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Periodontitis a disease involving inflammation of the gums (gingiva), often persisting unnoticed for years or decades in a patient, that results in loss of bone around teeth. This differs from gingivitis, where their is inflammation of the gingiva but without bone loss; it is the loss of bone around the teeth that differentiates between these two oral inflammatory diseases. Categories: Dentistry | Mouth ...
Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums (gingiva) around the teeth. ...
Aetiology Plaque bacteria and bacterial toxins that accumulate below the gum-line may cause inflammation of the gums, termed gingivitis. If the gum inflammation persists for enough years it may cause loss of bone around teeth. The loss of the surrounding bone, that holds the teeth in the jaws, may over the years result in the teeth becoming loose and so fall out. Periodontitis is the second most important cause, after tooth decay, of tooth loss. The word plaque or placque may mean: Wiktionary has related dictionary definitions, such as: plaque, placque Dental plaque, a yellowish film that builds up on the teeth Atheromatous plaque, a buildup of fatty deposits within the wall of a blood vessel Mucoid plaque, a supposed thick coating of plaque in...
The gingiva, or gums, consist of the tissue surrounding the roots of the teeth and covering the jawbone. ...
Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums (gingiva) around the teeth. ...
In most cases this disease is linked to poor oral hygiene. In particular, patients must regularly clean underneath their gumline in order to help disrupt the build-up of plaque and inflammation-generating toxins below the gumline. Some people, however, can have a genetic pre-disposition to the disease. Once initiated, the disease can progress more rapidly in people who have diabetes, especially if the diabetes is poorly controlled. Smoking is a strong risk factor for periodontal disease as it contains chemicals that can exacerbate existing inflammation, enhance bacterial growth, and prevent the synthesis of collagen, an important factor in healing damaged gingival tissue. Oral hygiene is keeping the mouth clean. ...
This article is about the disease that features high blood sugar. ...
Symptoms Symptoms may include the following: - occasional redness or bleeding of gums while brushing teeth, using dental floss or biting into hard food (e.g. apples)
- occasional gum swellings that recur
- halitosis or bad breath
- persistent bad taste in the mouth
- recession of gums resulting in apparent lengthening of teeth. This may also be caused by heavy handed brushing using a hard tooth brush.
- pockets between the teeth and the gums (Pockets are sites where the jaw bone has been destroyed gradually or by repeated swellings)).
- loose shaky teeth in later stages
Types of teeth Molars are used for grinding up foods Carnassials are used for slicing food. ...
Halitosis (medical term, first coined by the Listerine company in 1921), oral malodour (scientific term), breath odour, or most commonly bad breath are terms used to describe noticeably unpleasant odors exhaled in breathing. ...
Prevention Measures to prevent periodontal disease include: - brushing properly on a regular basis (2 times a day),to help disrupt the bacterial and plaque growth that may occur there.
- flossing daily and using interdental brushes if there is sufficient space between teeth and behind the last tooth in each quarter.
- using an antiseptic mouthwash. Listerine and its generic formulations, as well as Hydrogen Peroxide, may help prevent gingivitis,
- regular dental check-ups and professional teeth cleaning as required.
- home care
Three toothbrushes The toothbrush is an instrument used to clean teeth. ...
Dental floss is a thin, nylon string that is used to remove food and plaque from the teeth. ...
Antiseptic mouth rinse, often called mouthwash, is an oral hygiene product that claims to kill the germs that cause plaque, gingivitis, and bad breath. ...
Treatment of established disease If not yet already undertaken by the patient then regular twice daily brushing and mouthwashes, with daily flossing and use of an interdental brush needs to be started. Three toothbrushes The toothbrush is an instrument used to clean teeth. ...
Antiseptic mouth rinse, often called mouthwash, is an oral hygiene product that claims to kill the germs that cause plaque, gingivitis, and bad breath. ...
Dental floss is a thin, nylon string that is used to remove food and plaque from the teeth. ...
A dentist or their Periodontist can use professional scraping instruments called scalers to remove bacteria and plaque and tartar (also known as calculus) around teeth and below the gum-line. Just as effective [citation needed] are devices that use a powerful ultra-sonic vibration and irrigation system to break up bacteria, plaque and tartar around the teeth and below the gum line. Periodontics is the study of periodontal disease (also known as gum disease), its effects and treatment. ...
It is difficult to induce the body to repair bone that has been destroyed due to periodontitis. Sometimes bone grafting surgery may be tried, but this has mixed success.[citation needed] Dentists sometimes attempt to treat patients with periodontitis by placing tiny wafers dispensing antibiotics underneath the gumline in affected areas. However, the general scientific consensus is that antibiotic treatment is of minimal value in treating bone loss due to periodontitis. It may help to recover about one millimeter of bone, but it is questionable if this is of significant therepeutic value. A bone graft is a surgical procedure where bone is taken from a donor site and placed elsewhere within the patient. ...
A typical modern surgical operation For other uses, see Surgery (disambiguation). ...
Assessment and prognosis Dentists "measure" periodontal disease using a device called a periodontal probe. This is a thin "measuring stick" that is gently placed into the space between the gums and the teeth, and slipped below the gum-line. If the probe can slip more than 4 millimetres length below the gum-line, the patient is said to have a "gum pocket" around that tooth. This is important because if there is a pocket 5mm or more deep around the tooth, hand instruments and cavitrons cannot reach deeply enough into the pocket to clean out the bacteria and plaque that cause gum inflammation and. In such a situation the pocket or the gums around that tooth will always have inflammation which will likely result in bone loss around that tooth. The only way to stop the inflammation would be if the patient had gum surgery to change the pocket so that it was less than 5 mm. in depth, so that it could once again be cleaned. A periodontal probe is an instrument in dentistry commonly used in the dental armamentarium. ...
If a patient has 5 mm or deeper pockets around most of their teeth, then they would then risk loss of all of their teeth over the years. If this not identified and the patient remains unaware of the progressive periodontal disease then, years later, they may be surprised that most of the teeth have suddenly seemed to become loose and that most or all of them may need to be extracted.
According to the Sri Lankan Tea Labourer study, in the absence of any oral hygiene activity, approximately 10% will suffer from severe periodontal disease with rapid loss of attachment (>2 mm/year). 80% will suffer from moderate loss (1-2 mm/year) and the remaining 10% will not suffer any loss.[1][2]
See also Actinomyces naeslundii are Gram positive rod shaped bacteria that occupy the oral cavity. ...
Dental plaque is a yellowish biofilm that builds up on the teeth. ...
In dentistry, calculus or tartar refers to hardened plaque on the teeth, formed by the presence of saliva, debris, and minerals. ...
Footnotes - ^ Preus HR, Anerud A, Boysen H, Dunford RG, Zambon JJ, Loe H (1995). "The natural history of periodontal disease. The correlation of selected microbiological parameters with disease severity in Sri Lankan tea workers". J Clin Periodontol 22 (9): 674-8. PMID 7593696.
- ^ Ekanayaka A (1984). "Tooth mortality in plantation workers and residents in Sri Lanka". Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 12 (2): 128-35. PMID 6584263.
External links - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001059.htm (Medical Encyclopedia, NIH)
- http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=DS00369 (Mayo Clinic)
- http://www.collagenex.com/core_periodontal.asp
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