelling is seldom used today, it is still considered the official spelling in Australian English. ...

Transportation from Britain ended officially in 1868, although it had become unusual several years earlier. Year 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

In British colonial India, freedom fighters were transported to the Cellular Jail in the Andaman islands. Freedom fighter is a relativistic local term for those engaged in rebellion against an established organization that is thought to be oppressive. ... The Cellular Jail (also known as Kaala paani, literally Black water, a term for the deep sea and hence exile) situated in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) was completed in 1906. ... This article or section may be confusing for some readers, and should be edited to be clearer or more simplified. ...

Transportation to Australia

In 1787 penal transportation from Britain commenced to New South Wales, a colony (now a state) in Australia. The First Fleet's arrival there is considered the founding event in Australia's colonial history. Year 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Slogan or Nickname: First State, Premier State Motto(s): Orta Recens Quam Pura Nites (Newly Risen, How Brightly You Shine) Other Australian states and territories Capital Sydney Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Professor Marie Bashir Premier Morris Iemma (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 50  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004... The First Fleet is the name given to the 11 ships which sailed from Great Britain on May 13, 1787 to establish the first European colony in New South Wales. ...

The Second Fleet frequently is regarded as being the group of three convict ships which arrived together at Sydney Cove in Port Jackson, New South Wales in late June 1790. These ships were Surprize, Neptune, and Scarborough. The Second Fleet refers to three convict ships which arrived at Sydney Cove in Port Jackson, New South Wales in June 1790. ...

A more recent view is to consider all the ships which were intended to sail to Australia together in 1789 as constituting the Second Fleet. According to this viewpoint, it should also include the HMS Guardian, Lady Juliana (ship) and Justinian. The HMS Guardian was a World War II-era net laying and photographic ship built in 1932 and scrapped in 1962. ... The Lady Juliana was the first convict ship to arrive at Port Jackson in New South Wales after the First Fleet. ... Justinian may refer to: Justinian I, a Roman Emperor; Justinian II, a Byzantine Emperor; Justinian, a storeship sent to the convict settlement at New South Wales in 1790. ...

The Third Fleet carried over 2,000 prisoners on 11 ships, leaving Great Britain in 1791. The Third Fleet was a fleet of 11 ships which set sail in 1791, with over 2000 convicts. ...

See also

• Banishment
• Deportation
• Devil's Island
• Millbank Prison
• Australian history before 1901
• Convictism in Australia
• Australian penal colonies

See Exile (disambiguation) for other meanings. ... Deportation is the expelling of someone from a country. ... Devils Island Devils Island (French: ÃŽle du Diable) is the smallest and northernmost island of the three ÃŽles du Salut located off the coast of French Guiana at . ... Millbank Prison was a large prison built in Millbank, Pimlico, London. ... Prehistory and aboriginal legends Humans first arrived in Australia through Indonesia and New Guinea, either by paddling canoes across the Timor Sea or by crossing a land bridge across what is now Torres Strait, between New Guinea and Australia. ... A studio photograph of Tasmanian convict Bill Thompson, showing the convict uniform and the use of leg irons. ...

References

1. ^ R v Powell,  Sixth session Proceedings of the Old Bailey 10th July, 1805 t18050710-23, page 401 (Old Bailey 1805-07-10)

• Pardons & Punishments: Judges Reports on Criminals, 1783 to 1830: HO (Home Office) 47 Volumes 304 and 305, List and Index Society, The National Archives, Kew, Surrey, TW9 4DU.

The Old Bailey. ...

External links

• UK National archives
• Convict life - State Library of NSW