 Penjing in the US National Bonsai and Penjing Museum Penjing (Chinese: 盆景; pinyin: pén jǐng; literally "tray scenery"), also known as tray landscape, potted scenery, potted landscape, and miniature trees and rockery is the ancient Chinese art of growing trees and plants, kept small by skilled pruning and formed to create an aesthetic shape and the complex illusion of age. Penjing is very similar to and the precursor of bonsai. Penjing generally fall into one of three categories depending on what their subject matter is. These categories are Tree Penjing (essentially bonsai), Landscape Penjing, and Water and Land Penjing. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ...
Penjing I took this picture in May, 2003. ...
Penjing I took this picture in May, 2003. ...
For other uses, see Bonsai (disambiguation). ...
Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ...
The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ...
In microeconomics, pruning taken as a metaphor from gardening, refers to the removal of excess items from a budget. ...
Aesthetics (or esthetics) (from the Greek word αισθητική) is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty. ...
For other uses, see Bonsai (disambiguation). ...
History
 Penjing at the Rock and Penjing Museum in Wuhan, China
 Bamboo penjing in Chengdu, China Classical Chinese gardens often contain arrangments of miniature trees and rockeries know as Penjing. These creations of carefully prouned trees and rocks are small-scale rendition of the natural landscape. The are often referred to as living sculptures or as three-dimensional poetry. Their artistic composition captures the spirit of nature and distinguishes them from potted plants. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 487 KB)Cultivated dwarf tree at Rock and Penjing Museum, Wuhan, China. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 487 KB)Cultivated dwarf tree at Rock and Penjing Museum, Wuhan, China. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1116 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Bamboo Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create...
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The Humble Administrators Garden West Lake : Yue Fei Memorial Hall The Chinese (Scholars) Garden is a place for solitary or social contemplation of nature. ...
The penjing originates from China over two thousand years ago and was brought to Japan by imperial embassies to Tang China (the 7th – 9th century). However, the first documented penjing can be traced back to seventh-century China. The documented found in the paved path which led towards Price Zhang Huai's tomb in a miniature landscape. This fresco, which was excavated by archaeologiests in 1972, is probably the world's oldest visual evidence of penjing. Imperial embassies to China were missions to China for importing the technologies and culture of China to Japan. ...
The 7th century is the period from 601 - 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ...
As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was the century that lasted from 801 to 900. ...
Penjing aesthetics The Chinese art of growing miniature trees, properly called penjing, seeks to capture the essence and spirit of nature through contrasts. Philosophically, this craft is influenced by the principle of Taoism, specifically the concept of Yin and Yang: the conceptualization of the universe as governed by two primal opposing but complementary forces. Inspiration is not limited to nature, but also from poetry and visual art, of which factor similar aesthetic considerations. Common themes include dragons and the strokes of fortuitous characters. At its highest level, the artistic value of penjing is on par with that of poetry, calligraphy, brush painting and garden art.[1] Taoism (or Daoism) is the English name referring to a variety of related Chinese philosophical traditions and concepts. ...
Japanese name Kanji: Hiragana: Vietnamese name Vietnamese: In Chinese philosophy the yin and yang (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) are generalized descriptions of the antitheses or mutual correlations in human perceptions of phenomena in the natural world, combining to create a unity of opposites in the theory of the Taiji. ...
Japanese name Hiragana: Kyūjitai: Shinjitai: Korean name Hangul: Hanja: Thai name Thai: Vietnamese name Quốc ngữ: Hán tự: The Chinese dragon is a Chinese mythical creature, depicted as a long, scaled, snake-like creature with four claws. ...
This article is about fortune. ...
This article is about the art form. ...
Contemporary Western Calligraphy. ...
The art of brush painting using brush and ink is of Chinese origin, but has developed extensively throughout the region. ...
Quite small in size, these miniature landscapes include trees which are frequently over a hundred years old. Like the plants in the Chinese garden, they have been carefully selected and tended so that they develop into twisted and gnarled shapes reminiscent of their full-size counterparts in the wild.
As an art form, penjing is an extension of the garden, since it enables an artist to recreate in miniature parts of the natural landscape. Using artificially dwarfed trees and shrubs, these arrangements are created in special trays or pots which are placed on ornately carved wooden stands. Often, rocks and porcelain figurines are added to give the proper scales as part of the natural scenery.
Like the chinese gardens, these miniature landscapes are designed to convey landscapes experienced from various viewpoints - a close-up view, a medium range view or a panorama. The Humble Administrators Garden West Lake : Yue Fei Memorial Hall The Chinese (Scholars) Garden is a place for solitary or social contemplation of nature. ...
Penjing is also often used indors as part of a garden's overall design, since it reiterates the landscape features found outside. Penjing pots grace pavilions, private studies and living rooms, as well as public buildings. They are either free-standing elements within the gardens or are placed on furniture such as a table or bookshelf. Sometimes a lattice display stand is built which adds particular prominence to the penjing specimen and exemplifies the interplay between architicure and nature.
Categories
 Yangzhou Penjing, this style requires the most work
 Penjing tree that shaped according to certain characteristics Tree Penjing (also called shumu penjing in Chinese) are classified just like bonsai, with an emphasis on the layout of the trunk. The usual styles such as straight trunk, slanted trunk and forest prevail. Due to this similarity, only one category of Tree Penjing will be discussed here. This interesting part of the tradition of Tree Penjing is the Literati style (called wenren mu in Chinese), and was originally created by the scholars of China as a method of self-expression. Literati generally have long, thin, tapering trunks and sparse branching. This is a contrast to other Tree Penjing which generally have a more "bushy" quality. Literati generally display four principles that reflect the feelings and ideals of the educated scholars who began the tradition. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ...
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- The first is Gugao (aloofness), which is evident in the long trunk line of the literati and is considered to symbolize the lonely elitist spirit of the scholar. This trunk is typically unusually thin for the height of the tree.
- The second is Jianjie (sparseness), and this principle is basically a lesson in "less is more" and the idea is to create a statement with the smallest number of branches. In this way some Penjing artists equate this principle with calligraphy, because the sparseness of the tree reduces it to lines, but the lines still have deep meaning despite their lack of depth and variety.
- The third principle is Ya (refined elegance) in which the scholars attempted to create a sense of gracefulness and poise within their tree.
- The fourth principle is Pingdan (plainness), in which a plain, subtle, and sometimes austere quality is pursued in order to create a more unpretentious kind of beauty. Essentially the scholars were trying to contrast their "no frills" naturalistic beauty with the more highly decorated and ornate art objects that they saw as inferior because they were considered impediments to the search for true understanding.
- It is also important to bear in mind that Literati are not supposed to be grotesque or deformed, but should simply show a tree that has struggled to overcome obstacles in its lifetime.
- Other qualities that some believe to have influenced the creation of this form are a painful yearning for the past, a perception of being misunderstood, intense loneliness, and a bitter sense of rejection combined with the already elitist attitude of the Chinese scholar community.
Stone is the main medium of Landscape Penjing which seeks to envoke a sense of massive panoramic views within the limited confines of the water tray (called suiban in Japan).
Styles
 Fujian Penjing, specializes in utilization of banyan. Styles of the traditional Penjing in China are mainly classified by the most representative (dominant) plants used, and named after the regions of their origin. Since different plants require different techniques to handle, different styles thus formed. There are more than a dozen styles of traditional Penjing: A group of Ginkgo grown as penjing; photographed in the Montreal botanical gardens by User:aarchiba. ...
A group of Ginkgo grown as penjing; photographed in the Montreal botanical gardens by User:aarchiba. ...
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- Guangdong Style
- Guangdong Style Penjing (粤派盆景) is also called southern ridge penjing (嶺南派盆景), because Guangdong is located south of Nanling. The main characteristic of this style is its natural appeal and the appeal of easy and smooth.
- Jiangsu Style
- Like the culinary art of the Jiangsu cuisine, the art of Jiangsu Penjing (苏派盆景) is also complicated, with the crowns of the trees often being shaped like clouds.
- Sichuan Style
- Sichuan Penjing (川派盆景) tends to be well-knit, simple and unsophisticated, but that does not mean the technique required is simple and easy. Quite on the contrary, in order to make the seeming unsophisticated and simple appeal, a lot of work is needed.
- Yangzhou Style
- Yangzhou Penjing (揚派盆景) is also called northern Jiangsu style (苏北派), it is distinct from Jiangsu style in that this style requires the most work. The three twists of tree trunks is the most distinctive characteristic of this style, which is extremely difficult to master, but once it is done, the result was great. However, many amateurs lack the resource and time needed to master the necessary technique and thus often simplify the process.
- Shanghai Style
- Shanghai Penjing (海派盆景) has influenced the Japanese bonzai, but at the same time, has kept its original artistic origin, which is from the traditional Chinese painting.
- Guangxi Style
- Guangxi Penjing (桂派盆景) reflect the beautiful natural landscape such as that of Guilin. This style utilizes different type of stones considerably more frequent than other styles.
- Anhui Style
- Anhui Penjing (徽派盆景) is most famous for its utilization of ume.
- Zhejiang Style
- Zhejiang Penjing (浙派盆景) specializes in utilization of pine and cypress, often have three to five plants in one tray.
- Fujian Style
- Fujian Penjing (閩派盆景) specializes in utilization of banyan.
- Beijing Style
- Beijing Penjing (京派盆景) reflects its artistic origin from the ancient traditional Chinese architecture in Beijing. The branches are often horizontal and the crowns of the trees are often in hemisphere or in the form of traditional folding fan.
- Taiwan Style
- Taiwan Penjing (台灣盆景) is a cross of Japanese bonzai and traditional Chinese Penjing.
- Hubei Style
- Hubei Penjing (湖北盆景) enphasizes on the producing the sense of dynamic feelings by the static plants and rocks, and thus also called Dynamic Penjing (动势盆景).
- Xuzhou Style
- Xuzhou Penjing (徐州盆景) is a branch of Jiangsu style, but it is distinct enough to be listed separately for hundreds of years for its utilization of fruit trees.
- Zhongzhou Style
- Zhongzhou Penjing (中州盆景) specializes in utilizing tamarisk.
Not to be confused with the former Kwantung Leased Territory in north-eastern China. ...
Not to be confused with the former Kwantung Leased Territory in north-eastern China. ...
The Nanling (simplified characters: å—å², traditional characters å—嶺) are a group of mountain ranges of southern China, running through Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangdong province, and Hunan province. ...
This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ...
The crown of woody plants (trees, shrubs) is the totality of branches, twigs and leaves extending from the trunk or main stems. ...
The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ...
For other uses, see Cloud (disambiguation). ...
(Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: SzÅ4-chuan1; Postal map spelling: Szechwan and Szechuan) is a province in the central-western China with its capital at Chengdu. ...
Yangzhou (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; former spellings: Yang-chou, Yangchow; literally Rising Prefecture) is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu province, Peoples Republic of China. ...
For other uses, see Shanghai (disambiguation). ...
Bonzai can refer to: Bonzai Records, a Belgium-based record label Bonzai Linux, a Debian-based Linux distribution Buckaroo Banzai (The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension), cult film Bonzai can also be an misspelling of bonsai, the art of growing trees and plants or banzai, a Japanese...
Wall scroll painted by Ma Lin in 1246. ...
Guangxi (Zhuang: Gvangjsih; old orthography: ; Simplified Chinese: 广西; Traditional Chinese: 廣西; Pinyin: GuÇŽngxÄ«; Wade-Giles: Kuang-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Kwangsi), full name Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Zhuang: Gvangjsih Bouxcuengh Swcigih; old orthography: ; Simplified Chinese: 广西壮æ—自治区; Traditional Chinese: 廣西壯æ—自治å€; Pinyin: GuÇŽngxÄ« Zhuà ngzú ZìzhìqÅ«) is a Zhuang autonomous region of...
position of Guilin in Guangxi Guilin in Guangxi Guilin (Chinese: æ¡‚æž—; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kuei-lin, Postal System Pinyin: Kweilin; Zhuang: Gveilinz) is one of Chinas most picturesque cities, with a population of 670,000, situated in the northeast of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of the Peoples...
Anhui (Chinese: 安徽; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: An-hui; Postal System Pinyin: Ngan-hui, Anhwei or An-hwei) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China. ...
Binomial name Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc. ...
Zhejiang (also spelled Chehkiang or Chekiang) is an eastern coastal province of the Peoples Republic of China. ...
This article deals with the tree; for the e-mail client see Pine email client Species About 115. ...
Genera Actinostrobus Athrotaxis Austrocedrus Callitris - Cypress-pine Callitropsis - Cypress * (Cupressus) Calocedrus - Incense-cedar Chamaecyparis - Cypress Cryptomeria - Sugi Cunninghamia - Cunninghamia Cupressus - Cypress Diselma - Diselma Fitzroya - Alerce Fokienia - Fujian Cypress Glyptostrobus - Chinese Swamp Cypress Juniperus - Juniper Libocedrus Metasequoia - Dawn Redwood Microbiota - Microbiota Neocallitropsis Papuacedrus * (Libocedrus) Pilgerodendron * (Libocedrus) Platycladus - Chinese Arborvitae Sequoia - Coast...
(Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal map spelling: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kià n) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ...
Species Many; see text for examples Banyan (genus Ficus, subgenus Urostigma) is a subgenus of many species of tropical figs with an unusual growth habit. ...
This article is about building architecture. ...
Peking redirects here. ...
The crown of woody plants (trees, shrubs) is the totality of branches, twigs and leaves extending from the trunk or main stems. ...
The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ...
It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ...
Bonzai can refer to: Bonzai Records, a Belgium-based record label Bonzai Linux, a Debian-based Linux distribution Buckaroo Banzai (The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension), cult film Bonzai can also be an misspelling of bonsai, the art of growing trees and plants or banzai, a Japanese...
Hubei (Chinese: 湖北; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hu-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hupeh) is a central province of the Peoples Republic of China. ...
Xuzhou (Chinese: å¾å·ž; Hanyu Pinyin: ), known as Pengcheng (Chinese: å½åŸŽ; Hanyu Pinyin: ) in ancient times, is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Jiangsu province, Peoples Republic of China. ...
Jiangsu (Simplified Chinese: 江è‹; Traditional Chinese: 江蘇; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang-su; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsu) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. ...
Species Tamarix africana Tamarix anglica Tamarix aphylla Tamarix canariensis Tamarix chinensis Tamarix dioica Tamarix gallica Tamarix hispida Tamarix indica Tamarix juniperina Tamarix parviflora Tamarix ramosissima Tamarix tetrandra The genus Tamarix, known as tamarisk or (US) saltcedar, comprises about 50-60 species of deciduous or evergreen shrubs or small trees growing...
Maintenance and Care The maintenance and care of penjing trees are similar to that of the bonsai. For other uses, see Bonsai (disambiguation). ...
See also For other uses, see Bonsai (disambiguation). ...
The Humble Administrators Garden West Lake : Yue Fei Memorial Hall The Chinese (Scholars) Garden is a place for solitary or social contemplation of nature. ...
This page aims to list articles on Wikipedia that are related to Organic gardening and Organic farming. ...
References - ^ Cite error 8; No text given.
- Zhao, Quingquan. Penjing: Worlds of Wonderment. Venus Communications, LLC.
- Hu Yunhua, Penjing: The Chinese Art of Miniature Gardens. (Beaverton, Oregon: Timber Press in cooperation with the American Horticultural Society, 1982) p.7.
- Chen Lifang and Yu Sianglin, The Garden Art of China. (Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, 1986)p.149.
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