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Encyclopedia > Penny Red
Penny Red
Penny Red

The Penny Red, issued in 1841, succeeded the Penny Black and continued as the main type of postage stamp in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until 1879, with only minor changes to the design during that time. The colour was changed from black to red because of difficulty in seeing a cancellation mark on the Penny Black; a black cancel was readily visible on a Penny Red. Penny Red This image of a postage stamp has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Penny Red This image of a postage stamp has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... For the research project, see Penny Black (research project). ... A selection of Hong Kong postage stamps A postage stamp is evidence of pre-paying a fee for postal services. ... Motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right)1 Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Territory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Capital London Language(s) English Gaelic Welsh (Wales) Scottish Gaelic (parts of Scotland) Government Constitutional monarchy Monarch  - 1801–1820 George III  - 1920–1922...


Initially some of the same plates that were used to print the Penny Black were used to print the Penny Red and about 21 billion Penny Reds were printed by Messrs. Perkins, Bacon & Co. Initially the stamp had no perforations, and had to be cut from the sheet using scissors in the same manner as for the penny black and the early printings of the Two pence blue. Perforations, (experimental gauge 16), first came into use in 1850 and were officially adopted in 1854, (in the same size as the experimental issue). The experimental issue can be distinguished from the general issue as the later was applied to stamp which used a different alphabet type for the letters in the lower corners. Each stamp has unique corner letters AA, AB, AC ... AL etc, so its position on the plate can be identified. Messrs. ... A perforation is a hole made by puncturing a surface. ... For the research project, see Penny Black (research project). ... 2d blue postage stamp; this is an 1841 printing on pale blue paper. ...

A perforated Penny Red, letters in four corners and plate 148, therefore printed 1871 or later.
A perforated Penny Red, letters in four corners and plate 148, therefore printed 1871 or later.

In January 1855 the perforation size was changed from 16 to 14 as it was found that the sheets were coming apart too easily. The reduced size allowed the sheets to remain intact until pressure was applied to force the separation. Image File history File links Scan of United Kingdom Penny Red, plate 148, made by User:Stan Shebs File links The following pages link to this file: Philately User talk:Stan Shebs Penny Red Postage stamps and postal history of the United Kingdom Wikipedia:WikiProject Philately User:Stan Shebs/Gallery... Image File history File links Scan of United Kingdom Penny Red, plate 148, made by User:Stan Shebs File links The following pages link to this file: Philately User talk:Stan Shebs Penny Red Postage stamps and postal history of the United Kingdom Wikipedia:WikiProject Philately User:Stan Shebs/Gallery...


The stamps were printed in sheets of 240 (20 rows of 12 stamps), so one row cost 1 shilling and a complete sheet one pound. This situation continued with all postage stamps issued until decimal currency was introduced when the sheet size was changed to 200, (20 rows of 10 stamps) making the lowest value denomination, (half pence), one pound per sheet. The shilling (or informally: bob) was an English coin first issued in 1548 for Henry VIII, although arguably the testoon issued about 1487 for Henry VII was the first English shilling. ... ISO 4217 Code GBP User(s) United Kingdom Inflation 2. ... On February 15, 1971, variously known as Decimal Day, Decimalisation Day and D-Day, the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland decimalised their historical currencies; although they were separate currencies — Pound sterling and Irish pound respectively — they were at the time tied to each other at a fixed 1...


On the 1 April 1864 the stamp was issued with the plate number engraved in the design, in the left and right side lace work. At this time the stars in the top corners were also replaced with the same check letters as used in the lower corners, but in reverse order. April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...


Because of wear, over 400 different plates were used to print the Penny Red. Two different basic watermarks were used for the paper, small crown, (on the early issues) and large crown, introduced on the 15 May 1855. The first stamps printed on the large crown watermarked paper showed two small verticial lines in the central portion of the crown. Later printings showed a revised watermark on which these central lines are not present. This Crown & CA (for Crown Agent) watermark was standard for postage stamps of the British colonies from the 1880s to the 1920s. ... May 15 is the 135th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (136th in leap years). ... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...


See also



 

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