Bonaventure Kalou of the Ivory Coast takes a penalty against Dragoslav Jevrić of S&M during the 2006 World Cup.

A penalty kick is a type of free kick in association football (soccer), taken from twelve yards (approximately eleven metres) out from goal and with only the goalkeeper of the defending team between the penalty taker and the goal. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 1872 KB) Description: Penalty shot in the FIFA World Cup game between Ivory Coast and Serbia-Montenegro Date: June 21, 2006 Location: Allianz Arena, Germany Source: http://www. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 1872 KB) Description: Penalty shot in the FIFA World Cup game between Ivory Coast and Serbia-Montenegro Date: June 21, 2006 Location: Allianz Arena, Germany Source: http://www. ... Bonaventure Kalou (born January 12, 1978 in Oumé) is an Ivorian footballer, who plays as a striker. ... First international Côte dIvoire 3 - 2 Dahomey (Madagascar; 13 April 1960) Biggest win Côte dIvoire 6 - 0 Mali (Abidjan, Côte dIvoire; 13 March 1985) Côte dIvoire 6 - 0 Botswana (Abidjan, Côte dIvoire; 11 October 1992) Côte dIvoire 6... Dragoslav Jevrić (Cyrillic: Драгослав Јеврић) (born July 8, 1974 in Ivangrad, Montenegro, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Serbian football goalkeeper who currently plays for Maccabi Tel Aviv. ... First international Czechoslovakia 7 - 0 Yugoslavia[1] (Antwerp, Belgium; 28 August 1920) Brazil 2 - 0 Yugoslavia (Porto Alegre, Brazil; 23 December 1994) Serbia and Montenegro 2 - 2 Azerbaijan (Podgorica, Serbia and Montenegro; 12 February 2003) Czech Republic - Serbia (Prague, Czech Republic; 16 August 2006 Largest win Yugoslavia 10 - 1 India... Qualifying countries The 2006 FIFA World Cup was the eighteenth instance of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international association football world championship tournament. ... A player (wearing the red kit) has penetrated the defence (in the white kit) and is taking a shot at goal. ... A goalkeeper. ...

A penalty kick is performed during normal play. Similar kicks are made in a penalty shootout to determine who progresses after a tied match; though similar in procedure these are not penalty kicks and are governed by different rules. Penalty shootouts, officially named kicks from the penalty mark, are a method sometimes used to decide which team progresses to the next stage of a tournament (or wins the tournament) following a draw in a game of football. ...

Award

A penalty kick may be awarded when a defending player commits a foul punishable by a direct free kick (a so-called penal foul) against an opponent, within their own penalty area (commonly known as "the box" or "18 yard box"). Note that it is the location of the offence — and not the position of the ball — that defines whether a foul is punishable by a penalty kick or direct free kick, provided the ball is in play. A direct free kick A direct free kick is a method of restarting play in a game of association football (soccer) following a foul. ... The penalty area (colloquiallly also known as the 18-yard box or penalty box), is an area of an association football (soccer) field. ...

The referee signals the award of a penalty kick by blowing on their whistle and pointing to the penalty mark. A referee presides over a game of association football (soccer). ...

Procedure

The penalty kick is taken from the penalty mark, which is a midline spot 12 yards from the goal. The penalty kick taker must be clearly identified to the referee. A referee presides over a game of association football (soccer). ...

All players other than the defending goalkeeper and the penalty taker must be outside the penalty area, behind the penalty mark, behind the ball, and at least ten yards from the ball (i.e. outside the penalty arc) until the ball is kicked. The goalkeeper must remain between the goalposts on the goal-line facing the ball until the ball is kicked, but may move from side to side along the goal-line. If the goalkeeper moves forward, then the penalty must be kicked again.

After the referee blows his whistle, which is the signal for the kick to be taken, the kicker must kick the ball in a forward direction (not necessarily at the goal, however this is almost always the case). The ball is in play once it has been kicked and moved, and from this point other players may enter the penalty area and play continues as normal, however most often a goal has already been scored. A whistle is a one-note woodwind instrument which produces sound from a stream of forced air. ...

The penalty kick is a form of direct free kick, meaning that a goal may be scored directly from it. If a goal is not scored, play continues as usual. As with all free kicks, the kicker may not play the ball a second time until it has been touched by another player even if the ball rebounds from the posts. However, a penalty kick is unusual in that, unlike general play, external interference directly after the kick has been taken may result in the kick being retaken, rather than the usual dropped-ball. A dropped-ball (or drop-ball) is a method of restarting play in a game of association football (soccer). ...

An own goal may not be scored by the kicking team, although this would be almost impossible since the ball has to be kicked in a forward direction to be a valid penalty kick. If the ball were to wind up in the kicking team's goal (for example, if the kick were to ricochet off the defending team's goalpost, travel the length of the pitch, and go into the opposite goal), a corner kick would be awarded to the defending team. An own goal can result off a penalty if the defending goalkeeper (or another member of the defending side) were to deflect a stopped or errant shot into the defending team's goal. An own goal occurs in goal-scoring games when a player scores a goal that is registered against his own team. ... In association football a corner kick is awarded if the defensive team is the last to touch the ball before it crosses its own goal line (goal line of the end of the field it is defending) outside of the goal itself (whether by kicking or off the hands of...

Infringements

Infringements of the penalty kick law by either team are dealt with using an advantage concept.

Generally:

• For infringements by the defending team, before the kick is taken, should a goal be scored it stands, otherwise the kick is retaken.
• For infringements by the kicking team, should a goal be scored the kick is retaken, otherwise an indirect free kick is awarded against his side where the infringement occurred.
• For infringements by both teams, the kick is retaken.
• If the kicker plays the ball twice (including following up a rebound off the goalpost not touched by the goalkeeper), an indirect free kick is awarded against his side, from where the offence occurred as is usual for free kicks (Subject to Law 8)

The referee may also caution (yellow card) players for infringements of the penalty kick law, e.g. repeated encroaching into the penalty area. Note that in practice, most minor penalty kick infringements are not penalised. An indirect free kick is a method of restarting play in a game of association football (soccer). ... An indirect free kick is a method of restarting play in a game of association football (soccer). ...

Note that all offences before kick are dealt with in this manner. For example if a defender impedes the progress of an opponent (either towards or away from the penalty area) before the kick is taken (even if the offence is not in the penalty area) then should the kicker not score, the kick will be retaken. Other offences by either the defending or attacking team before the kick regardless of their nature are dealt with subject to the four main requirements above.

Strategy to score a penalty

There are many strategies to take a penalty. The best takers usually try to change speed during their run up to strike the ball. They do this to try and confuse the goalkeeper to jump too early or too late. Perhaps one of the best penalty takers today is defensive midfielder Claude Makélélé. For both club (Chelsea, Real Madrid) and country (France), he takes many of the penalties. He has tough yet accurate shooting and many tricks to fake the goalkeeper into jumping too early. He waits till the goalkeeper has already dived, then easily kicks the ball away from the goalkeeper. When he played for Real Madrid, he would look down into one of the bottom corners, then shoot into the opposite top corner. This shot technique is famously known as the 'Makélelé shot'. Other good takers include: Kaka', Cristiano Ronaldo, Ruud Van Nistelrooy, Gennaro Gattuso, Luis Figo, Dennis Bergkamp, Zinedine Zidane, Landon Donovan, Ronaldinho, Michael Ballack, Dennis Rommedahl, Francesco Totti, Jared Borgetti, Andrea Pirlo, Hernán Crespo, Andriy Shevchenko, Frank Lampard, Rogerio Ceni and the Three-Legged Man. This article is about the Brazilian footballer. ... Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro, OIH (pron. ... Rutgerus Johannes Martinius van Nistelrooy (originally spelled Van Nistelrooij) (born July 1, 1976 in Oss, North Brabant) is a Dutch footballer who plays in the position of centre forward for Real Madrid and the the Dutch national team. ... Gennaro Ivan Rino Gattuso (born January 9, 1978 in Corigliano Calabro) is an Italian World Cup-winning footballer. ... Luís Filipe Madeira Caeiro Figo (pron. ... Dennis Nicolaas Maria Bergkamp (born May 10, 1969 in Amsterdam) is a retired Dutch professional footballer. ... Zinedine Yazid Zidane (IPA: ; born 23 June 1972), popularly nicknamed Zizou, is famous for leading France to winning the 1998 World Cup. ... Landon Timothy Donovan (born March 4, 1982 in Ontario, California), is an American professional soccer player, who is the co-all-time leading scorer for the U.S. National Team (along with Eric Wynalda). ... For other persons named Ronaldinho, see Ronaldinho (disambiguation). ... Michael Ballack (born September 26, 1976 in Görlitz, Saxony region) is a German football player. ... Dennis Rommedahl (born July 22, 1978 in Copenhagen) is a professional Danish footballer, who is currently playing as a winger for Ajax. ... Francesco Totti, Cavaliere Ufficiale OMRI,[1][2] (born 27 September 1976 in Rome) is an Italian football player. ... Jared Francisco Borgetti Echavarría (born August 14, 1973 in Culiacancito, Sinaloa) also known as El Zorro del Desierto is a Mexican football striker of Italian descent, currently playing in Cruz Azul in the Primera División de México. ... Andrea Pirlo, Cavaliere Ufficiale OMRI[1][2], (born May 19, 1979), is an Italian World Cup-winning footballer. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Andriy Mykolayovych Shevchenko (Ukrainian: , born 29 September 1976, Dvirkivschyna, Kiev Oblast) is a Ukrainian football striker who plays for Chelsea in the Premier League. ... Frank James Lampard, Jr. ... Rogério Ceni (born January 22, 1973 in Pato Branco, Paraná (state), Brazil) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper. ...

Strategy to save a penalty

Defending against a penalty kick is one of the most difficult tasks a goalkeeper can face. Due to the short distance between the penalty spot and the goal, there is very little time to react to the shot to try to make the save. Because of this, the goalkeeper will usually start his dive before the ball is actually struck. In effect, the goalkeeper must act on his best prediction about where the shot will be aimed.

As the shooter makes his approach to the ball, the keeper has only a few seconds to "read" the shooter's motions and decide where the ball will go. A goalkeeper may also rely on knowledge of the shooter's past behavior to inform his decision. However, especially in amateur football, the goalkeeper is often forced to guess.

Even if the keeper does manage to block the shot, the ball may rebound back to the shooter or one of his teammates for another shot, with the keeper often in poor position to make a second save. This is not a concern in penalty shoot-outs, where just a single shot is permitted. Penalty shootouts (officially referred to as kicks from the penalty mark) are a method sometimes used to decide which team progresses to the next stage of a tournament (or wins the tournament) following a draw in a game of association football. ...

In practice, the majority of penalty kicks result in success for the shooter. Of 78 penalty kicks taken during FA Premier League 2005-06 season, 57 (about 73%) resulted in a goal. [1] Location of teams in the 2005-06 season The 2005-06 season of the FA Premier League saw Chelsea win their second successive title by defeating Manchester United on 29 April. ...

A German professor who has been studying penalty statistics in the German Bundesliga for 16 years found that 76% of all the penalties during those 16 years went in, and 99% of the shots in the higher half of the goal went in^{[citation needed]}, although the higher half of the goal is generally a more risky target to aim at. The official Bundesliga logo. ...

Ex Liverpool F.C. goalie Jerzy Dudek had the fascinating Dudek Dance that he used in a penalty shootout against AC Milan in the Champions League final in 2005. Another Liverpool F.C. 'keeper Bruce Grobbelaar did his famous spaghetti legs in the 1984 final.Yet another Liverpool goalkeeper Jose Manuel Reina, Pepe as he prefers to be known, has come through two penalty shootouts for Liverpool stopping at least 2 penalties each time. Liverpool Football Club are an English professional football club based in Liverpool, who play in the Premier League; they are historically the most successful club in English football, having won more trophies than any other English club. ... Jerzy Dudek (born March 23, 1973 in Rybnik, Poland) is a Polish football player who plays for La Liga team Real Madrid. ... AC Milan is an Italian football club. ... Champions League may refers to: UEFA Champions League - A major football (soccer) tournament contested by European teams. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Liverpool Football Club are an English professional football club based in Liverpool, who play in the Premier League; they are historically the most successful club in English football, having won more trophies than any other English club. ... Bruce David Grobbelaar (born October 6, 1957 in Durban, South Africa) was a football goalkeeper for Zimbabwe and a number of clubs, most notably Liverpool F.C. during their dominant 1980s period. ... Year 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar). ... A football goalkeeper leaves the ground to parry a shot on goal In many team sports, a goalkeeper (termed goaltender, netminder, goalie, or keeper in some sports) is a designated player that is charged with directly preventing the opposite team from scoring by defending the goal. ... José Manuel Reina Páez (born 31 August 1982 in Madrid, Spain), commonly known as Pepe Reina (his preferred nickname), or José Reina is a professional goalkeeper, son of famed Atlético Madrid goalkeeper Miguel Reina Santos, and currently plays club football for Liverpool. ...

History

The invention of the penalty kick is credited to the goalkeeper and businessman William McCrum in 1890 in Milford, County Armagh, Northern Ireland^[1]. The Irish Football Association presented the idea to the International Football Association Board and finally after much debate, the board approved the idea on 2 June 1891. It was introduced in the 1891-92 season. William McCrum was a wealthy Northern Irish linen manufacturer and sportsman, most famous for being the inventor of the penalty kick in football. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... Milford in County Armagh, Northern Ireland grew up around the linen mill owned by the McCrum family in the nineteenth century. ... Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 km², about a sixth of the islands total area). ... The Irish Football Association (IFA) is the organising body for football in Northern Ireland. ... The International Football Association Board (IFAB) (also known as or simply The International Board) is the body that determines the Laws of the Game of association football (soccer). ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Notes

1. ^ Daily Telegraph Monday 9th April 2007 p5 (see article on Telegraph online)

External links

• FIFA article on the history of the penalty kick