NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Pericles, Prince of Tyre

Pericles, Prince of Tyre is a play written (at least in part) by William Shakespeare and included in modern editions of his collected plays despite some questions over its authorship. Most modern editors of the play believe that Shakespeare is responsible for the main portion of the play after scene 9^[1] that follows the story of Pericles and Marina. The first two acts, detailing the many voyages of Pericles, were written by a relatively untalented reviser or collaborator, possibly George Wilkins.^[2] Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (580x1032, 255 KB) Title page of Shakespeares Pericles, Prince of Tyre The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (580x1032, 255 KB) Title page of Shakespeares Pericles, Prince of Tyre The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life... Quarto has several meanings: In bookbinding and publishing, quarto indicates the book size which results when four leaves of the book are created from a standard size sheet of paper. ... For other uses, see Play (disambiguation). ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... George Hubert Wilkins (fl. ...

Sources

The play draws upon two sources. One is the Confessio Amantis (1393) of John Gower, a poet and contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer; this provides the story of Apollonius of Tyre. The second source is Lawrence Twine's prose version of Gower's tale, The Pattern of Painful Adventures, which dates from ca. 1576 and was reprinted in 1607. A third related work is The Painful Adventures of Pericles published in 1608. But this seems to be a "novelization" of the play, stitched together with bits of Twine; Wilkins mentions the play in the Argument to his version of the story^[3] – so that Wilkins' novel derives from the play, not the play from the novel. Wilkins has been an obvious candidate for the author of the non-Shakespearean matter in the play's first two acts; Wilkins was a playwright, and no one has presented a better candidate. Confessio Amantis (The Lovers Confession) is a 33,000-line Middle English poem by John Gower, which uses the confession made by an ageing lover to the chaplain of Venus as a frame story for a collection of shorter narrative poems. ... John Gower shooting the world, a sphere of earth, air, and water (from an edition of his works c. ... Geoffrey Chaucer (c. ... Apollonius of Tyre is the subject of a popular medieval story, existing in numerous forms in many languages. ...

Date and Text

Due to the issue of dual authorship, the dating of Pericles is widely debated. Some scholars support a date of ca. 1607-8, which accords well with what is known about the play's likely co-author, George Wilkins (see below). Other researchers have named it one of Shakespeare's "early plays" that was revised in 1607-08 by Wilkins or another writer. The only published text of Pericles, the 1609 quarto (all subsequent quartos were reprints of the original), is manifestly corrupt; it is often clumsily-written and/or incomprehensible and has been interpreted as a pirated text reconstructed from memory by someone who witnessed the play (much like theories surrounding the 1603 "bad quarto" of Hamlet).^[4] The play was printed in quarto twice in 1609 by the stationer Henry Gosson. Subsequent quarto printings appeared in 1611, 1619, 1630, and 1635; it was one of Shakespeare's most popular plays in his own historical era. The play was not included in the First Folio in 1623; it was one of seven plays added to the original Folio thirty-six in the second impression of the Third Folio in 1664. [See: Folios and Quartos (Shakespeare).] Year 1603 (MDCIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Bad quarto is a term and concept developed by twentieth-century Shakespeare scholars to explain some problems in the early transmission of the texts of Shakespearan works. ... Hamlet and Horatio in the cemetery by EugÃ¨ne Delacroix For other uses, see Hamlet (disambiguation). ... The size of a specific book is measured from the head to tail of the spine, and from edge to edge across the covers. ... The title page of the First Folio with the famous engraved portrait of Shakespeare by Martin Droeshout The First Folio is the name given by modern scholars to the first published collection of William Shakespeares plays; its actual title is Mr. ... William Shakespeares earliest published plays are referred to as folios or quartos according to the size of the book. ... William Shakespeares earliest published plays are referred to as folios or quartos according to the size of the book. ...

The editors of the Oxford and Arden editions of Pericles support the contention that it is a collaboration between Shakespeare and Wilkins, citing stylistic links between the play and Wilkins's style that are found nowhere else in Shakespeare.^[5] The Cambridge editors reject this contention, arguing that the play is entirely by Shakespeare, and that all the oddities can be defended as a deliberately old-fashioned style; however, they do not discuss the stylistic links with Wilkins's work.^[6] If the play was co-written, or revised by Wilkins, this would support the 1607-8 date, as Wilkins' career as a writer spanned only the years 1603-8.^[7] Stylometry is the application of the study of linguistic style, usually to written language. ...

The 1986 Oxford University Press edition of the Complete Works, and the subsequent individual edition, include a "reconstructed text" of Pericles, which in places adapts passages from Wilkins' novel on the assumption that they are based on the play and record the dialogue more accurately than the quarto. Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ...

Performance

The Venetian ambassador to England, Zorzi Giustinian, saw a play titled Pericles during his time in London, which ran from Jan. 5, 1606 to Nov. 23, 1608. As far as is known, there was no other play with the same title that was acted in this era; the logical assumption is that this must have been Shakespeare's play.^[8]The title page of the play's first printed edition states that the play was often acted at the Globe Theatre, which was most likely true. This article is about the Globe Theatre of Shakespeare (commonly known as Shakespeares Globe Theatre). ...

The earliest performance of Pericles known with certainty occurred in May 1619, at Court, "in the King's great chamber" at Whitehall. The play was also performed at the Globe Theatre on June 10, 1631.^[9] A play called Pericles was in the repertory of a recusant group of itinerant players arrested for performing a religious play in Yorkshire in 1609; however, it is not clear if they performed Pericles, or if theirs was Shakespeare's play. The Palace of Whitehall by Hendrick Danckerts. ... This article is about the Globe Theatre of Shakespeare (commonly known as Shakespeares Globe Theatre). ... Throughout English history, Recusancy was generally synonymous with nonconformism. ... Look up Yorkshire in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

After the Restoration, the play's pseudo-naive structure placed it at odds with neoclassical tastes. It vanished from the stage for nearly two centuries, until Samuel Phelps staged a production at Sadler's Wells Theatre in Islington in 1854. Phelps cut Gower entirely, satisfying his narrative role with new scenes, conversations between unnamed gentlemen like those in The Winter's Tale, 5.2. In accordance with Victorian notions of decorum, the play's frank treatment of incest and prostitution was muted or removed. King Charles II, the first monarch to rule after the English Restoration. ... Late Baroque classicizing: G. P. Pannini assembles the canon of Roman ruins and Roman sculpture into one vast imaginary gallery (1756) Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that... Samuel Phelps (1804-1878) was an English actor, born in Devonport. ... Sadlers Wells theatre, 2005 Sadlers Wells Theatre is located on Rosebery Avenue, Clerkenwell, London. ... , Islington is the central district of the London Borough of Islington. ... Florizel and Perdita by Charles Robert Leslie. ...

Walter Nugent Monck revived the play in 1929 at his Maddermarket Theatre in Norwich, cutting the first act. This production was revived at Stratford after the war, with Paul Scofield in the title role. Walter Nugent Monck (1877-1958) was an English theatre director and founder of Maddermarket Theatre, Norwich. ... Maddermarket Theatre This theatre is located in St. ... Norwich (IPA: //) is a city in East Anglia, in Eastern England. ... David Paul Scofield, CH, CBE (born 21 January 1922) is a British actor who was born in Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, England. ...

The play has risen somewhat in popularity since Monck, though it remains difficult to stage convincingly. In 1958, Tony Richardson directed the play at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in Stratford. The scene design, by Loudon Sainthill, unified the play; the stage was dominated by a large ship in which Gower related the tale to a group of sailors. Geraldine McEwan played Marina; Richard Johnson was Pericles; and Mark Dignam was Simonides. Angela Baddeley was the Bawd. The production was a success; it was later viewed as a model for "coherent" or thematically unified approaches, in contrast to the postmodern or disintegrative approaches of the seventies and eighties. Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tony Richardson (June 5, 1928 - November 14, 1991) was a British theatre and film director and producer. ... The Royal Shakespeare Theatre is a large theatre dedicated to British playwright William Shakespeare in his birthplace of Stratford-upon-Avon. ... Geraldine McEwan as Miss Marple Geraldine McEwan (born Geraldine McKeown on May 9, 1932, in Old Windsor, Berkshire, England), is a British actress (of Irish extraction) with a diverse and successful history in film, theatre and television spanning 55 years. ... Richard Johnson (born July 30, 1927) is a British actor, writer and producer, who starred in several British films of the 1960s and has also had a distinguished stage career. ... Mark Dignam (20 March 1909 - 29 September 1989) was a prolific English actor. ... Madeline Angela Clinton-Baddeley, CBE was an English character actress born on July 4, 1904, in London, England. ...

The 1969 production by Terry Hands at Stratford also received favorable reviews. The set was almost bare, with a hanging replica of Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man above a bare stage. Hands also introduced extensive doubling, which has since become a staple of productions of this play. Emrys Jones played Gower (as a Welsh bard) and Helicanus. Susan Fleetwood doubled Thaisa and Marina. Ian Richardson played the title role. For the performances on the nights of the Apollo landing, Hands added a special acknowledgment of the event to Gower's lines. Terence David (Terry) Hands (born 9 January 1941) is a leading British stage director. ... â€œDa Vinciâ€ redirects here. ... Leonardo da Vincis Vitruvian Man (1492). ... Susan Fleetwood (born September 21, 1944 in St. ... Ian William Richardson CBE (7 April 1934 â€“ 9 February 2007) was a Scottish actor best known for playing the Machiavellian politician Francis Urquhart in the House of Cards trilogy for the BBC. // Born in Edinburgh, Richardson was educated at Balgreen Primary School and Tynecastle High School in the city,[1... Still frame from July 20, 1969 video transmission of Buzz Aldrin stepping onto the surface of the Moon. ...

Ron Daniels directed the play in 1979 at The Other Place, an unlikely venue for such an expansive play. Daniels compensated for the lack of space by canny use of lighting and offstage music and sound effects. Peter McEnery played Pericles; Julie Peasgood was Marina. Griffith Jones was Gower. The Other Place is a black box theatre near to the Royal Shakespeare Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. ... Peter McEnery is an English stage and film actor. ... Julie Peasgood is a British actress, best known for her role as Fran Pearson in the television soap opera Brookside. ... Griffith Jones (born Harold Jones) (November 19, 1909 - January 30, 2007) was an English film, stage and television actor. ...

In 1989, David Thacker directed the play at the Swan. The production was centered on a grid-covered trap suspended in air; the brothel scenes were played below, as in a basement; the shipboard scenes were played on and around the grid. Rudolph Walker was Gower, dressed as a bureaucrat; Nigel Terry played Pericles, and Suzan Sylvester and Sally Edwards were Marina and Thaisa, respectively. The Swan Theatre is a theatre belonging to the Royal Shakespeare Company in Stratford-upon-Avon, UK. It is built onto the side of the larger Royal Shakespeare Theatre, occupying the Victorian Gothic structure that formerly housed the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre that preceded the RST. The Swan is designed as... Rudolph Walker OBE (born 28 September 1939) is a British character actor. ... Nigel Terry as King Arthur in Excalibur Nigel Terry (born August 15, 1945 in Bristol, England) is a British stage and film actor probably best known by movie audiences for his portayal of King Arthur in John Boormans Excalibur. ...

Productions in the 1990s differed from earlier productions in that they generally stressed the dislocation and diversity inherent in the play's setting, rather than striving for thematic and tonal coherence. As early as 1983, Peter Sellars directed a production in Boston that featured extras dressed as contemporary American homeless people; devices such as these dominated English main stages in the nineties. Phyllida Lloyd directed the play at the Royal National Theatre in 1994. The production used extensive doubling. Kathryn Hunter played Antiochus, Cerimon, and the Bawd. The production made extensive use of the mechanized wheel in the theater to emphasize movement in time and space; however, the wheel's noise made some scenes difficult to hear, and some critics disparaged what they saw as pointless gimickry in the staging. Peter Sellars Peter Sellars (born 1957) is an American theater director, renowned for his modern stagings of classical operas and plays. ... A homeless person in Paris. ... The Royal National Theatre from Waterloo Bridge The Royal National Theatre is a building complex and theatre company located on the South Bank in London, England immediately east of the southern end of Waterloo Bridge. ... Kathryn Hunter is an English actress who has had many roles involved with British television. ...

Adrian Noble's 2002 production at the Roundhouse (his last before leaving the RSC) stressed diversity in another way. Responding to critical interest in Orientalism, Noble accentuated the multicultural aspects of the play's setting. Ray Fearon took the title role to Lauren Ward's Thaisa; Kananu Kirimi played Marina. Brian Protheroe was Gower. In an echo of the music played during the interval of the 1619 Whitehall performance, Noble featured belly dancing and drumming during the intermission of his production. Adrian Noble was the director of the Royal Shakespeare Company from 1990 to 2003. ... The Roundhouse (under construction in 2005) The Roundhouse is an arts venue in London, England. ... For the book by Edward Said, see Orientalism (book). ... Ray Fearon (born, 1967 in London, England) is a British actor. ... Kananu Kirimi is a Scottish actor born in the Kyle of Lochalsh, Scotland of a Kenyan father and Scottish mother. ... Brian Protheroe (born 16 June 1944 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England) is an actor. ...

Dramatis Personae

Synopsis

Act I

John Gower, a 14th century English poet and contemporary of Chaucer, introduces each act with a prologue. The play opens in the court of Antiochus, king of Antioch, who has offered the hand of his beautiful daughter to any man who answers his riddle; but those who fail shall die. John Gower shooting the world, a sphere of earth, air, and water (from an edition of his works c. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... The poor poet A poet is a person who writes poetry. ... Chaucer: Illustration from Cassells History of England, circa 1902 Chanticleer the rooster from an outdoor production of Chanticleer and the Fox at Ashby_de_la_Zouch castle Geoffrey Chaucer (ca. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Antakya. ...

Pericles, the young Prince (ruler) of Tyre in Phoenicia (Lebanon), hears the riddle, and instantly understands its meaning: Antiochus is engaged in an incestuous relationship with his daughter. If he reveals this truth, he will be killed, but if he answers incorrectly, he will also be killed. Pericles hints that he knows the answer, and asks for more time to think. Antiochus grants him forty days, and then sends an assassin after him. However, Pericles has fled the city. The Triumphal Arch Tyre (Arabic , Phoenician , Hebrew Tzor, Tiberian Hebrew , Akkadian , Greek TÃ½ros) is a city in the South Governorate of Lebanon. ... Phoenicia (or Phenicia ,[1] from Biblical Phenice [1]) was an ancient civilization centered in the north of ancient Canaan, with its heartland along the coast of modern day Lebanon and Syria. ... Incest is sexual activity between two persons related by close kinship. ...

Pericles returns to Tyre, where his trusted friend and councilor Helicanus advises him to leave the city, for Antiochus surely will hunt him down. Pericles leaves Helicanus as regent and sails to Tarsus, a city beset by famine. The generous Pericles gives the governor of the city, Cleon, and his wife Dionyza, grain from his ship to save their people. The famine ends, and after being thanked profusely by Cleon and Dionyza, Pericles continues on. The Triumphal Arch Tyre (Arabic , Phoenician , Hebrew Tzor, Tiberian Hebrew , Akkadian , Greek TÃ½ros) is a city in the South Governorate of Lebanon. ... Regent, from the Latin, a person selected to administer a state because the ruler is a minor or is not present or debilitated. ... Tarsus is a city in present day Turkey, on the mouth of the Tarsus Cay (Cydnus) into the Mediterranean. ... <nowiki>Insert non-formatted text hereBold text</nowiki>A famine is a social and economic crisis that is commonly accompanied by widespread malnutrition, starvation, epidemic and increased mortality. ...

Act II

A storm wrecks Pericles' ship and washes him up on the shores of Pentapolis. He is rescued by a group of poor fishermen who inform him that Simonedes, King of Pentapolis, is holding a tournament the next day and that the winner will receive the hand of his daughter Thaisa in marriage. Fortunately, one of the fishermen drags Pericles' suit of armor on shore that very moment, and the prince decides to enter the tournament. Although his equipment is rusty, Pericles wins the tournament and the hand of Thaisa (who is deeply attracted to him) in marriage. Simonedes initially expresses doubt about the union, but soon comes to like Pericles and allows them to wed. A Pentapolis, from the Greek words penta five and polis city(-state) is geographic and/or institutional grouping of five cities. ... Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish by hooking, trapping, or gathering. ...

Meanwhile, in Tyre, the noblemen learn that Antiochus and his daughter are dead, shrivelled up by a "fire from heaven" while riding in a chariot. Anxious at the long departure of their king, the nobles offer the crown to Helicanus, but Helicanus is a loyal friend to Pericles and refuses. However, he eventually agrees that if the noblemen search for Pericles in vain, Helicanus will consent to become king. The Triumphal Arch Tyre (Arabic , Phoenician , Hebrew Tzor, Tiberian Hebrew , Akkadian , Greek TÃ½ros) is a city in the South Governorate of Lebanon. ... Aristocracy is a form of government in which rulership is in the hands of an upper class known as aristocrats. ... For other uses, see Chariot (disambiguation). ...

Act III

A letter sent by the noblemen reaches Pericles in Pentapolis, who decides to return to Tyre with the pregnant Thaisa. Again, a storm arises while at sea, and Thaisa dies giving birth to her child, Marina. The sailors on board insist that Thaisa's body is set out to sea in order to calm the storm. Pericles grudgingly agrees, and decides to stop at Tarsus because he fears that Marina may not survive the storm.

Luckily, Thaisa's casket washes up to shore near the residence of Lord Cerimon, a magician who brings her back to life. Thinking that Pericles died in the storm, Thaisa becomes a priestess in the temple of Diana. Diana was the equivalent in Roman mythology of the Greek Artemis (see Roman/Greek equivalency in mythology for more details). ...

Act IV

Marina grows up more beautiful than the daughter of Cleon and Dionyza, so Dionyza plans Marina's murder. The plan is thwarted when pirates kidnap Marina and then sell her to a brothel in Mytilene. There, Marina manages to keep her virginity by convincing the men that they should seek virtue. Worried that she is ruining their market, the brothel rents her out as a tutor to respectable young ladies. She becomes famous for music and other decorous entertainments. Mytilene (Greek: ÎœÏ…Ï„Î¹Î»Î®Î½Î· - MytilÃni, Turkish: Midilli), also Mytilini, is the capital city of Lesbos (formerly known as Lesbos but the modern name is Mytilene), a Greek island in the Aegean Sea, and the Lesbos Prefecture as well. ...

Meanwhile, Pericles returns to Tarsus for his daughter. The governor and his wife claim she has died; in grief, he sets to the seas.

Act V

Pericles' wanderings bring him to Mytilene where the governor Lysimachus, seeking to cheer him up, brings in Marina. They compare their sad stories and joyfully realize they are father and daughter. Next, the goddess Diana appears in a dream to Pericles, and tells him to come to the temple where he finds Thaisa. The wicked Cleon and Dionyza are killed when their people revolt against their crime. Lysimachus will marry Marina.

Critical Response

Despite all its problems, the play works well on the stage, as Harold Bloom has pointed out,^[10] and as numerous stage productions have attested. Most recently, in 2005, The New Globe in London and The Shakespeare Theatre in Washington, DC presented two very different but, nonetheless, critically acclaimed productions of the play. In 1660, at the start of the Restoration when the theatres had just re-opened, Thomas Betterton played the title role in a new production of Pericles at the Cockpit Theatre, the first production of any of Shakespeare's works in the new era. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... King Charles II, the first monarch to rule after the English Restoration. ... Thomas Betterton (c. ... These plans, drawn by Inigo Jones probably around 1616 to 1618, may be for the Cockpit Theatre. ...

Critical response to the play has not been warm, to say the least. In 1629, Ben Jonson lamented the audiences' enthusiastic responses to the play: Events March 4 - Massachusetts Bay Colony is granted a Royal charter. ... For other persons of the same name, see Ben Johnson (disambiguation). ...

By "mouldy," Jonson did not impugn the age of the play (20 years), but rather, impugned the episodic form of the play, which scrapped genre and narrative "out of every dish." This form combines with its content, the medieval Apollonius legend, to present a play that reeks of the utter medievalism that Jonson's neoclassicism eschewed. Late Baroque classicizing: G. P. Pannini assembles the canon of Roman ruins and Roman sculpture into one vast imaginary gallery (1756) Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that...

After Jonson and until the mid-twentieth century, critics found little to like or praise in the play. In the eighteenth century scholars began to take issue with the text of Pericles, as England began to shape Shakespeare into a celebrated national icon. Due to the increasingly central and elite status, the idea of Shakespeare began to displace both fact and popular folklore. The neoclassicism of the Augustan age shaped “Shakespeare” into something much larger than a human being; “Shakespeare” became a monolithic figure of English pride and heritage. While early modern peoples enjoyed and accepted both the pageantry of the episodic Pericles and the Renaissance psychological realism of Hamlet, the eighteenth century could not reconcile the former with the latter, because Shakespeare, the author of Hamlet, was something far superior to that botched quarto of 1609. In the eighteenth century Alexander Pope not only rewrote and liberally edited the complete works of William Shakespeare, but completely dropped Pericles from the canon (Edmund Malone later restored the play to the Complete Works). Augustan literature is a style of English literature whose origins correspond roughly with the reigns of Queen Anne, King George I, and George II. In contemporary critical parlance, it refers to the literature of 1700 up to approximately 1760 (or, for some, 1789). ... For other uses, see Alexander Pope (disambiguation). ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Author:William Shakespeare Complete Works of William Shakespeare is the standard name given to any volume containing all the plays and poems of William Shakespeare. ... Canon, in the context of a fictional universe, comprises those novels, stories, films, etc. ... Edmond Malone (October 4, 1741 - April 25, 1812), was an Irish Shakespearean scholar and editor of the works of William Shakespeare. ...

The great nineteenth-century scholar Edward Dowden wrestled with the text and found that the play “as a whole is singularly undramatic” and “entirely lacks unity of action."^[11] Whig literary critics like Dowden judged the aesthetic value of Shakespeare’s works based on his understanding of Aristotle’s Poetics, which entailed the application of Aristotle’s advice for ancient tragic playwrights to Shakespeare’s Renaissance tragedies, histories, romances, and comedies. While Dowden placed important emphasis on the dramatic criteria of unities, plot, and character, his ultimate treatment of Shakespeare’s plays has less to do with Aristotle than with Plato. Pericles does, indeed, present a problem for Dowden because of its episodic composition, which, according to Aristotle, is a habit of “inferior poets”.^[12] But the episodic nature of the play combined with the Act Four’s lewdness trouble Dowden because these traits problemetized his idea of Shakespeare. Along the same reasoning—that the supposed product of Shakespeare did not match up with his idea of Shakespeare—he banished Titus Andronicus from the canon because it belonged to “the pre-Shakespearean school of bloody dramas”.^[13] Edward Dowden (May 3, 1843 - April 4, 1913), was an Irish critic and poet. ... Title page of the first quarto edition (1594) The Tragedy of Titus Andronicus may be Shakespeares earliest tragedy. ...

The idea of Shakespeare, based on the myth of the Elizabethan Golden Age, was soon replaced by ideas of Shakespeare based on the critical and, often, scientific inquiries, made by the New Bibliographers of the early twentieth century. The efforts of pioneers Alfred W. Pollard, Walter Wilson Greg, and R. B. McKerrow began with an increased attention to the examination of quarto editions of Shakespearean plays published before the First Folio (1623). In terms of New Bibliography, the garbled text of Pericles was among the most notorious "bad quartos." In the second half of the twentieth century critics began to warm to the play. After John Arthos' 1953 article "Pericles, Prince of Tyre: A Study in the Dramatic Use of Romantic Narrative"^[14] scholars began to find merits and interesting facets within the play's dramaturgy, narrative, and use of the marvelous. And while the play's textual critics have sharply disagreed about editorial methodology in the last half-century, almost all of them, beginning with F. D. Hoeniger with his 1963 Arden 2 edition, have been enthusiastic about Pericles (Other, more recent, critics have been Stephen Orgel (Pelican Shakespeare), Suzanne Gossett (Arden 3), Roger Warren (Reconstructed Oxford), and Doreen DelVecchio and Antony Hammond (Cambridge)). â€œElizabethanâ€ redirects here. ... Alfred William Pollard (1859 â€“ March 8, 1944) was an English bibliographer, widely credited for bringing a higher level of scholarly rigor to the study of Shakeaperean texts. ... Sir Walter Wilson Greg (9 July 1875â€“4 March 1959) was one of the leading bibliographers and Shakespeare scholars of the 20th century. ... The title page of the First Folio with the famous engraved portrait of Shakespeare by Martin Droeshout The First Folio is the name given by modern scholars to the first published collection of William Shakespeares plays; its actual title is Mr. ... Stephen Orgel is Professor of English at Stanford University. ...

Antiochus's riddle

References

External links

Categories: 1608 plays | English Renaissance plays | Shakespearean comedies Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Wikiquote is a sister project of Wikipedia, using the same MediaWiki software. ... Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive and distribute cultural works. ... Image File history File links Shakespeare2. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... William Shakespeare (1564 â€“ 1616)[1] was an English poet and playwright. ... William Shakespeare (National Portrait Gallery), in the famous Chandos portrait, artist and authenticity unconfirmed. ... Detail from statue of Shakespeare in Leicester Square, London. ... William Shakespeares influence extends from theatre to literature to the English language itself. ... This article or section includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... William Shakespeare (National Portrait Gallery), in the famous Chandos portrait, artist and authenticity unconfirmed. ... The frontispiece of the First Folio (1623), the first collected edition of Shakespeares plays. ... Shakespeare wrote tragedies from the beginning of his career: one of his earliest plays was the Roman tragedy Titus Andronicus, and he followed it a few years later with Romeo and Juliet. ... Anthony and Cleopatra, by Lawrence Alma-Tadema. ... Venturia at the Feet of Coriolanus by Gaspare Landi Photo courtesy of The VRoma Project. ... Hamlet and Horatio in the cemetery by EugÃ¨ne Delacroix For other uses, see Hamlet (disambiguation). ... The Tragedy of Julius CÃ¦sar, more commonly known simply as Julius Caesar, is a tragedy by William Shakespeare written in 1599. ... King Lear and the Fool in the Storm by William Dyce (1806-1864) King Lear is a play by William Shakespeare, considered one of his greatest tragedies, based on the legend of King Lear of Britain. ... Macbeth and Banquo meeting the witches on the heath by ThÃ©odore ChassÃ©riau. ... For other uses, see Othello (disambiguation). ... Romeo and Juliet in the famous balcony scene by Ford Madox Brown For other uses, see Romeo and Juliet (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Timon (disambiguation). ... Title page of the first quarto edition (1594) The Tragedy of Titus Andronicus may be Shakespeares earliest tragedy. ... A Scene from Troilus and Cressida (1789) by Angelica Kauffmann Troilus and Cressida is a play by William Shakespeare. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Alls Well That Ends Well is a comedy by William Shakespeare, and is often considered one of his problem plays, so-called because they cannot be easily classified as tragedy or comedy. ... Walter Deverell,The Mock Marriage of Orlando and Rosalind, 1853 William Shakespeares As You Like It is a pastoral comedy written in 1599 or early 1600. ... Poster for a performance The Comedy of Errors is one of William Shakespeares early plays, written between 1592 and 1594. ... Dame Ellen Terry as Imogen This article is about Shakespeares play. ... Title page of the first quarto (1598) Loves Labours Lost (originally spelled Loues labors loÅ¿t) is one of William Shakespeares early comedies. ... Claudio and Isabella (1850) by William Holman Hunt Measure for Measure is a play by William Shakespeare, written in 1603. ... Portia and Shylock (1835) by Thomas Sully The Merchant of Venice is one of William Shakespeares best-known plays, written sometime between 1596 and 1598. ... Title page of the 1602 quarto The Merry Wives of Windsor is a comedy by William Shakespeare featuring the fat knight Sir John Falstaff and is Shakespeares only play to deal exclusively with contemporary English life. ... For other uses, see A Midsummer Nights Dream (disambiguation). ... Title page of the first quarto (1600) Much Ado About Nothing is a comedy by William Shakespeare. ... Taming of the Shrew by Augustus Egg The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William Shakespeare. ... For other uses, see The Tempest (disambiguation). ... For other uses of Twelfth Night, see Twelfth Night (disambiguation). ... The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare from early in his career. ... The Two Noble Kinsmen is a play written in 1613 by John Fletcher and William Shakespeare in collaboration. ... Florizel and Perdita by Charles Robert Leslie. ... Traditionally, the plays of William Shakespeare have been grouped into three categories: tragedies, comedies, and histories. ... The Life and Death of King John is one of the Shakespearean histories, plays written by William Shakespeare and based on the history of England. ... Title page of Richard II, from the fifth quarto, published in 1615. ... Title page of the first quarto (1598) Henry IV, Part 1 is a history play by William Shakespeare. ... Henry IV part 2 is a history play by William Shakespeare, first published as part of Shakespeares First Folio. ... Title page of the first quarto (1600) Henry V, also known as The Cronicle History of Henry the fift, is a play by William Shakespeare based on the life of King Henry V of England. ... The First Part of King Henry the Sixth is one of Shakespeares history plays. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Henry VI Part III is the third of William Shakespeares plays set during the lifetime of King Henry VI of England, and prepares the ground for one of his best-known and most controversial plays: the tragedy of King Richard III (Richard III of England). ... Frontispage of the First Quarto Richard The Third. ... Dame Ellen Terry as Katherine of Aragon The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eighth was one of the last plays written by the English playwright William Shakespeare, based on the life of Henry VIII of England. ... Title page from 1609 edition of Shake-Speares Sonnets Dedication page from The Sonnets SHAKE-SPEARES SONNETS, or simply The Sonnets, is a collection of poems in sonnet form written by William Shakespeare that deal with such themes as love, beauty, politics, and mortality. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... The Earl of Southampton, painted in 1594, aged 21, the year that Shakespeare dedicated The Rape of Lucrece to him The narrative poem The Rape of Lucrece is the graver work promised by English dramatist-poet William Shakespeare in his dedication to his patron, Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton... The Passionate Pilgrim is a collection of poems, first published in 1599, attributed on the title-page to William Shakespeare. ... The Phoenix and the Turtle is a poem by William Shakespeare. ... A Lovers Complaint is a narrative poem usually attributed to William Shakespeare, although the poems authorship is a matter of critical debate. ... The Shakespeare Apocrypha is the name given to a group of plays that have sometimes been attributed to Shakespeare, but whose attribution is questionable for various reasons. ... The Reign of King Edward III is a play attributed to William Shakespeare. ... Playtext from the 2005 Royal Shakespeare Company production. ... Publicity poster for the 2002 Los Angeles production of The Second Maidens Tragedy as The History of Cardenio is a lost play, known to have been performed by the Kings Men, a London theatre company, in 1613. ... Loves Labours Won, alternatively written Loves labours wonne, is the name of a play written by William Shakespeare before 1598. ... The Birth of Merlin, or, The Child Hath Found his Father is a Jacobean play, written in 1622. ... Locrine is an Elizabethan play depicting the legendary Trojan founders of the nation of England and of Troynovant (London). ... The London Prodigal is a city comedy set in London in which a prodigal son learns the error of his ways. ... Title page of the 1607 quarto The Puritan is a Jacobean comedy, published in 1607, generally considered to be written by Thomas Middleton. ... The Second Maidens Tragedy is a Jacobean play that survives only in manuscript. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Sir John Oldcastle is an Elizabethan play about John Oldcastle, a controversial 14th-15th century rebel and Lollard who was seen by some of Shakespeares contemporaries as a proto-Protestant martyr. ... Thomas Lord Cromwell is an Elizabethan play, published in 1602. ... A Yorkshire Tragedy was an English play printed in 1608. ... Fair Em, the Millers Daughter of Manchester, is an Elizabethan comedy written ca. ... Mucedorus is a play at one time claimed to be one of Shakespeares. ... The Merry Devil of Edmonton is an Elizabethan comedy about a magician, Peter Fabel, nicknamed the Merry Devil. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Edmund Ironside is an anonymous Elizabethan play that depicts the life of Edmund II of England; however, at least two critics have suggested it is an early work by Shakespeare. ... Vortigern and Rowena, or Vortigern, an Historical Play is a play that was touted as a newly discovered work by William Shakespeare when it first appeared in 1796. ... Sir John Gilberts 1849 painting: The Plays of William Shakespeare, containing scenes and characters from several of William Shakespeares plays. ... Sir John Gilberts 1849 painting: The Plays of William Shakespeare, containing scenes and characters from several of William Shakespeares plays. ... The precise chronology of Shakespeares plays as they were first written and performed is impossible to determine, as there is no authoritative record and many of the plays were performed many years before they were published. ... The precise chronology of Shakespeares plays as they were first written is impossible to determine, as there is no authoritative record and many of the plays were performed many years before they were published. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles. ... The BBC Television Shakespeare was a set of television adaptations of the plays of Shakespeare, produced by the BBC between 1978 and 1985. ... The following is a partially complete list of titles of works based on Shakespearean phrases. ... This is an index of characters appearing in the plays of William Shakespeare. ... In Shakespeare studies, the term problem plays normally refers to three comedies that William Shakespeare wrote between the late 1590s and the first years of the seventeenth century: Alls Well That Ends Well, Measure for Measure and The Merchant of Venice, although some critics would extend the term to... This list contains the biographies of historical figures who appear in the plays of William Shakespeare. ... In playwriting, a ghost character is a character that is mentioned as appearing on stage but neither says nor does anything but enter, and possibly exit. ...

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