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This article is about the U.S. State. For other uses, see Pennsylvania (disambiguation). Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Flag of Pennsylvania Seal Nickname(s): Keystone State, Quaker State, Coal State, Oil State, State of Independence Motto(s): Virtue, Liberty and Independence Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Largest metro area Delaware Valley Area  Ranked 33rd in the US  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2.7  - Latitude 39° 43′ N to 42° 16′ N  - Longitude 74° 41′ W to 80° 31′ W Population  Ranked 6th in the US  - Total 12,281,054  - Density 274.02/sq mi  105.80/km² (10th in the US) Elevation    - Highest point Mount Davis[1] 3,213 ft  (979 m)  - Mean 1,099 ft  (335 m)  - Lowest point Delaware River[1] 0 ft  (0 m) Admission to Union  December 12, 1787 (2nd) Governor Ed Rendell (D) Lieutenant Governor Catherine Baker Knoll (D) U.S. Senators Arlen Specter (R) Bob Casey, Jr. (D) Congressional Delegation List Time zone Eastern: UTC-5/-4 Abbreviations PA Penna. US-PA Website www.pa.gov The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (IPA: /ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə/), often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation) by natives and Northeasterners, is a state located in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States of America. Pennsylvania can mean: Pennsylvania, one of the United States. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Pennsylvania. ... State seal of Pennsylvania. ... The flag of Pennsylvania consists of a blue field on which is embroidered the state coat of arms surrounded by draft horses on both sides, and a bald eagle, which represents the new nation, above. ... The Pennsylvania State Seal has a central image of a crest containing a ship under full sail, a plow, and three sheaves of wheat. ... This is a list of U.S. state nicknames -- both official and traditional (official state nicknames are in bold). ... Here is a list of state mottos for the states of the United States. ... Image File history File links Map_of_USA_PA.svg‎ File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Pennsylvania ... Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, site of first U.S. capital. ... This article is about the capital city of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. ... For other uses, see Philadelphia (disambiguation) and Philly. ... In the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has produced a formal definition of metropolitan areas. ... The Delaware Valley is a term used widely to refer to the metropolitan area centered on the city of Philadelphia in the United States. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... This is a complete list of the states of the United States ordered by total area, land area, and water area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... “km” redirects here. ... Map of states populations (2007) This is a list of states of the United States by population (with inhabited non-state jurisdictions included for comparison) as of July 1, 2007, according to the 2007 estimates of the United States Census Bureau. ... Map of states showing population density This is a list of the 50 U.S. states, ordered by population density. ... This is a list of United States states by elevation. ... Mount Davis is the highest mountain in Pennsylvania, located in the 5,685 acre (23. ... For the Delaware River in Kansas, see Delaware River (Kansas). ... The order which the original 13 states ratified the constitution, then the order that the others were admitted to the union This is a list of U.S. states by date of statehood, that is, the date when each U.S. state joined the Union. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... Edward Gene Ed Rendell (born January 5, 1944) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party. ... This is a complete and current List of United States Lieutenant Governors. ... Catherine Baker Knoll (born September 3, 1930 in McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania) is the present lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania. ... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... Arlen J. Specter (born February 12, 1930) is a United States Senator from Pennsylvania. ... Robert Patrick Casey, Jr. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... Map of Pennsylvania, depicting its congressional districts since the 108th Congress. ... Map of U.S. time zones with new CST and EST areas displayed This is a list of United States of America States by time zone. ... EST is UTC-5 The North American Eastern Standard Time Zone (abbreviated EST) is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting five hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) resulting in UTC-5. ... ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... The following is a list of abbreviations used by the United States Postal Service. ... U.S. states This is a list of traditional abbreviations for U.S. states and territorries, which were in wide use prior to the U.S. postal abbreviations. ... ISO 3166-2 codes for the United States of America cover 50 states, 1 district, 6 outlying areas (including 9 minor outlying islands under separate ISO 3166-1 country code UM). ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... Map of the US northeast. ... It has been suggested that Middle Atlantic States be merged into this article or section. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... Pennsylvania has been known as the Keystone State since 1802,[2] based in part upon its central location among the original Thirteen Colonies forming the United States.[2] It was also a keystone state economically, having both the industry common to the North, making such wares as Conestoga wagons[3] and rifles,[4] and the agriculture common to the South, producing feed, fiber, food, and tobacco.[5] In architecture, a keystone is the stone at the top of an arch. ... In 1775, the British claimed authority over the red and pink areas on this map and Spain ruled the orange. ... Regional definitions vary from source to source. ... The Conestoga Wagon is a heavy, broad-wheeled covered freight carrier used extensively during the United States Westward Expansion in the late 1700s and 1800s. ... The term Long Rifle (or alternately Kentucky Rifle) refers to a type of rifle used in early America by both military and civilians. ... Historic Southern United States. ... Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. ... Another one of Pennsylvania's nicknames is the Quaker State; in colonial times, it was known officially as the Quaker Province,[6] in recognition of Quaker[7] William Penn's First Frame of Government[8] constitution for Pennsylvania that guaranteed liberty of conscience. He knew of the hostility[9] Quakers faced when they opposed religious ritual, taking oaths, violence, war and military service, and what they viewed as ostentatious frippery.[10] Quaker redirects here. ... A map of the Province of Pennsylvania. ... For other uses, see William Penn (disambiguation). ... Penns draft of the First Frame The Frame of Government of Pennsylvania was a constitution for the Pennsylvania Colony, a proprietary colony granted to William Penn by Charles II of England. ... For other uses, see Freedom. ... François Chifflart (1825-1901), The Conscience (after Victor Hugo) Conscience is an ability or faculty or sense that leads to feelings of remorse when we do things that go against our moral values, or which informs our moral judgment before performing such an action. ... Pennsylvania has 51 miles (82 km)[11] of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles (92 km)[12] of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary. Philadelphia is Pennsylvania's largest city and is home to a major seaport and shipyards on the Delaware River.[13] Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... For other uses, see Philadelphia (disambiguation) and Philly. ... For the Delaware River in Kansas, see Delaware River (Kansas). ... Contents 1 Geography 2 Climate 3 History 4 Demographics 4.1 Religion 5 Economy 5.1 Manufacturing 5.2 Agriculture 5.3 Tourism 6 Politics 6.1 Government of the Commonwealth 6.2 Representation in the 110th Congress 6.3 Regional strength 7 Important cities and municipalities 8 Recreation 9 Transportation 10 Sports 11 Food 12 State symbols 13 See also 14 References 15 External links [edit] Geography Further information: Geography of Pennsylvania Further information: List of Pennsylvania counties Map of Pennsylvania, showing major cities and roads Pennsylvania is 170 miles (274 km) north to south and 283 miles (455 km) east to west.[14] Of a total 46,055 square miles (119,282 km²), 44,817 square miles (116,075 km²) are land, 490 square miles (1,269 km²) are inland waters and 749 square miles (1,940 km²) are waters in Lake Erie.[15] It is the 33rd largest state in the United States.[15] The highest point of 3,213 feet (979 m) above sea level is at Mount Davis, which was named for its owner, John Davis, a schoolteacher who fought for the Union Army at the Battle of Gettysburg. The lowest point is at sea level on the Delaware River, and the approximate mean elevation is 1,100 feet (335 m).[16] Pennsylvania is in the Eastern time zone.[17] Pennsylvania cities and rivers The Geography of Pennsylvania is complex and interesting, and has played an important role in the nations history. ... List of Pennsylvania counties: Pennsylvania counties Adams County, formed in 1800 from parts of York County. ... File links The following pages link to this file: Pennsylvania Categories: National Atlas images | Pennsylvania maps ... File links The following pages link to this file: Pennsylvania Categories: National Atlas images | Pennsylvania maps ... This is a complete list of the states of the United States ordered by total area, land area, and water area. ... For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ... Mount Davis is the highest mountain in Pennsylvania, located in the 5,685 acre (23. ... The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America Commanders George G. Meade Robert E. Lee Strength 93,921[1] 71,699[2] Casualties 23,055 (3,155 killed, 14,531 wounded, 5,369 captured/missing)[1] 23,231 (4,708 killed, 12,693 wounded, 5,830 captured/missing... For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ... This article is about mathematical mean. ... Metronome, a public art installation showing the time in New York City The Eastern Time Zone (ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of Northern America and the west coast of South America. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Counties of Pennsylvania The original southern boundary of Pennsylvania was supposed to be at 40° North latitude,[18] but as a result of a bad faith compromise by Lord Baltimore during Cresap's War, the king's courts moved the boundary 20 miles (32 km) south[19] to 39° 43' N.[14] The city of Philadelphia, at 40°0'N 75°8'W,[20] would have been split in half by the original boundary. While he was a captive, Cresap, a Marylander, was paraded through Philadelphia. He taunted the officers by announcing that Philadelphia was one of the prettiest towns in Maryland.[19] Download high resolution version (865x532, 52 KB) SOURCE: http://www. ... Download high resolution version (865x532, 52 KB) SOURCE: http://www. ... Baron Baltimore is a defunct title in the Peerage of Ireland. ... Cresaps War was a border conflict between Pennsylvania and Maryland, fought in the 1730s. ... Colonel Thomas Cresap (1702–1790) was a pioneer settler in the state of Maryland. ... [edit] Climate Main article: Climate of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania's diverse geography also produces a variety of climates. Straddling two major zones, the southeastern corner of the state has the warmest climate. Greater Philadelphia lies at the southernmost tip of the humid continental climate zone, with some characteristics of the humid subtropical climate that lies in Delaware and Maryland to the south. Moving toward the mountainous interior of the state, the climate becomes markedly colder, the number of cloudy days increases, and winter snowfall amounts are greater. Western areas of the state, particularly cities near Lake Erie, can receive over 100 inches (250 cm) of snowfall annually, and the entire state receives plentiful rainfall throughout the year. For other uses, see Philadelphia (disambiguation) and Philly. ... The humid continental climate is a climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between polar and tropical air masses. ... The humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) is a climate zone characterized by hot, humid summers and chilly to mild winters. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Largest metro area Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 42nd  - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 km²)  - Width 101 miles (145 km)  - Length 249 miles (400 km)  - % water 21  - Latitude 37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... Monthly Normal High and Low Temperatures For Various Pennsylvania Cities City Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Scranton 34/18 37/20 47/28 59/38 71/48 78/57 83/61 81/60 72/53 61/42 49/34 39/24 Erie 33/20 36/21 45/28 56/38 67/49 76/59 80/64 79/63 72/56 61/46 49/36 39/27 Pittsburgh 37/20 39/21 50/29 62/38 71/48 80/56 85/62 83/60 76/53 64/41 53/33 42/25 Harrisburg 38/23 41/25 51/33 63/42 73/51 81/61 86/66 84/64 76/57 64/45 53/36 42/28 Philadelphia 39/25 42/28 51/35 62/44 72/55 81/64 86/70 84/69 77/61 66/49 55/40 44/31 [citation needed] [edit] History Main article: History of Pennsylvania Before the Commonwealth was settled, the area was home to the Delaware (also known as Lenni Lenape), Susquehannock, Iroquois, Eries, Shawnee, and other Native American tribes.[21] The History of Pennsylvania is as varied as any in the American experience and reflects the melting pot vision of the United States. ... For the language, see Lenape language. ... Susquehannock The Susquehannock people were natives of areas adjacent to the Susquehanna River and its tributaries from the southern part of what is now New York, through Pennsylvania, to the mouth of the Susquehanna in Maryland at the north end of the Chesapeake Bay. ... For other uses, see Iroquois (disambiguation). ... The Eries were a Native American tribe. ... This article is about the Native American tribe. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... John Dickinson In 1681, Charles II granted a land charter[22] to William Penn, to repay a debt of £20,000 ($20,000,000 in today’s money) owed to William's father, Admiral Penn. This was one of the largest land grants to an individual in history.[23] It was called Pennsylvania, meaning "Penn's Woods", in honor of Admiral Penn. http://teachpol. ... http://teachpol. ... John Dickinson (November 2, 1732 – February 14, 1808) was an American lawyer, artist and politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Wilmington, Delaware. ... Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. ... For other uses, see William Penn (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Admiral (disambiguation). ... Admiral Sir William Penn, 1621–1670 by Sir Peter Lely, painted 1665–1666. ... Penn established a government with two innovations that were much copied in the New World: the county commission, and freedom of religious conviction.[23] Between 1730 and when it was shut down by Parliament with the Currency Act of 1764, the Pennsylvania Colony made its own paper money to account for the shortage of actual gold and silver. The paper money was called Colonial Scrip. The Colony issued "bills of credit" which were as good as gold or silver coins because of their legal tender status. Since they were issued by the government and not a banking institution, it was an interest-free proposition, largely defraying the expense of the government and therefore taxation of the people. It also promoted general employment and prosperity since the Government used discretion and did not issue too much to inflate the currency. Benjamin Franklin had a hand in creating this currency, of which he said its utility was never to be disputed, and it also received the high praise of Adam Smith.[citation needed] Colonial Scrip was paper money issued by the colonies in the revolution/pre-revolution era. ... Benjamin Franklin (January 17 [O.S. January 6] 1706 – April 17, 1790) was one of the most well known Founding Fathers of the United States. ... For other persons named Adam Smith, see Adam Smith (disambiguation). ... After the Stamp Act Congress of 1765, Delegate John Dickinson of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania wrote the Declaration of Rights and Grievances. The Congress was the first meeting of the thirteen colonies, called at the request of the Massachusetts Assembly, but only nine colonies sent delegates.[24] Dickinson then wrote Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, To the Inhabitants of the British Colonies, which were published in the Pennsylvania Chronicle between December 2, 1767, and February 15, 1768.[25] The Stamp Act Congress was a meeting in New York City in October of 1765 consisting of delegates from 9 of the 13 colonies that discussed and acted upon the recently passed Stamp Act. ... John Dickinson (November 2, 1732 – February 14, 1808) was an American lawyer, artist and politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Wilmington, Delaware. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... In 1775, the British claimed authority over the red and pink areas on this map and Spain ruled the orange. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1767 (MDCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... When the Founding Fathers of the United States were to convene in Philadelphia in 1774, 12 colonies sent representatives to the First Continental Congress.[26] The First Continental Congress drew up and signed the Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia,[27] but when that city was captured by the British, the Continental Congress escaped westward, meeting at the Lancaster courthouse on Saturday, September 27, 1777, and then to York. There they drew up the Articles of Confederation that formed 13 independent colonies into a new nation. Later, the Constitution was written, and Philadelphia was once again chosen to be cradle to the new American Nation.[28] Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States, by Howard Chandler Christy. ... The First Continental Congress was a body of representatives appointed by the legislatures of twelve North American colonies of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1774. ... The United States Declaration of Independence was an act of the Second Continental Congress, adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the Thirteen Colonies in North America were Free and Independent States and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to... , Official name: City of Lancaster Nickname: The Red Rose City Country  United States State  Pennsylvania County Location Penn Square  - coordinates , Highest point  - elevation 368 ft (112 m) Area 7. ... is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1777 (MDCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Nickname: Coordinates: , Country United States State Pennsylvania County York Incorporated  - Borough September 24, 1787  - City January 11, 1887 Government  - Mayor John Brenner Area  - City  5. ... The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, commonly known as the Articles of Confederation, was the first governing document, or constitution, of the United States of America. ... Pennsylvania became the second state to ratify the U.S. Constitution on December 12, 1787,[29] five days after Delaware became the first. Page I of the Constitution of the United States of America Page II of the United States Constitution Page III of the United States Constitution Page IV of the United States Constitution The Syng inkstand, with which the Constitution was signed The Constitution of the United States is the supreme... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... The "Redbrick Capitol", used from 1821 until it burned in 1897 Dickinson College of Carlisle was the first college founded in the United States. Established in 1773, the college was ratified five days after the Treaty of Paris on September 9th, 1783. The school was founded by Benjamin Rush and named after John Dickinson. Image File history File links HillsCapitol. ... A mermaid sits atop Dickinson Colleges Old West. ... Coordinates: , Country State County Cumberland Founded 1751 Government  - Mayor Kirk R. Wilson Area  - Borough  5. ... Painting by Benjamin West depicting (from left to right) John Jay, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Henry Laurens, and William Temple Franklin. ... Dr. Benjamin Rush, painted by Charles Willson Peale, c. ... For half a century, the Commonwealth's legislature met at various places in the general Philadelphia area before starting to meet regularly in Independence Hall in Philadelphia for 63 years.[30] But it needed a more central location, as for example the Paxton Boys massacres of 1763 had made them aware. So, in 1799 the legislature moved to the Lancaster Courthouse,[30] and finally in 1812 to Harrisburg.[30] The legislature met in the old Dauphin County Court House until December 1821,[30] when the Redbrick Capitol was finished. It burned down in 1897, presumably due to a faulty flue.[30] The legislature met at Grace Methodist Church on State Street (still standing), until the present capitol was finished in 1907.[30] The Paxton Boys were a group of backcountry frontiersmen from western Pennsylvania who banded together to defend themselves against Indian attack during Pontiacs Rebellion. ... , Official name: City of Lancaster Nickname: The Red Rose City Country  United States State  Pennsylvania County Location Penn Square  - coordinates , Highest point  - elevation 368 ft (112 m) Area 7. ... This article is about the capital city of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. ... Dauphin County is a county located in the state of Pennsylvania and is one of four counties comprising the greater Harrisburg metropolitan area. ... A flue is a duct, pipe, or chimney for conveying exhaust gases from a fireplace, furnace, water heater, boiler, or generator to the outdoors. ... The new state Capitol drew rave reviews.[30] Its dome was inspired by the domes of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome and the United States Capitol.[30] President Theodore Roosevelt called it the "the most beautiful state Capitol in the nation", and said "It's the handsomest building I ever saw" at the dedication. In 1989, the New York Times praised it as "grand, even awesome at moments, but it is also a working building, accessible to citizens ... a building that connects with the reality of daily life".[30] The State Capitol of Pennsylvania, located in downtown Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, is the seat of government of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. ... This article is about the famous building in Rome. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ... For other persons named Theodore Roosevelt, see Theodore Roosevelt (disambiguation). ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... Pennsylvania accounts for 9% of all wooded areas in the United States James Buchanan, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, was the only bachelor President of the United States.[31] The Battle of Gettysburg — the major turning point of the Civil War — took place near Gettysburg.[32] An estimated 350,000 Pennsylvanians served in the Union Army forces along with 8,600 African American military volunteers.[33] For other persons named James Buchanan, see James Buchanan (disambiguation). ... , Official name: City of Lancaster Nickname: The Red Rose City Country  United States State  Pennsylvania County Location Penn Square  - coordinates , Highest point  - elevation 368 ft (112 m) Area 7. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America Commanders George G. Meade Robert E. Lee Strength 93,921[1] 71,699[2] Casualties 23,055 (3,155 killed, 14,531 wounded, 5,369 captured/missing)[1] 23,231 (4,708 killed, 12,693 wounded, 5,830 captured/missing... Gettysburg is a borough 38 miles (68 km) south by southwest of Harrisburg in Adams County, Pennsylvania, USA, of which it is the county seatGR6. ... The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... A military volunteer is a person who enlists in military service by free will, and is not a mercenary or a foreign legionaire. ... Pennsylvania was also the home of the first commercially drilled oil well. In 1859, near Titusville, Pennsylvania, Edwin L. Drake successfully drilled the well, which led to the first major oil boom in United States history. Titusville is a city located in Crawford County, Pennsylvania. ... See also: List of Pennsylvania firsts  and List of people from Pennsylvania This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Pennsylvania is the birthplace of many famous Americans. ... [edit] Demographics Further information: List of people from Pennsylvania Demographics of Pennsylvania (csv) By race White Black AIAN Asian NHPI AIAN is American Indian or Alaskan Native — NHPI is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 2000 (total population) 87.60% 10.71% 0.43% 2.04% 0.07% 2000 (Hispanic only) 2.74% 0.44% 0.06% 0.03% 0.02% 2005 (total population) 86.83% 11.20% 0.45% 2.46% 0.09% 2005 (Hispanic only) 3.52% 0.53% 0.07% 0.05% 0.02% Growth 2000–2005 (total population) 0.32% 5.83% 5.64% 22.23% 18.99% Growth 2000–2005 (non-Hispanic only) -0.64% 5.21% 2.77% 21.86% 14.13% Growth 2000–2005 (Hispanic only) 29.86% 20.24% 23.61% 45.64% 35.44% The center of population of Pennsylvania is located in Perry County, in the borough of Duncannon [1]. Pennsylvania is the birthplace of many famous Americans. ... Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the United States Census Bureau and the Federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB), is a self-identification data item in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify. ... Center of population is a subject of study in the field of demographics. ... Perry County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and is one of four counties comprising the greater Harrisburg metropolitan area. ... Duncannon is a borough located in Perry County, Pennsylvania. ... As of 2006, Pennsylvania has an estimated population of 12,440,621, which is an increase of 35,273 from the previous year, and an increase of 159,567 since the year 2000. Net migration from other states resulted in a decrease of 27,718, and immigration from other countries resulted in an increase of 126,007. Net migration to the Commonwealth was 98,289. Migration of native Pennsylvanians resulted in a decrease of 100,000 people. In 2006, 5.00% of Pennsylvanians were foreign born (621,480 people).[34] The state has an estimated 2005 poverty rate of 11.9%.[35] The state also has the 3rd highest proportion of elderly (65+) citizens in 2005.[35] Net migration rates for 2006: positive (blue), negative (orange) and stable (green). ... Old age consists of ages nearing the average lifespan of human beings, and thus the end of the human life cycle. ... Foreign-born Pennsylvanians are largely from Asia (36.0%), Europe (35.9%), Latin America (30.6%), 5% coming from Africa, 3.1% coming from North America, and 0.4% coming from Oceania. For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... North American redirects here. ... Pennsylvania Population Distribution Pennsylvania's reported population of Hispanics, especially among the Asian, Hawaiian and White races, has markedly increased in recent years.[36] It is not clear how much of this change reflects a changing population, and how much reflects increased willingness to self-identify minority status. Image File history File links Pennsylvania_population_map. ... Image File history File links Pennsylvania_population_map. ... Historical populations Census Pop.  %± 1790 434,373 — 1800 602,365 38.7% 1810 810,091 34.5% 1820 1,049,458 29.5% 1830 1,348,233 28.5% 1840 1,724,033 27.9% 1850 2,311,786 34.1% 1860 2,906,215 25.7% 1870 3,521,951 21.2% 1880 4,282,891 21.6% 1890 5,258,113 22.8% 1900 6,302,115 19.9% 1910 7,665,111 21.6% 1920 8,720,017 13.8% 1930 9,631,350 10.5% 1940 9,900,180 2.8% 1950 10,498,012 6.0% 1960 11,319,366 7.8% 1970 11,793,909 4.2% 1980 11,863,895 0.6% 1990 11,881,643 0.1% 2000 12,281,054 3.4% Pennsylvania's population was reported as 5.9% under 5 and 23.8% under 18, with 15.6% were 65 or older. Females made up 51.7% of the population.[37] The United [[States Census of 1790 was the first Census conducted in the United States. ... The United States Census of 1800 was the second Census conducted in the United States. ... The United States Census of 1810 was the third Census conducted in the United States. ... The United States Census of 1820 was the fourth Census conducted in the United States. ... The United States Census of 1830 was the fifth Census conducted in the United States. ... The Sixth Census of the United States, conducted by the Bureau of the Census, determined the resident population of the United States to be 17,069,453 — an increase of 32. ... The Seventh Census of the United States, conducted by the Bureau of the Census, determined the resident population of the United States to be 23,191,876 — an increase of 35. ... The United States Census of 1860 was the eighth Census conducted in the United States. ... The Ninth United States Census was taken in 1870. ... 1880 US Census The United States Census of 1880 was the tenth United States Census. ... The Eleventh United States Census was taken June 1, 1890. ... 1900 US Census The Twelfth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 76,212,168, an increase of 21. ... The Thirteenth United States Census was taken in 1910. ... The Fourteenth United States Census was taken in 1920. ... The Fifteenth United States Census was taken in 1930. ... The Sixteenth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 132,164,569, an increase of 7. ... The Seventeenth United States Census was taken in 1950. ... The Eighteenth United States Census was taken in 1960. ... The Nineteenth United States Census was taken in 1970. ... The Twentieth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 226,545,805, an increase of 11. ... The Twenty-first United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 248,709,873, an increase of 9. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... The five largest ancestry groups self-reported in Pennsylvania are: German (27.66%), Irish (17.66%), Italian (12.82%), English (8.89%) and Polish (7.23%).[38] English Americans (occasionally known as Anglo-Americans) are citizens of the United States whose ancestry originates wholly or in part in the northwest European nation of England. ... [edit] Religion “ The new sovereign also enacted several wise and wholesome laws for his colony, which have remained invariably the same to this day. The chief is, to ill–treat no person on account of religion, and to consider as brethren all those who believe in one God. - Voltaire, speaking of William Penn[39] ” Of all the colonies, only in Rhode Island was religious freedom as secure as in Pennsylvania - and one result was an incredible religious diversity, one which continues to this day.[40] For other uses, see Voltaire (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see William Penn (disambiguation). ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... The term multiculturalism generally refers to a state of both cultural and ethnic diversity within the demographics of a particular social space. ... Pennsylvania's population in 2000 was 12,281,054. Of these, 8,448,193 were estimated to belong to some sort of organized religion. According to the Association of religion data archives at Pennsylvania State University, reliable data exists for 7,116,348 religious adherents in Pennsylvania in 2000, following 115 different faiths.[41] Their affiliations, including percentage of all adherents, were:[42] The Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA) is a free source of online information related to American and international religion. ... This article is about the state-related university. ... Roman Catholic: 3,802,524 (53.43%) Orthodox: 75,354 (1.06%) Mainline Protestant: 2,140,682 (30%) United Methodist Church: 659,350 (9.27%) Evangelical Lutheran Church in America: 611,913 (8.60%) Presbyterian Church: 324,714 (4.56%) United Church of Christ: 241,844 (3.40%) American Baptist Churches in the USA: 132,858 (1.87%) Episcopal Church: 116,511 (1.64%) Evangelical Protestant: 704,204 (10%) Assemblies of God: 84,153 (1.18%) Church of the Brethren: 52,684 (0.74%) Mennonite Church USA: 48,215 (0.68%) Christian and Missionary Alliance: 45,926 (0.65%) Southern Baptist Convention: 44,432 (0.62%) Independent Non-charismatic churches: 42,992 (0.60%) Other theology: 393,584 (5.53%) Jewish estimate: 283,000 (3.98%) Muslim estimate: 71,190 (1.00%) Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations: 6,778 (0.10%) The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: 31,032 (0.44%) Pennsylvania is also noted for having the highest concentration of an Amish population in the United States.[43] The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Eastern Christianity. ... In the United States, the mainline (also sometimes called mainstream) or mainline Protestant denominations are those Protestant denominations with a mix of moderate and liberal theologies. ... This article is about the current Christian denomination based in the United States. ... The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) is a mainline Protestant denomination headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. ... Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity. ... Disambiguation: This article is about the United States denomination known as United Church of Christ. ... ABCUSA American Baptist Churches USA (ABCUSA) is a group of Baptist churches within the United States; headquartered in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. ... This article is about the Episcopal Church in the United States. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Christianity Portal This box:      Evangelicalism is a theological perspective in Protestant Christianity which identifies with the gospel. ... For other uses, see Assemblies of God (disambiguation). ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      The Church of the Brethren is...</