Percival or Perceval is one of King Arthur's legendary Knights of the Round Table. In Welsh literature his name is Peredur (see the Peredur article for the historical figure). He is most famous for his involvement in the quest for the Holy Grail. A bronze Arthur in plate armour with visor raised and with jousting shield wearing Kastenbrust armour (early 15c). ... The Knights of the Round Table were those men awarded the highest order of Chivalry at the Court of King Arthur in the literary cycle the Matter of Britain. ... The term Welsh literature may be used to refer to any literature originating from Wales or by Welsh writers. ... Peredur Arueu Dur, King of Ebrauc (c. ... In Christian mythology, the Holy Grail was the dish, plate, or cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper, said to possess miraculous powers. ...

Scenes from Perceval, from a medieval illumination.

There are many versions of Percival's birth. In most accounts he is of noble birth; his father is either King Pellinore or another worthy knight. His mother is usually unnamed but plays a significant role in the stories. His sister is the bearer of the Holy Grail, she is sometimes named Dindrane. In tales where he is Pellinore's son his brothers are Sir Tor, Sir Aglovale, Sir Lamorak, and Sir Dornar. Image File history File links Perceval-Chretien. ... Image File history File links Perceval-Chretien. ... King Pellinore is the king of Listinoise or the Isles according to Arthurian legend. ... The silver Anglia knight, commissioned as a trophy in 1850, intended to represent the Black Prince. ... In Christian mythology, the Holy Grail was the dish, plate, or cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper, said to possess miraculous powers. ... In Arthurian Legend, Dindrane was the sister of Perceval. ... Sir Tor is a Knight of the Round Table according to Arthurian legend. ... In Arthurian legend, Sir Aglovale (or Agloval) de Galis is the eldest legitimate son of King Pellinore. ... Sir Lamorak was the son of King Pellinore and the brother of Sir Tor, Sir Aglovale, Sir Dornar, Sir Percival, and Dindrane. ...

After the death of his father, Percival's mother takes him to the Welsh forests where she raises him ignorant to the ways of men until the age of 15. Eventually, however, a group of knights passes through his wood, and Percival is stricken with their heroic appearance. Wanting to be a knight himself, the boy travels to King Arthur's court, and after proving his worthiness as a warrior he is knighted and invited to join the Knights of the Round Table. The Knights of the Round Table were those men awarded the highest order of Chivalry at the Court of King Arthur in the literary cycle the Matter of Britain. ...

Even in the earliest stories he is connected to the Grail Quest. In Chrétien de Troyes' Perceval, le Conte du Graal, he meets the crippled Fisher King and sees the Holy Grail, but he fails to ask the question that would heal the injured monarch. Upon learning of his mistake he vows to find the Grail castle again and fulfill his quest. In Christian mythology, the Holy Grail was the dish, plate, or cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper, said to possess miraculous powers. ... Chrétien de Troyes wrote in Champagne, France, during the last half of the twelfth century. ... Perceval, the Story of the Grail (French:Perceval, le Conte du Graal) is the unfinished fifth romance of Chrétien de Troyes. ... This article is about the Fisher King from Arthurian legend. ... In Christian mythology, the Holy Grail was the dish, plate, or cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper, said to possess miraculous powers. ...

Galahad, Bors, and Percival achieve the Grail

In later accounts, the true Grail hero is Galahad, Lancelot's son. But though his role in the romances had been diminished, Percival remained a major character and was one of only two knights (the other was Sir Bors) who accompanied Galahad to the Grail castle and completed the quest with him. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (960x332, 85 KB) Galahad, Bors and Percival achieve the Grail by William Morris,1870 Museum and Art Gallery of Birmingham File links The following pages link to this file: Holy Grail ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (960x332, 85 KB) Galahad, Bors and Percival achieve the Grail by William Morris,1870 Museum and Art Gallery of Birmingham File links The following pages link to this file: Holy Grail ... A potrait of Sir Galahad by George Frederick Watts. ... In Arthurian Legend, Sir Bors was a Knight of the Round Table. ... A potrait of Sir Galahad by George Frederick Watts. ... In the Arthurian legend, Sir Lancelot (Lancelot du Lac, or Lancelot of the Lake; also Launcelot) is one of the Knights of the Round Table. ... In Arthurian Legend, Sir Bors was a Knight of the Round Table. ...

In early versions, Percival's sweetheart was Blanchefleur and he became the King of Carbonek after healing the Fisher King, but in later versions he was a virgin who died after achieving the Grail. In Wolfram's version, Percival's son is Lohengrin, the Knight of the Swan. cest vraiment une babouine!!! ... Corbenic (also Carbonek and Corbin) is the name of the castle of the Holy Grail in the Lancelot-Grail cycle and Thomas Malorys Le Morte dArthur. ... This article is about the Fisher King from Arthurian legend. ... In Roman times, Vestal Virgins were strictly celibate or they were punished by death. ... In some German Arthurian literature, Lohengrin is the son of Parzival (Percival). ... The story of the Knight of the Swan, or Swan Knight, is a medieval myth about a mysterious rescuer who comes in a swan-drawn boat to defend a damsel, his only condition being that he must never be asked his name. ...

In modern times his story has been used in such varied retellings as T.S. Eliot's modernist poem The Waste Land, Richard Wagner's opera Parsifal, John Boorman's Excalibur and the novel and film The Natural. Thomas Stearns Eliot (September 26, 1888 - January 4, 1965), was a major Modernist Anglo-American poet, dramatist, and literary critic. ... This article focuses on the cultural movement labeled modernism or the modern movement. See also: Modernism (Roman Catholicism) or Modernist Christianity; Modernismo for specific art movement(s) in Spain and Catalonia. ... T. S. Eliot (by E. O. Hoppe, 1919) The Waste Land (sometimes mistakenly written as The Wasteland) is a highly influential 433-line modernist poem by T. S. Eliot. ... Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813 – February 13, 1883) was an influential German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or music dramas as he later came to call them). ... Amalie Materna Emil Scaria and Hermann Winkelmann in the 1882 premiere production of Parsifal Parsifal is an opera in three acts by Richard Wagner. ... John Boorman (born January 18, 1933 in Shepperton, Surrey, United Kingdom), is a British filmmaker, currently based in Ireland, best known for his feature films such as Point Blank, Deliverance, Excalibur, and The General. ... Excalibur is a 1981 film which retells the legend of King Arthur. ... A novel (from French nouvelle Italian novella, new) is an extended, generally fictional narrative in prose. ... Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as the field in general. ... The Natural is a 1952 novel about baseball written by Bernard Malamud. ...

While some scholars once believed that Percival, along with the legend of the Holy Grail, was of Persian origin, those theories have been rejected by the weight of scholarly opinion. In that legend, as described in the Fargads of the Vendidad (see Avesta) and later, in verse, in the Shahnameh, Jamshid had a magical seven-ringed cup filled with the elixir of immortality. The cup was said to be in (the hands of) the Parsi-Var, or Var of the Persians, thus giving rise to the speculation that the character of Percival was derived from this legend. Persian literature (in Persian: ‎) spans two and a half millennia, though much of the pre-Islamic material has been lost. ... See Avesta Municipality for the Swedish town Yasna 28. ... Shahnameh Scenes from the Shahnameh carved into reliefs at Tus, where Ferdowsi is buried. ... Jamshid (in Persian: ‎) is a common Persian male first name. ... The Cup of Jamshid, (or the Cup of Djemscheed or Jaam-e Jam, in Persian: جام جم) is a cup of divination, which according to legend was long possessed by rulers of ancient Persia. ...

Chrétien wrote the first story of Percival; Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival, Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, and the theoretical Perceval of Robert de Boron are other famous accounts of his adventures. Chrétien de Troyes wrote in Champagne, France, during the last half of the twelfth century. ... Portrait of Wolfram from the Codex Manesse. ... Parzival is one of the two great epic poems in Middle High German. ... Sir Thomas Malory (c. ... The Last Sleep of Arthur by Edward Burne-Jones Le Morte dArthur (spelt Le Morte Darthur in the first printing and also in some modern editions, Middle French for la mort dArthur, the death of Arthur) is Sir Thomas Malorys compilation of some French and English Arthurian... Robert de Boron (also spelled in the manuscripts Bouron, Beron) was a French poet of the late 12th and early 13th centuries, originally from the village of Boron, in the arrondissement of Montbéliard. ...

References

• Chrétien de Troyes, Nigel Bryant (translator) (1996) Perceval, the Story of the Grail, D.S. Brewer. ISBN 0-85991-224-8
• Chrétien de Troyes, D.D.R. Owen (translator) (1988) Arthurian Romances, Tuttle Publishing, reprinted by Everyman. ISBN 0-460-87389-X

External links

• Perceval page from the Camelot Project at the University of Rochester