Eidetic memory, photographic memory, or total recall, is the ability to recall images, sounds, or objects in memory with great accuracy and in seemingly unlimited volume. The word eidetic (pronounced: /aɪˈdɛtɪk/) comes from the Greek word είδος (eidos), which means "image" or "form". Photography is the process of making pictures by means of the action of capturing light on a film. ... Total recall may mean: A term for eidetic or photographic memory. ... In psychology, memory is an organisms ability to store, retain, and subsequently recall information. ... In common usage, an image (from Latin imago) or picture is an artifact that reproduces the likeness of some subject—usually a physical object or a person. ... This article is about compression waves. ... In psychology, memory is an organisms ability to store, retain, and subsequently recall information. ... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... Eidos is a Greek word meaning image, form, or shape. The term became significant in Greek philosophy when Plato used it to refer to the ideal Forms or Ideas in his Theory of Forms. ...

Many famous artists and composers, like Claude Monet^[1] and Mozart, may have had eidetic memory. However, it is possible that their memories simply became highly trained in their respective fields of art, as they each devoted large portions of their waking time towards the improvement of their abilities. Such a focus on their individual arts most likely improved the relevant parts of their memory, which may account for their surprising abilities. ^{[citation needed]} An artist is someone who employs creative talent to produce works of art. ... Composers are people who write music. ... Claude Monet also known as Oscar-Claude Monet or Claude Oscar Monet (November 14, 1840 – December 5, 1926) was a French Impressionist painter. ... Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (baptized as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart; January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791) was a prolific and highly influential composer of Classical music. ...

People with eidetic memory

• The 10th century monk John of Gorze is speculated to have had eidetic memory.^{[citation needed]}
• Henri Poincaré had eidetic memory.^[2]
• Dr. James William Monroe had the ability then known as Epidetectorial Memory, only present in one person in every 500. Here, the brain is able to retain and recall images it has captured for the duration of its functional ability. When exposed to an arbitrary trigger, the brain can then recall such images with an astonishing accuracy and presence, albeit stripped of any extraneous context. A similar phenomenon is known in modern parlance as déja vu.
• Stephen Wiltshire, MBE, is a prodigious savant^[3], capable of drawing the entire skyline of a city after a single glance^[4].
• Mozart probably had eidetic memory especially suited for composers. There is a famous story about Mozart demonstrating his eidetic memory at the age of 14. At the Sistine Chapel during Holy Week in Rome, Gregorio Allegri's Miserere would be performed. The notes to the Miserere were kept secret under pain of excommunication. On Holy Tuesday, Mozart and his father attended the Papal Mass at the Sistine Chapel. Upon returning to their room, Mozart transcribed the music which had been kept secret for a century^[5]. (This is the popular version of that incident. Other sources have him at the Vatican not once but twice (see also Allegri). That would make the event much less a miracle since Mozart was already familiar with difficult composing techniques at that age. He would have recognized and memorized the quite simple harmonic and formal patterns of the Miserere at the first performance and would have used the second one to correct the details.) Other musicians and composers with perfect pitch can be found in Category:People with absolute pitch.
• Kim Peek is a savant with eidetic memory and developmental disabilities, resulting from congenital brain abnormalities. He was the inspiration for the character of Raymond Babbit, played by Dustin Hoffman, in the movie Rain Man.
• Nikola Tesla had eidetic memory.^[6]
• Derren Brown supposedly has eidetic memory to help imitate psychic phenomenon.
• Author Robert E. Howard often surprised friends by being able to recite great sections of poetry from memory after only one or two readings
• Professional gin rummy and poker player Stu Ungar is said to have had eidetic memory. He was able to keep track of every card in a six-deck blackjack shoe. In 1977 he was bet $100,000 by Bob Stupak, an owner and designer of casinos, that he could not count down the last three decks in a six deck shoe. Ungar won the bet.

As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... Saint John of Gorze (Jean de Gorze, John of Lorraine) (ca. ... Jules Henri Poincaré (April 29, 1854 – July 17, 1912) (IPA: [][1]), was one of Frances greatest mathematicians and theoretical physicists, and a philosopher of science. ... The term déjà vu (French for already seen, also called paramnesia) describes the experience of feeling that one has witnessed or experienced a new situation previously. ... Stephen Wiltshire MBE, (born 1974) is an accomplished architectural artist who has been diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder. ... Commanders Badge of the Order of the British Empire The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions, in order of seniority: Knight or Dame Grand Cross... Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791) was one of the most significant and influential of all composers of Western classical music. ... The Sistine Chapel (Italian: Cappella Sistina) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope, in the Vatican City. ... Gregorio Allegri (1582 – February 7, 1652) was an Italian composer and priest of the Roman School of composers. ... Miserere (the imperative of Latin misereri, to have mercy or pity), the name of one of the Penitential Psalms (Psalm 51), from its opening words, Miserere mei, Deus. ... Miserere (the imperative of Latin misereri, to have mercy or pity), the name of one of the Penitential Psalms (Psalm 51), from its opening words, Miserere mei, Deus. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Allegri can refer to: Gregorio Allegri, an early Italian composer Antonio Allegri da Correggio, an Italian Renaissance painter This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Absolute pitch is either the exact pitch of a note described by its number of vibrations per second, or the ability, commonly referred to as perfect pitch, to identify a note by name without the benefit of a reference note. ... Kim Peek, courtesy Darold A. Treffert, M.D., and Wisconsin Medical Society. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Mental retardation (abbreviated as MR), is a term for a pattern of persistently slow learning of basic motor and language skills (milestones) during childhood, and a significantly below-normal intellectual capacity as an adult. ... In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for in the head), is the control center of the central nervous system. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Rain Man is a 1988 film which tells the story of a selfish yuppie who discovers that his father has left all of his estate to the autistic brother he never knew he had. ... Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)[1] was a world-renowned Serbian inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer and electrical engineer. ... Derren Brown (born 27 February 1971) is an English psychological illusionist and skeptic of paranormal phenomena. ... Robert Ervin Howard (January 22, 1906 – June 11, 1936)[1] was a classic American pulp writer of fantasy, horror, historical adventure, boxing, western, and detective fiction. ... Stuart Errol The Kid Ungar (September 8, 1953 - November 22, 1998) was a professional poker and gin rummy player, considered to be among the best in history at both games. ... Bob Stupak (born 1942) is a well-known Las Vegas casino owner and entrepreneur. ...

Controversy

Dr. Marvin Minsky, in his book The Society of Mind, was unable to verify claims of eidetic memory (see sections 15.3 & 15.6) and considered reports of eidetic memory to be an "unfounded myth". Marvin Lee Minsky (born August 9, 1927), sometimes affectionately known as Old Man Minsky, is an American cognitive scientist in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), co-founder of MITs AI laboratory, and author of several texts on AI and philosophy. ... The Society of Mind is the book and theory of natural intelligence as written and developed by Marvin Minsky. ...

Support for the belief that eidetic memory could be a myth was supplied by the psychologist Adriaan de Groot, who conducted an experiment into the ability of chess Grandmasters to memorize complex positions of chess pieces on a chess board. Initially it was found that these experts could recall surprising amounts of information, far more than non-experts, suggesting eidetic skills. However, when the experts were presented with arrangements of chess pieces that could never occur in a game, their recall was no better than the non-experts, implying that they had developed an ability to organise certain types of information, rather than possessing innate eidetic ability. Adriaan de Groot, a Dutch chess master and psychologist conducted some of the most famous chess experiments of all time in the 1940s-60. ... Chess is an abstract strategy board game and mind sport for two players. ...

Some people attribute exceptional powers of memory to enhanced memory techniques as opposed to any kind of innate difference in the brain. However, support for the belief that eidetic memory is a real phenomenon has been supplied by several studies. Charles Stromeyer studied a woman named Elizabeth who could recall poetry written in a foreign language that she did not understand years after she had first seen the poem.

A.R. Luria wrote a famous account, Mind of a Mnemonist, of a subject with a remarkable memory, S.V. Shereshevskii; among various extraordinary feats, he could memorize lengthy lists of random words and recall them perfectly decades later. Luria believed the man had effectively unlimited recall. But with today's knowledge, it is possible that he used memory techniques too. See his article for further information about his methods. He might have been a savant like Peek. Alexander Romanovich Luria (July 16, 1902-1977) was a famous Russian neuropsychologist. ... Solomon V. Shereshevskii (1886-?) (Russian: ), also known simply as S (Ш), was a Russian journalist and mnemonist. ...

Memory records

The Guinness Book of Records lists people with extraordinary memories. For example, on July 2, 2005, Akira Haraguchi managed to recite pi's first 83,431 decimal places from memory and more recently to 100,000 decimal places in 16 hours (October 4, 2006). The 2004 World Memory Champion Ben Pridmore memorized the order of cards in a randomly shuffled 52-card deck in 31.03 seconds. The authors of the Guinness Book of Records, Norris and Ross McWhirter, had extraordinary memory, in that they could recall any entry in the book on demand, and did so weekly in response to audience questions on the long-running television show Record Breakers. However, such results have nothing to do with eidetic memory and can be duplicated using mental images and the "method of loci". Suresh Joachim, minutes away from breaking the ironing world record at 55 hours and 5 minutes, at Shoppers World, Brampton. ... July 2 is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 182 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Akira Haraguchi (原口證) (born 1946) is a Japanese mental health counsellor best known for memorizing and reciting digits of Pi. ... When a circles diameter is 1, its circumference is Ï€. The mathematical constant Ï€ is an irrational real number, approximately equal to 3. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... ... Ben Pridmore born October 14, 1976 in Boston, England) was the World Memory Champion in 2004. ... Norris Dewar McWhirter, CBE (August 12, 1925 - April 19, 2004) was a writer, right wing political activist and television presenter. ... Alan Ross McWhirter (12 August 1925 - 27 November 1975), known as Ross McWhirter, was, with his twin brother, Norris McWhirter, co-founder of the Guinness Book of Records. ... ÆÀÉRecord Breakers was a British Guinness Book of Records themed childrens TV show, originally presented by Roy Castle with twin brothers Norris McWhirter and Ross McWhirter. ... The method of loci or Ars memoriae (art of memory) is a technique for remembering that has been practiced since Classical times. ...

Some autistic individuals display extraordinary memory, as well as those with similar conditions like Asperger's syndrome. Autistic savants are a rarity but they, in particular, show signs of spectacular memory. A boy with autism and his mother Autism refers to a spectrum of disorders, and lies somewhere under the umbrella of a greater encompassing spectrum, that of pervasive developmental disorders that involve the functioning of the brain. ... Asperger described his patients as little professors. Aspergers syndrome (AS, or the more common shorthand Aspergers), is characterized as one of the five pervasive developmental disorders, and is commonly referred to as a form of high functioning autism. ... An autistic savant (historically described as idiot savant) is an autistic person with Savant Syndrome [1]. Savant Syndrome describes people with both a severe developmental or mental handicap and extraordinary mental abilities not found in most people. ...

Synesthesia has also been credited as an enhancement of auditory memory, but only for information that triggers a synesthetic reaction. However, some synesthetics have been found to have a more acute than normal "perfect color" sense with which they are able to match color shades nearly perfectly after extended periods of time, without the accompanying synesthetic reaction. Synesthesia (also spelled synæsthesia or synaesthesia, plural synesthesiae) -- from the Greek syn- meaning union and aesthesis meaning sensation -- is a neurological condition in which two or more bodily senses are coupled. ...

Eidetic memory in fiction

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• In many books of the fiction genre, characters have extraordinary memories, usually eidetic in nature. For example, Robert Langdon in The Da Vinci Code can solve anagrams by only looking at them once, then memorizing the words he has seen, and 'unscrambling' the letters in his head. In Digital Fortess, also by Dan Brown, the character David Becker has an eidetic memory geared toward his linguistic abilities.
• The short story Sucker Bait by Isaac Asimov features the character of Mark Annuncio, who has been trained from a young age to develop an eidetic memory and find correlations between seemingly unrelated pieces of data by absorbing as much knowledge as possible. Another Asimov story, "Lest We Remember," features a man named John Heath who gains perfect memory recollection after having a new, experimental drug tested on him.
• Cotton Malone, the main character of "The Templar Legacy" by Steve Berry has an eidetic memory.
• Max Jones, the title character of Robert A. Heinlein's novel Starman Jones, uses his eidetic memory to navigate his ship home following the loss of the ship's astrogation tables.
• The narrator in Will Self's novel My Idea of Fun (1993) has an eidetic memory.
• Severian, the narrator of Gene Wolfe's Book of the New Sun has an eidetic memory, though this is often intentionally misleading; for example, he describes the tower he grew up in without ever realizing it is the remains of an ancient spaceship.
• Barbara Gordon, a fictional character in DC Comics, has eidetic memory, which she puts to use as the information broker Oracle.^{[citation needed]}
• Bart Allen, a fictional character in DC Comics and the current Flash, has eidetic memory. When he became the second Kid Flash, he read the entire San Francisco Public Library.
• Betty Brant, supporting character in the Spider-Man comics, has photographic memory, which she reveals while under oath in She-Hulk #4 (vol 1., August 2004)
• Lesley and Gordon in the book A Cage of Butterflies by Brian Caswell. Their eidetic memory allows them to play chess without a chessboard.
• Mentats in the Dune series by Frank Herbert were genetically bred humans who possesed the abilities of a computer after all thinking machines were outlawed after the Butlerian Jihad
• Winter, a character in the Star Wars Expanded Universe, has a perfect memory.
• In Chaim Potok's novel, The Chosen, Danny Saunders has a photographic memory and is able to memorize The Talmud and novels like Ivanhoe.
• Riane, the prophesied redeemer known as the Dar Sala-at in the Pearl Saga written by Eric Van Lustbader possesses an immersive eidetic memory. This is revealed slowly as the character recovers from amnesia. The memory is progressively revealed, as a literary device for both character and plot development.

Robert Langdon and Sophie Neveu (Tom Hanks and Audrey Tautou) in the 2006 film The Da Vinci Code Robert Langdon is a fictional person at Harvard University and a professor of religious iconology and Symbology who appeared in the Dan Brown novels Angels and Demons (2000) and The Da Vinci... This article is about the novel. ... Dan Brown (born June 22, 1964) is an American author of thriller fiction, best known for writing the controversial 2003 bestselling novel, The Da Vinci Code. ... Sucker Bait is a science fiction novella by Isaac Asimov. ... Isaac Asimov, Ph. ... Lest We Remember is a short story written by Isaac Asimov. ... Steve Berry (born in 1955) is an American author currently living in Camden County, Georgia. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Starman Jones is a 1953 science fiction novel by Robert Heinlein about a farm boy with an eidetic memory. ... Will Self Will Self (born September 26, 1961) is an English novelist, reviewer and columnist. ... Gene Wolfe (born May 7, 1931) is an American science fiction and fantasy writer. ... The first two books of The Book of the New Sun, 2000 omnibus printing. ... Barbara Gordon is a fictional character appearing in DC Comics and related media. ... now. ... The main San Francisco Public Library. ... Betty Brant is a supporting character in Marvel Comics’ Spider-Man series. ... Spider-Man swinging around his hometown, New York City. ... She-Hulk (Jennifer Walters-Jameson) is a Marvel Comics superheroine. ... Brian Caswell (getragen Januar 13 1954 ) ist ein australischer Lehrer und ein Autor . ... Frank Patrick Herbert (October 8, 1920 – February 11, 1986) was a critically acclaimed and commercially successful American science fiction author. ... The Butlerian Jihad is an epic turning point in the back-story of Frank Herberts fictional Dune universe. ... Winter was a childhood friend of Leia Organa, and a member of Alderaans Royal House. ... Eric Van Lustbader (1946 - ) is a writer of both fantasy and thriller-style novels. ... Amnesia or amnæsia (from Greek ) (see spelling differences) is a condition in which memory is disturbed. ...

Film

• In the movie "Silence of the Lambs", the character Dr. Hannibal has eidetic memory. He draws by memory perfectly detailed landscapes and a portrait of character Clarice.

• In the movie Hackers, "Lord Nikon" claims to have a photographic memory (His handle Nikon refers to the camera company).

• In the movie The Bourne Identity, the main character Jason Bourne glances at a map before wildly taking off through the streets, seemingly knowledgeable of exactly where he's going. Later, in a restaurant he discusses his instant awareness of all license plate numbers of cars parked outside.

Hackers - Poster 1 Hackers - Poster 2 Hackers - German Poster Hackers is a movie released in 1995 that follows the misfortunes of young hacker Dade Murphy (aka Crash Override/Zero Cool, played by Jonny Lee Miller), Kate (aka Acid Burn, played by Angelina Jolie) and their friends. ... Nikon Corporation ) (TYO: 7731 ), also known as Nikon or Nikon Corp. ... The Bourne Identity is a 2002 movie based on the book of the same name by Robert Ludlum. ...

Television

• Ingrid Third, the partner of the title character in the TV show Fillmore! has photographic memory.
• Spencer Reid, a fictional FBI agent character in the show Criminal Minds has eidetic memory.
• Theodore "T-Bag" Bagwell, a fictional character in the TV show Prison Break, claims that he has photographic memory. But Charles "Haywire" Patoshik has eidetic memory.
• Seven of Nine, a fictional character on Star Trek: Voyager, has eidetic memory due to being a former Borg drone.
• Commander Susan Ivanova, a fictional character on Babylon 5, claimed to have eidetic memory. She recalled a once-heard Minbari phrase perfectly.
• Angel from Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel possesses photographic memory.
• Adam Rove, a character from the television show Joan of Arcadia, possesses eidetic memory.
• Dr. Sam Beckett, the main character of Quantum Leap, is stated to have possessed a photographic (eidetic) memory in the episode "Catch A Falling Star".^{[citation needed]}
• Charlie, a waitress featured in the NBC series "Heroes" suddenly exhibits eidetic memory as a functional superpower.
• Malcolm from Malcolm in the Middle indicates that he has photographic memory when he recalls every single item stolen from a home robbery after inadvertently abetting the thief in the episode "Block Party."
• Jimmy Neutron from Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius, has photographic memory.
• TJ Henderson from the Smart Guy tv show, has photographic memory.
• Gibson Kafka, a friend of Helena Kyle, a metahuman in the show Birds of Prey has eidetic memory. He also runs's the metahuman bar "No Man's Land"
• Shawn Spencer of the television series Psych claims to be psychic but really possesses a finely tuned photographic memory.

It has been suggested that Ingrid Third be merged into this article or section. ... Criminal Minds is a crime drama that premiered on September 22, 2005 on CBS. It follows the adventures of an FBI profiling team from the FBIs Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU) from Quantico, Virginia. ... Criminal Minds is a crime drama that premiered on September 22, 2005 on CBS. It follows the adventures of an FBI profiling team from the FBIs Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU) from Quantico, Virginia. ... Theodore Bagwell Theodore Bagwell, played by Robert Knepper, is a fictional character from Fox television series Prison Break. ... Prison Break is an American television series that premiered on the Fox Network on August 29, 2005. ... Charles Haywire Patoshik , played by Silas Weir Mitchell, is a fictional character from Fox television series Prison Break. ... Seven of Nine, Tertiary Adjunct of Unimatrix Nine-Two-One, or Seven of Nine (often referred to as simply Seven), is a fictional character from the Star Trek universe, played by Jeri Ryan in the television series Star Trek: Voyager. ... The starship Voyager (NCC-74656), an Intrepid-class starship. ... The Borg or Borg Collective is a race of cybernetic organisms in the Star Trek fictional universe. ... Susan Ivanova, played by Claudia Christian, is a fictional character in the universe of the science-fiction television series Babylon 5. ... Babylon 5 is an epic American science fiction television series created, produced, and largely written by J. Michael Straczynski. ... Mira Furlan as Delenn in Babylon 5 The Minbari are a fictional race in the Babylon 5 universe. ... Angel (born 1727 in Galway, Ireland) is a fictional character created by Joss Whedon and David Greenwalt for the television programs, Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel. ... Buffy the Vampire Slayer is an American cult television series that aired from March 10, 1997, until May 20, 2003. ... Angel is a spin-off from the American television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. ... Joan of Arcadia was an American television fantasy/family drama which aired on Fridays, 8-9 PM ET/PT on CBS from 2003 until 2005. ... Quantum Leap is a science fiction television series that ran for 97 episodes from March 1989 to May 1993 on NBC. It follows the adventures of Dr. Samuel Beckett (played by Scott Bakula), a brilliant scientist who after researching time-travel, and doing experiments in something he calls The Imaging... This is a list of fictional characters in the television series Heroes. ... Heroes is an American drama television series, created by Tim Kring, which premiered on NBC on September 25, 2006. ... Malcolm in the Middle is an American situation comedy created by Linwood Boomer for the Fox Network. ... Categories: Stub | 2001 films | Computer-animated films ... Smart Guy was an American sitcom that aired on The WB for three seasons from 1997 to 1999. ... The Bronze Age Huntress was Helena Wayne, the daughter of the Batman and Catwoman of Earth-Two, an alternate universe established in the early 1960s as the world where the Golden Age stories took place. ... Birds of Prey was a live action American television series produced in 2002. ... Shawn Spencer is a character on the American television dramedy Psych played by American actor James Roday. ... Psych is an American comedy-drama series billed as a fake psychic, real detective series starring James Roday as Shawn Spencer, a young police consultant whose eidetic memory leads people to believe that hes psychic. ...

Games

• In EVE Online, "Eidetic Memory" is a skill that can be trained to gain a higher memory attribute.

EVE Online is a persistent world multiplayer online game set in space. ...

See also

• Synaptic plasticity
• Autistic savant
• Autism
• Asperger syndrome
• Hyperthymesia - a condition where the affected individual has a superior autobiographical memory
• Mnemonic
• Absolute pitch, also known as perfect pitch - the ability to differentiate pitches, recall tones in the exact note without aid, and name a certain note played in an instant

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Category:Mnemonics

In neuroscience, synaptic plasticity is the ability of the connection, or synapse, between two neurons to change in strength. ... An autistic savant (historically described as idiot savant) is an autistic person with Savant Syndrome [1]. Savant Syndrome describes people with both a severe developmental or mental handicap and extraordinary mental abilities not found in most people. ... Autism is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in delays of social interaction, language as used in social communication, or symbolic or imaginative play, with onset prior to age 3 years, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. ... Asperger syndrome — also referred to as Aspergers syndrome, Aspergers, or just AS — is one of five neurobiological pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) that is characterized by deficiencies in social and communication skills. ... Hyperthymesia or hyperthymestic syndrome is a condition where the affected individual has a superior ability to recall memories. ... A mnemonic (pronounced in Received Pronunciation) is a memory aid, and most serve an educational purpose. ... Absolute pitch (AP), widely referred to as perfect pitch, refers to the ability to identify a note by name without the benefit of a reference note, or to be able to produce a note (as in singing) that is the correct pitch without reference. ... Image File history File links Wikiquote-logo-en. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Notes

1. ^ Monet painted from memory
2. ^ Toulouse, E., 1910. Henri Poincaré. - (Source biography in French)
3. ^ Dr. Darold Treffert, Extraordinary People documenting the Savant Syndrome
4. ^ David Martin, Savants: Charting "islands of genius" CNN broadcast September 14, 2006.
5. ^ Mozart's eidetic memory for music
6. ^ Cheney, Margaret, "Tesla: Man Out of Time", 1979. ISBN