NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Periyar National Park

Periyar is a protected area, and a Project Tiger nature reserve in the South Indian State of Kerala, set high in the mountains of the Western Ghats at the border to Tamil Nadu. It lies in the districts of Idukki and Pathanamthitta. The protected area covers an area of 777 km², out of which a 350 km² part of the core zone was made into the Periyar National Park and Tiger Reserve, sometimes dubbed the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary. The park is often called by the name thekkady also. Thekkady is located four km from Kumily, approximately 100 km east of Alappuzha, 110 km west of Madurai and 120 km southeast from Kochi. Image File history File links India-locator-map-blank. ... Image File history File links Red_pog. ... The World Conservation Union or International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) is an international organization dedicated to natural resource conservation. ... Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales, UK A national park is a reserve of land, usually declared and owned by a national government, protected from most human development and pollution. ... Idukki district and town in Kerala Idukki is one among the 14 districts of Kerala state, India. ... Kochi ( ; Malayalam: []); formerly known as Cochin) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1384 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1384 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1421 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1421 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1380 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1380 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1391 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1391 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1411 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1411 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... The Royal Bengal Tiger. ... A nature reserve (natural reserve, nature preserve, natural preserve) is an area of importance for wildlife, flora, fauna or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. ... South India is a geographic and linguistic-cultural region of India. ... (IPA: ; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ... The Agasthiyamalai range of the Western Ghats The Western Ghats are a mountain range in India. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Idukki district and town in Kerala Idukki is one among the 14 districts of Kerala state, India. ... Pathanamthitta is one of the fourteen districts of Kerala state in South India. ... Church Alappuzha, also known as Alleppey, is a town in Alappuzha District of Kerala state of southern India. ... Madurai (à®®à®¤à¯à®°à¯ˆ in Tamil ; IPA: ) is a city and a municipal corporation with a population of more than 1. ... Kochi (Malayalam: à´•àµŠà´šàµà´šà´¿ []), formerly known as Cochin, is the largest city in the state of Kerala, India, and one of the principal seaports in the country. ...

Area

The Periyar protected area lies in the middle of a mountainous area in the Western Ghats. In the north and the east it is bounded by mountain ridges of over 1700 Meter altitude and toward the west it expands into a 1200 Meter high plateau. From this level the altitude drops steeply to the deepest point of the reserve, the 100 Meter valley of the river Pamba. The highest peak is the 2019 Meter high Kottamalai. Monte Roraima In geology and earth science, a plateau, also called a high plateau or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting of relatively flat open country. ...

The sanctuary surrounds picturesque 26 km² Periyar lake, formed by the building of Mullaperiyar Dam in 1895. This reservoir and the Periyar river meander around the contours of the wooded hills, providing a permanent source of water for the local wildlife. Mullaperiyar Dam, a view from the Periyar Reservoir Mullaperiyar Dam is constructed over the headwaters of the Periyar River river in Kerala, India. ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Climate

The temperatures vary depending upon the altitude and it ranges between 15° Celsius in December and January and 31° Celsius in April and May. The annual amount of precipitation lies between 2000 and 3000 mm. About two thirds of the precipitation occurs during the southwest monsoon between June to September. A smaller amount of precipitation occurs during the northeast monsoon between October and December. Monsoon in the Vindhya, a mountain chain in central India A monsoon is a periodic wind, especially in the Indian Ocean and southern Asia. ... The climate of India is difficult to lay due to the countrys large geographic size and varied topography. ...

Vegetation

Approximately 75% of the entire protected area are covered of unaffected evergreen or semi-evergreen rain forest. There typically tall tropical tree species such as Vateria indica, Cullenia exarillata, Hopea parviflora, Canarium strictum, Artocarpus hirsutus and Bischofia javanica are seen. They reach heights of 40 to 50 Metres. A Silver Fir shoot showing three successive years of retained leaves In botany, an evergreen plant is a plant which retains its leaves year-round, with each leaf persisting for more than 12 months. ... A rainforest is a forested biome with high annual rainfall. ... Binomial name Bischofia javanica Blume Bischofia javanica (Bishop wood) is a plant species of the family Phyllanthaceae. ...

Scarcely 13% consists of damp leaves forest, 7% of Eukalyptus plantation and 1.5% of grassland. The remainder (around 3.5%) of the protected area is covered by the Periyar artificial lake as well as the Periyar River and Pamba rivers. Periyar is a common name and can be used in many ways Periyar is the popular name of E.V.Ramasami a political leader and rationalist from Tamil Nadu Periyar River is a river in the Indian state of Kerala This is a disambiguation page â€” a navigational aid which lists... Pamba is the third longest river in the South Indian state of Kerala and the longest river in the erstwhile princely state of Travancore. ...

Altogether the reservation counts nearly 2000 kinds of flowering plants (Angiosperms), three kinds of seed plants (gymnosperms) and 170 different species of ferns. Among the Angiosperms, there are 169 families of sweet grasses and 155 kinds of Fabaceae. Orchids, with 145 representative types, are the most frequent flower. Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also angiosperms or Magnoliophyta) are one of the major groups of modern plants, comprising those that produce seeds in specialized reproductive organs called flowers, where the ovulary or carpel is enclosed. ... Coast Douglas-fir cone This article lacks an appropriate Taxobox You can help Wikipedia by adding one. ... Classes Marattiopsida Osmundopsida Gleicheniopsida Pteridopsida A fern is any one of a group of about 20,000 species of plants classified in the phylum or division Pteridophyta, also known as Filicophyta. ... Binomial name Hierochloe odorata (L.) P. Beauv. ... Subfamilies Faboideae Caesalpinioideae Mimosoideae References GRIN-CA 2002-09-01 The name Fabaceae belongs to either of two families, depending on viewpoint. ... Orchid re-directs here; for alternate uses see Orchid (disambiguation) Genera Over 800 See List of Orchidaceae genera. ...

Animal world

Mammals

Altogether 62 different kinds of mammal have been recorded in Periyar, including many threatened ones. The most famous is probably the tiger, and there are about 35 to 40 tigers. Though it's titled a tiger reserve, tourists also come here to view the Indian elephants in the act of ablution and playfulness by the Periyar lake. The elephant number around 900 to 1000 individuals. Other mammals found here include gaur, sambar (horse deer), barking deer, mouse deer, Dholes (Indian wild dogs), mongoose and leopards. Also inhabiting the park, though rarely seen, are the elusive Nilgiri tahr. Orders Multituberculata (extinct) Palaeoryctoides (extinct) Triconodonta (extinct) Subclass Australosphenida Ausktribosphenida Monotremata Subclass Eutheria (excludes extinct ancestors) Afrosoricida Anagaloidea (extinct) Arctostylopida (extinct) Artiodactyla Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Cimolesta (extinct) Cingulata Creodonta (extinct) Condylarthra (extinct) Dermoptera Desmostylia (extinct) Dinocerata (extinct) Embrithopoda (extinct) Hyracoidea Insectivora Lagomorpha Leptictida (extinct) Litopterna (extinct) Macroscelidea Mesonychia (extinct) Notoungulata... Binomial name Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution of tigers in 1900 (red) and 1990 (green) Synonyms Felis tigris Linnaeus, 1758 Tigris striatus Severtzov, 1858 Tigris regalis Gray, 1867 Tigers (Panthera tigris) are mammals of the Felidae family and one of four big cats in the Panthera genus. ... Binomial name Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758 The Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) is a species of elephant formerly known as the Indian Elephant. ... Binomial name Bos gaurus H. Smith, 1827 The Gaur (Bos gaurus, previously Bibos gauris) is a large, dark-coated ox of the hilly areas of South Asia and Southeast Asia, which may be found wild or domesticated. ... Sambar may refer to: Sambar, a kind of deer Sambar, a lentil-based dish common in South India and Sri Lanka Sambhar Salt Lake in Rajasthan, India. ... Species 10 species, see text Muntjac are deer of the genus Muntiacus, also known as Barking Deer. ... The four species of chevrotain, also known as mouse deer, make up the family Tragulidae. ... Binomial name Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811) The Dhole (Cuon alpinus) is a species of wild dog of the Canidae family. ... Subfamiles Herpestinae A mongoose is a family of small cat-like carnivores. ... Binomial name Panthera pardus (Linnaeus, 1758) Synonyms Felis pardus Linnaeus, 1758 The leopard (Panthera pardus) is one of the four big cats of the genus Panthera. ... Binomial name Nilgiritragus hylocrius (Ogilby, 1838) The Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) ungulate native to the Nilgiri Hills and the southern portion of the Western Ghats range in Tamil Nadu and Kerala states of southernmost India. ...

Four species of primates are found at Periyar - the rare lion-tailed macaque, the Nilgiri Langur, the common langur, and the Bonnet Macaque. Binomial name Macaca silenus (Linnaeus, 1758) The Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus) is an Old World monkey that lives only in southwest India. ... Binomial name Trachypithecus johnii (J. Fischer, 1829) Nilgiri Langur (Trachypithecus johni) is a lutung (a type of Old World monkey) found in the Nilgiri hills of the Western Ghats in South India. ... Subfamilies Cercopithecinae - 11 genera Colobinae - 9 genera The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a group of primates, falling in the superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the clade Catarrhini. ... Binomial name Macaca radiata (E. Geoffroy, 1812) The Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata) is a macaque living in India. ...

Birds

So far 320 different kinds have been counted in Periyar. The bird life includes darters, cormorants, kingfishers, the great Malabar hornbill and racket-tailed Drongos. Species The darters or snake-birds are birds in the family Anhingidae. ... Genera Nannopterum Phalacrocorax Leucocarbo The Phalacrocoracidae family of birds is represented by 38 species of cormorants and shags. ... Families Alcedinidae Halcyonidae Cerylidae Kingfishers are birds of the three families Alcedinidae (river kingfishers), Halcyonidae (tree kingfishers), and Cerylidae (water kingfishers). ... Binomial name Dicrurus paradiseus Linnaeus, 1766 The Greater Racket-tailed Drongo, Dicrurus paradiseus, is a medium-sized Asian bird. ...

Reptiles

There are 45 different kinds of reptile in the protected area out of which there are 30 snake, two turtle, and 13 lizard species. Among those are Monitor lizards that can be spotted basking in the sun on the rocks along the lake shore. Visitors who trek into the Periyar national park often see a Python and sometimes even a King Cobra. For other uses, see Snake (disambiguation). ... Suborders Cryptodira Pleurodira See text for families. ... Families Many, see text. ... Species Many, see text. ... Genera Aspidites Antaresia Apodora Bothrochilus Leiopython Liasis Morelia Python Python is the common name for a group of non-venomous constricting snakes, specifically the family Pythonidae. ... Binomial name Ophiophagus hannah Cantor, 1836 The King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) is the longest of the venomous land snakes, growing up to 18. ...

Amphibians

Twenty seven different kinds have been recorded, of which ten are endemic to the Western Ghats.

Fish

In the waters of the protected area 38 different fish types live, of which four are endemic to the Western Ghats. In artificial lake there are two introduced species : the tilapia originally from Africa and the carps introduced from Europe . Genera and species Oreochromis A. GÃ¼nther,1889 Oreochromis alcalica- Alkaline tilapia Oreochromis aurea- Blue tilapia Oreochromis macrochir- Longfin tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus- Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis niloticus niloticus- Nile tilapia Oreochromis urolepis urolepis- Rufigi tilapia Oreochromis urolepis hornorum- Wami tilapia Sarotherodon W. P. E. S. RÃ¼ppell, 1852 Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus... A world map showing the continent of Africa. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Insects

There is a remarkable variety of butterflies and there are about 160 different kinds in total. Families Superfamily Hesperioidea: Hesperiidae Superfamily Papilionoidea: Papilionidae Pieridae Nymphalidae Lycaenidae Riodinidae A butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptera, it belongs to either the Hesperioidea (the skippers) or Papilionoidea (all other butterflies) Superfamilies. ...

History

1895 - Construction of the Mullaperiyar Dam Mullaperiyar Dam, a view from the Periyar Reservoir Mullaperiyar Dam is constructed over the headwaters of the Periyar River river in Kerala, India. ...

1950 - Consolidation of Periyar as a Wildlife sanctuary An animal sanctuary is a place where animals can come to live and be protected for the rest of their lives. ...

1982 - Preliminary notification of the core area as a National Park Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales, UK A national park is a reserve of land, usually declared and owned by a national government, protected from most human development and pollution. ...

Tourists and Pilgrims

The Periyar tiger reserve is a well monitored National park and the Ecotourism project in the park is considered to be one of the successful ecotourism projects in India. The core zone of the park is not accessible to the tourists. Within the buffer zone of 430 km², a zone of 55 km² is kept apart for tourism. This zone essentially covers the bank and edges of the lake. In the lake, boat travel are offered to the tourists. Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales, UK A national park is a reserve of land, usually declared and owned by a national government, protected from most human development and pollution. ... Ecotourism means ecological tourism, where ecological has both environmental and social connotations. ...

In the buffer zone there is also the temple of Sabarimala, which is visited by about 4 million pilgrims annually. Sabarimala (Malayalam :à´¶à´¬à´°à´¿à´®à´²) is a pilgrim centre in Kerala in the Western Ghat mountain ranges of India. ... One million (1000000), one thousand thousand, is the natural number following 999999 and preceding 1000001. ...

External Links

Categories: IUCN Category II | National parks of India Wikitravel is a project to create an open content, complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide travel guide. ... Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales, UK A national park is a reserve of land, usually declared and owned by a national government, protected from most human development and pollution. ... Campbell Bay National Park is a national park in India, located on the island of Great Nicobar, the largest of the Nicobar Islands in the eastern Indian Ocean some 190 km to the north of Sumatra. ... National park found on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. ... Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park is a national park of India in Wandoor on the Andaman Islands. ... The Mount Harriet Island National Park is a national park located in Ferrargunj tehsil in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory. ... A national park located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands along the coast of India. ... A national park found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands along the coast of India. ... Rani Jhansi Marine National Park is located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal. ... A national park found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. ... A national park located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands off the coast of India. ... Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park is a national park located in the Jubilee hills in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. ... Located in Vanasthalipuram, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. ... A national park in Andhra Pradesh, India. ... A national park located in the Cuddapah and Chittoor districts of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... A national park located in the Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh About 500 square km. ... A national park located on the banks of the Brahmaputra River close to Miao in the Changlang District of Arunachal Pradesh. ... A national wildlife park found in Tinsukia, Assam, India. ... 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