- This is an article about the social activist. For the river in the Indian state of Kerala, see Periyar River.
E.V. Ramasami Naicker (September 17, 1879 – December 24, 1973), also known as E.V. Ramaswami, EVR, Thanthai Periyar, or just Periyar, was an atheist, anti-Hindu, social reformer, an activist, and the founder of Dravidar Kazhagam and the Self-Respect Movement in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Periyar is one of the major river in Kerala. ...
Image File history File links Periyar1973. ...
Periyar (September 17, 1879–December 24, 1973), also known as E.V. Ramasami, EVR, Thanthai Periyar, or Periyar Ramasami, is a well-known rationalist, atheist, freedom fighter, activist, founder of Dravidar Kazhagam and founder of the Self-respect Movement in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. ...
September 17 is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years). ...
1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Erode (pronounced e-road, where ஈரோடை by time became as ஈரோட௠in Tamil) is a city in the state of Tamilnadu, India. ...
Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ...
December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (359th in leap years). ...
1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ...
Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ...
The term Trader can refer to: In economics, a merchant, a retail business or one who attempts to generally buy wholesale and sell later at a profit In finance, someone who buys and sells financial instruments such as stocks, bonds and derivatives - see stock trader In marketing, Trader Classified Media...
A social worker is a person employed in the administration of charity, social service, welfare, and poverty agencies, advocacy, or religious outreach programs. ...
September 17 is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years). ...
1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (359th in leap years). ...
1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ...
For information about the band, see Atheist (band). ...
Anti-Hindu propaganda launched by Fundamentalist sects of Christianity Anti-Hindu prejudice is a negative perception against Hinduism, Hindus and Indian or Hindu culture. ...
Social reform is changing government and society for the good of everyone. ...
Activism, in a general sense, can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change. ...
Dravidar Kazhagam or Dravida Kazhagam (Dravidian Organization) was the first fully Dravidian party in India. ...
Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ...
Life and beliefs
EVR's given name was Ramaswami. He was from a prominent Kannada Naicker caste, a community that descended from the Nayak rulers of Tamil Nadu. Hence he is called E. V. Ramaswami Naicker. "Periyar" means 'respected one' or an 'elder' in Tamil. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2332x1683, 134 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2332x1683, 134 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
Tamil (தமிழ௠) is a classical language and one of the major languages of the Dravidian language family. ...
EVR was an atheist, noted for his antitheistic statement, "He who created god was a fool, he who spreads his name is a scoundrel, and he who worships him is a barbarian." His atheistic attacks and blasphemous acts, however, were directed at Hinduism alone. In 1956, he took a procession of Rama's picture garlanded with slippers near Dharmapuri and destroyed the portrait in public, drawing widespread protests from Indians whose religious sentiments were hurt. EVR's most popular[citation needed] writing is The Ramayana: A True Reading (1959), on the Ramayana, a Hindu epic. Hinduism (Sanskrit: eternal law; in several modern Indian languages[1] also known as ), is a religion that originated on the Indian subcontinent. ...
Lord Sri Rama (center) with wife Sita, brother Lakshmana and devotee Hanuman. ...
Dharmapuri is a city and a administrative headquarters of Dharmapuri district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. ...
The (DevanÄgarÄ«: ) is an ancient Sanskrit epic attributed to the poet Valmiki and is an important part of the Hindu canon (smá¹›ti). ...
 MGR paying respects to Periyar's mortal remains Though he was born in an affluent Kannada origin Naidu family, he fought against the untouchability practiced by upper castes, specifically targeting Brahmins, the rituals of Hinduism, and the caste system. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2335x1676, 185 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2335x1676, 185 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ...
Naidu or Nayudu or Naidoo is a common title used by various social groups of Andhra Pradesh. ...
Untouchable may mean: Dalit (outcaste), formerly or derogatively, populations of India and Nepal outside the caste system Untouchable, a novel of Mulk Raj Anand The Untouchables, the Treasury agent team led by Eliot Ness featured in the self-named book, television series, and motion picture. ...
A Brahmin (anglicised from the Sanskrit word IAST ; Devanagari ), also known as Vipra, Dvija, Dvijottama (best of the Dvijas), (god on Earth) is a member of an upper caste within Hindu society. ...
Hinduism (Sanskrit: eternal law; in several modern Indian languages[1] also known as ), is a religion that originated on the Indian subcontinent. ...
The word Caste is derived from the Portuguese word casta, meaning lineage, breed or race. ...
His Early Life Periyar was the son of a merchant Venkata, who was a devout Hindu of the Vaishnavite school of thought. His mother was Chinna Thayammal alais Muthammal; he had one elder brother named Krishnaswamy and two sisters named Kannamma and Ponnuthoy. Periyar studied for 5 years and joined his father's trade at the age of 12. He used to listen to Tamil Vaishnavite gurus who gave discourses in his house enjoying his father's hospitality. Periyar was married to Nagammal a girl of just 13 in 1898. He became the father of a female child which soon died and he had no more children. After being reprimanded[citation needed] by his father, Periyar left his house for Kasi. Vaishnavites are followers of Vaishnavism in which Vishnu or His avatars are worshipped as the supreme God. ...
Vaishnavites are followers of Vaishnavism in which Vishnu or His avatars are worshipped as the supreme God. ...
1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
Benares (also known as Banaras, Kashi, Kasi and Varanasi (वाराणसी)) is a Hindu holy city on the banks of the river Ganga or Ganges in the modern north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ...
Pilgrimage to Kaasi He went on a pilgrimage to Varanasi to worship in the famous Siva temple Kashi Vishwanath in 1904. He wanted to enter a Free-lunch place but finding that it was meant only for Brahmins[citation needed], he disguised himself as a one. But it was discovered that he was not a Brahmin and he was removed from the place[citation needed]. Later he learnt that the Free-lunch place was built with the donation of a Dravidian merchant[citation needed]. He saw the discrimination against non brahmins[citation needed]. He had pictured Kasi as a place where all Hindus would be treated equally. This humililation was the turning point in Periyar's life and after that made a deep wound in the heart of Periyar and it inflamed intense hatred towards the caste system and Hindu religion itself[1] On returning to Erode - his father delegated all his trade rights to this second son and renamed his major commercial concern under the title: "E.V. Ramasamy Mandi" VÄrÄṇasÄ« (HindÄ«: वाराणसी, UrdÅ«: وارانسی, IPA: ), also known as Benares, Banaras, or Benaras (HindÄ«: बनारस, UrdÅ«: بنارس, ; IPA: ), or Kashi or Kasi (काशी کاشی ), is a famous Hindu holy city situated on the banks of the river Ganges (Ganga) in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ...
Varanasi (Hindi: वाराणसी , pronunciation / /), also known as Benares, Banaras, or Benaras (Hindi: बनारस , pronunciation / /), or Kashi or Kasi (Hindi: काशी ), is a famous Hindu holy city situated on the banks of the river Ganges (Ganga) in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ...
Year 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ...
A Brahmin (anglicised from the Sanskrit word IAST ; Devanagari ), also known as Vipra, Dvija, Dvijottama (best of the Dvijas), (god on Earth) is a member of an upper caste within Hindu society. ...
Benares (also known as Banaras, Kashi, Kasi and Varanasi (वाराणसी)) is a Hindu holy city on the banks of the river Ganga or Ganges in the modern north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ...
A Freedom Fighter as a Congress Party Leader When Mahatma Gandhi took the lead in the Indian National Congress, Periyar joined the organisation in 1919. He resigned 29 public posts he held at that time, including the municipal chairmanship of Erode town. He gave up his very lucrative wholesale dealership in grocery and agricultural products, and closed his newly begun spinning mill. Periyar wholeheartedly undertook the constructive programme - spreading the use of Khadi, picketing toddy shops, boycotting the shops selling foreign cloth and eradication of untouchability[citation needed]. He courted imprisonment for picketing toddy shops in Erode in 1921. When his wife as well as his sister joined the agitation, it gained momentum, and the administration was forced to come to a compromise. The Indian National Congress (also known as the Congress Party) is the largest subscription-based organisation in the world. ...
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) (Devanagari: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी, Gujarati મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી), called...
In 1922, Periyar moved a resolution in the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee when it met at Tiruppur. The resolution required people of all castes to be allowed to enter and worship in all the temples, as a measure to end birth-based discrimination. Citing the authority of Vedas and other Hindu scriptures, the Brahmin members of the Committee opposed the resolution and stalled its passage[citation needed]. This reactionary stand of the members of upper Varna provoked Periyar to declare that he would burn Manu dharma Sastra, Ramayana etc. to show his disapproval to accept such scriptures to govern the social, religious and cultural aspects of the people. Tamil Nadu (தமிழ௠நாடà¯, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ...
The (DevanÄgarÄ«: ) is an ancient Sanskrit epic attributed to the poet Valmiki and is an important part of the Hindu canon (smá¹›ti). ...
Periyar's determination to bring about socio-cultural revolution impelled him to support even his opponents when they implemented his progressive scheme. Though a Congress leader, he supported in 1923, the Justice Party's measure to form Hindu Religious Endowment Board.
While the DK propaganda machine calls EVR 'Vaikom Veerar' for his role in the Vaikom Satyagraha (1924-25), native historians in Kerala dispute the extent of his role. EVR was merely one visitor among many at Vaikom. The real leaders of the Vaikom struggle were T. K. Madhavan and Mannathu Padmanabhan. They were supported by a number of local and national leaders. At best, it can be said that EVR latched on to a popular cause, and his followers magnified his contribution so that it appears to be even bigger than that of the original leaders. Vaikom Satyagraham (1924 - 25) was a satyagraham (movement) in the southern Indian state of Kerala against untouchability in Hinduism. ...
At Cheranmaadhevi near Tirunelveli in Southern Tamil Nadu, they started a National training school as an alternative to those run under the control of the British Government. That school, known as Gurukulam, was funded by the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee and by other non-Brahmin philanthropists. They showed discrimination between the Brahmin and Non-Brahmin students[2] Brahmin boys were treated in a better way than the others with regard to food, shelter and the curriculum. Along with his companions Periyar stoutly opposed the discriminatory practice and put an end to it. now. ...
EVR, the freedom fighter[citation needed] fought for India's freedom till 1930 and after that he fought against India's freedom. On 15-8-1947, when India became free of British domination, grieved the coming of Indian Independence by wearing black armband and waving black flag.
A Committed Rationalist and Rebel It was Periyar's firm conviction that universal enjoyment of human rights will become a reality only when the Varna-Jaathi (caste) system was eradicated. Until the social reconstruction took place, he wanted communal representation as ameasure of affirmative action to uphold social justice. So he tried, every year from 1919, to make the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee to accept the policy of reservation to different social groups and communities. But his efforts bore no fruit in this regard. Finally he left Congress in November, 1925 at the Kancheepuram .
Self-Respect Movement: 1925-39 Periyar's philosophy is that different sections of a society should have equal rights to enjoy the fruits of the resources and the development of the country; they should all be represented, in proportion to their numerical strength, in the governance and the administration of the state[citation needed]. This principle had been enunicated earlier by those who stood for social justice, particularly by the South Indian Liberal Federation, popularly known as Justice Party. Periyar's unique contribution was his insistence on rational outlook to bring about intellectual emancipation and a healthy world-view[citation needed]. He also stressed the need to abolish the hierarchal, graded, birth-based caste structure as a prelude to build a new egalitarian social order[citation needed]. In other words, he wanted to lay a sound socio-cultural base, before raising a strong structure of free polity and prosperous economy. Justice Party was the political wing of Then Nala Urimai Sangam (literal translation: The South Indian Welfare Association). ...
It was in this context, the Self-Respect Movement, founded in 1925, carried on a vigorous and ceaseless propaganda against ridiculous and harmful superstitions, traditions, customs and habits[citation needed]. He wanted to dispel the ignorance of the people and make them enlightened[citation needed]. He exhorted them to take steps to change the institutions and values that led to meaningless divisions and unjust discrimination[citation needed].He advised them to change according to the requirements of the changing times and keep pace with the modern conditions.Even though Periyar opposed some Hindu activities, his opposition gave hinduism a new form in Tamilnadu and further shaped hinduism as it will fit modern ages and not to hurt anybody.Thoughts to use sixth sense created awareness among tamil people [citation needed].
Self-respecters performed marriages without Brahmin priests (prohits) and without religious rites. They insisted on equality between men and women in all walks of life{{fact}. They encouraged inter-caste and widow marriages[citation needed]. Periyar propagated the need for birth-control even from late 1920s[citation needed]. He gathered support for lawful abolition of Devadasi (temple prostitute) system and the practice of child marriage[citation needed]. It was mainly due to his consistent and energetic propaganda, the policy of reservations in job opportunities in government administration was put into practice in the then Madras Province (which included Tamilnadu) in 1928[citation needed]. Devadasi (in Sanskrit servant of god) is a religious practice still found in some Hindu communities, especially in southern India, in which young girls are married to a deity or a temple. ...
Periyar and his followers campaigned constantly to influence and pressurise the government to take measures to remove social inequality even while other nationalist leaders focussed on the struggle for political independence[citation needed].
Leader of Justice Party: 1939-1944 We have seen that Periyar was elected while he was in prison, as the leader of the South Indian Liberal Federation, popularly known as Justice Party, in its Provincial Conference held in Madras (Chennai) on 29, 30 December, 1938. He was basically a fighter for human rights for all from the beginning to the end of his public life. Now he added a new dimension to his movement, viz., demand for an independent Dravida Naadu. He was driven to make this demand in 1938-39, because he found the Brahminical upper castes whom he opposed for their social oppression, were in league with the North Indian Bania community (comprador capitalists) in imposing Hindi and in exploiting economically the people of South India. Madras redirects here. ...
As a protest against the British rulers involving India in the war without consulting the High Command of their party, the Congress ministries in Madras and seven other Provinces resigned on 29th October of the same year. As Periyar was the leader of the opposition Justice Party, he was asked by the Governor and Governor General twice in 1940 and 1942 to form the ministry. Though a Congress leader, his friend C.Rajagopalachari personally requested Periyar to accept the offer, assuring his outside support to the Justice Party ministry. He explained that he wanted to put an end to the rule of the Governor and his advisers. But Periyar refused to head the Provincial Government on both the occasions. His refusal was on two grounds: First, he felt it improper to form the ministry without a popular mandate[citation needed]. Secondly, he firmly believed that his main task of annihilating caste system and spreading rational humanist principles would receive a set back, if he assumed power. Madras refers to: the Indian city of Chennai, formerly known as Madras, the former Indian state, now known as Tamil Nadu (Plural of Madra): Ancient people of Iranian affinites, who lived in northwest Panjab in the Uttarapatha division of ancient India. ...
Justice Party was the political wing of Then Nala Urimai Sangam (literal translation: The South Indian Welfare Association). ...
Rajaji Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari (December 1878 - December 25, 1972), known as or Rajaji or C.R., was an Indian lawyer, writer, statesman and a Hindu spiritualist. ...
Periyar left for Mumbai (Bombay) on 5th January 1940. Dr. B.R.Ambedkar gave dinner- parties twice in his honour. They met the Muslim League leader M.A.Jinnah at his residence in Mumbai on 8th January 1940. Periyar explained then his decision to work for an independent State known as Dravida Naadu. On 21st January 1940, the Madras provincial Government ruled by the Governor and his advisers abolished the compulsory study of Hindi in schools. M.A.Jinnah sent a telegram to Periyar congratulating him on the success of his endeavour to ward off the imposition of Hindi. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (April 14, 1891 or 1892 - December 6, 1956) was the most prominent Indian Untouchable leader of the 20th century. ...
Aga Khan III, one of the founders of the Muslim League Navin had a boner and put it in his mouth The All India Muslim League (Urdu: مسلم لیگ) was a political party in British India and was the driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state from British...
Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah of Pakistan Mohammad Ali Jinnah (referred to in Pakistan as Quaid-e-Azam, or Great Leader, which is a legally defined title) (December 25, 1876 - September 11, 1948) was an Indian Muslim nationalist, who led the movement demanding a separate homeland for Muslims in...
When the Justice Party was defeated in the 1937 general elections after being in power for a very long spell from 1921, most of its leaders were disheartened and became inactive. It was at this moment of crisis, Periyar accepted the leadership of the party because he always felt the need for the existence of a vigorous political party essentially oriented to work for the upliftment of the socially deprived sections of the people.
In February 1941, the founder-leader of Radical Democratic Party, M.N.Roy, came to Chennai and stayed as Periyar's guest. He sought Periyar's cooperation to form a grand All India alliance against the Congress Party. Both of them supported the war efforts of Great Britain as they considered British Imperialism a lesser evil than the m of Mussolini, Nazism of Hitler and the Militarism of Tojo. As a result of Periyar's persistent demand, the degrading practice of serving separately the Brahmins and the 'others' in the restaurants in railway stations was abolished in March, 1941. The conservative section in the Justice Party disliked Periyar's radical social reform programme, his critical view of religious literature and the propagation of rationalist ideas. Unmindful of their opposition, he continued his onward march and gathered around him the youth and the common people. It was during this period in 1942-43 that Maniammai joined the movement and came to attend to the personal needs of Periyar. She was devoted to the leader and served him sincerely. They married later in 1949. Radical Democratic Party is the name of several political parties: Radical Democratic Party (Bulgaria) Radical Democratic Party (India) Radical Democratic Party of Switzerland This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
Roy may refer to: // Places Roy, New Mexico, USA Roy, Utah, USA Roy, Washington, USA Fashion brand Roy (fashion house), Melbourne, Australia People Family name Arundhati Roy, an Indian novelist and peace activist Indra Lal Roy, an Indian flying ace of World War I M. N. Roy, an Indian-born...
Look up M, m in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
National Socialism redirects here. ...
Tojo can refer to: Tojo, Hyogo (Japanese town) Hideki Tojo (Japanese prime minister during World War II) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
Leader of Dravidar Kazhagam The Justice Party's provincial conference held in Salem on 27th August 1944 marked a turning point in EVR's movement. The name of the Party was changed as Dravidar Kazhagam. The members were asked to give up the posts, positions and titles conferred by the British rulers. They were also required to drop the caste suffix of their names. It was also decided that the members of the movement should not contest the elections. In other words, the Justice Party which was political was transformed into Dravidar Kazhagam and became a non-political socio-cultural movement. Dravidar Kazhagam or Dravida Kazhagam (Dravidian Organization) was the first fully Dravidian party in India. ...
The Dravidar Kazhagam flag, in the ratio of 3:2, a red circle in the middle in the black background, was adopted in 1946. The black represented the deprivations and the indignities to which the Dravidians are subjected to under the Hindu religious milieu. EVR raised his sure voice against the manner in which the Constituent Assembly was constituted. EVR declared that 15 August 1947, when India became politically free, was a day of mourning because the event marked, in his opinion, only a transfer of power to the Brahmin - Bania Combine, whose socio-cultural domination, in addition to economic exploitation, would be worse than the British rule.
EVR revived the agitation against Hindi when it was again introduced in the schools in June 1948. Though the authorities were stubborn in the initial stages and took stern steps against the agitations, they had to yield in course of time to the popular will, and withdrew the scheme of compulsory study of Hindi[3] Some of his followers wanted to enter into politics and have a share in running the government. They were looking for an opportunity to part with EVR. When he married Maniammai on 9th July 1948, they quit Dravidar Kazhagam stating that EVR had set a bad example by marrying a young woman in his old age - he was 70 and she 30.
Those who parted company with EVR formed Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam - DMK, under the leadership of C.N.Annadurai (Arignar Anna). Least perturbed by sentimental and motivated protests, EVR marched on with redoubled vigour to found an enlightened egalitarian society. C.N.Annadurai (1909 to 1969), popularly called Anna (which means elder brother in Tamil language) was the first non Congress Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, India. ...
Anti-Hindi Hindi imposition in Tamil Nadu started in 1937 when the Congress Government of the Madras Presidency under (Rajaji) made Hindi a compulsory subject in schools. Tamils opposed Hindi imposition immediately and the Justice Party under Sir A. D. Panneerselvam and Periyar organized anti-Hindi imposition protests in 1938 and were arrested and jailed by the Rajaji government. More than 1200 people, including women and children, were imprisoned in 1938, of which two, Thalamuthu and Natarasan, lost their lives. In 1939 the Rajaji government quit and it was withdrawn in 1940 by the British governor. Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ...
1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Rajaji Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari (December 1878 - December 25, 1972), known as or Rajaji or C.R., was an Indian lawyer, writer, statesman and a Hindu spiritualist. ...
Hindi (Devanagari: हिनà¥à¤¦à¥€ or हिंदी; IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is the official language of the Union government of India [1][2]. It is part of a dialect continuum of the Indic family, bounded on the northwest and west by Punjabi, Sindhi, Urdu, and Gujarati...
The Tamil people are an ethnic group from the Indian subcontinent with a recorded history going back more than two millennia. ...
Hindi (Devanagari: हिनà¥à¤¦à¥€ or हिंदी; IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is the official language of the Union government of India [1][2]. It is part of a dialect continuum of the Indic family, bounded on the northwest and west by Punjabi, Sindhi, Urdu, and Gujarati...
Rajaji Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari (December 1878 - December 25, 1972), known as or Rajaji or C.R., was an Indian lawyer, writer, statesman and a Hindu spiritualist. ...
Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...
1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ...
EVR and Kula Kalvi Thittam/Hereditary Education Policy Rajaji introduced a new education policy based on family vocation which its opponents dubbed Kula Kalvi Thittam (Hereditary Education Policy).As per this policy schools will work in the morning and students had to compulsorily learn the family vocation in the afternoon . A Carpenter’s son would learn Carpentry ,a priest's son chanting hymns and a barber’s son hair cutting and shaving after school in the afternoon.[4]EVR felt that the scheme was a clever device against Dalits and Other Backward Classes as there first generation was getting educated only then[5]EVR demanded its withdrawal and launched protests against the Kula Kalvi Thittam (Hereditary Education Policy) which he felt was caste based was aimed at maintaining caste hegemony. Rajaji quit in 1954 and Kamaraj scrapped it after becoming chief minister[6] [7] Hereditary Education Policy or Kula Kalvi Thittam is a education policy introduced by Rajaji as Chief Minister of Madras State in 1952. ...
tools of a medieval carpenter, c. ...
A carpenter is a skilled craftsman who performs carpentry -- a wide range of woodworking that includes constructing buildings, furniture, and other large objects out of wood. ...
Roman Catholic priests in clerical clothing. ...
See also hymn - a program to decrypt iTunes music files. ...
A boy visiting a barber A barber (from the Latin barba, beard) is someone whose occupation is to cut any type of hair, give shaves, and trim beards. ...
Hereditary Education Policy or Kula Kalvi Thittam is a education policy introduced by Rajaji as Chief Minister of Madras State in 1952. ...
K. Kamaraj (July 15, 1903–1975) was an Indian politician widely known as a kingmaker in Indian politics. ...
EVR's ideas on Modern Tamil Alphabet He instituted Tamil alphabet reforms and his reasons are as follows[citation needed]:
In writings and publications of 70 or 80 years ago, the vowel 'ee' (i:), indicated today as ' ¼ ', was a cursive and looped representation of the short form, ' ¬ ' (i) In stone inscriptions of 400 or 500 years ago, many Tamil letters are found in other shapes. The older and the more divine a language and its letters are said to be, they, in truth, need reform.
Periyar - The Movie Sathyaraj and Khushboo are acting in a forthcoming movie on Periyar. Tamil Nadu government announced a grant of Rs 95 lakhs (9.5 million) for the Movie on Periyar. Jothmai is acting as Periyar's first wife. Movie is made in South East Asian countries like Malaysia. Sathyaraj Sathyaraj (Tamil : சதà¯à®¯à®°à®¾à®œà¯) (born October 3, 1954) is a lead actor in the Tamil film industry (Kollywood). ...
Kushboo (born 19 September 1970 in Bombay, India ) is a Tamil film actress. ...
Criticism - As a Kannada he had no background knowledge of Saiva Hindu tradition or how Brahmins have helped to develop Tamil language. He created a division between Tamil non-Brahmins and Tamil Brahmins without proper background knowledge;
- He declared Indian independence as a day of slavery and declared it as a day of mourning. He fought for the separation of Tamil areas of India and Sri Lanka and for the human rights of the oppressed Tamil diaspora.
- He was against caste system and waged a cold war against Brahmins. This made all the Brahmins jointedly fight against him even on reasonable rights of the other castes. Even now long after his death Brahmins hate him and condemn him.
- EVR has been accused of abusing Brahmins with vulgar language and running a hate campaign against them.
- EVR's followers have broken temple idols, cut sacred threads and tufts from brahmin priests, and have often portrayed brahmins in the most derogatory manner in their meetings and magazines (see http://www.viduthalai.com and http://www.unmaionline.com - both in Tamil language.
- Gandhi did not like his views as he wanted to bring in reforms gradually; Periyar bolted away from the freedom movement and joined hands with the Imperialism.
Notable followers Dr.K.Veeramani K. Veeramani, is the leader of Dravidar Kazhagam, an Indian organization centered in Tamil Nadu, opposed to the caste system and dedicated to the welfare of non-Brahmins. ...
Dravidar Kazhagam or Dravida Kazhagam (Dravidian Organization) was the first fully Dravidian party in India. ...
Kavignar Inkulab is a Tamil poet, whose poems espousing rationality have been critically acclaimed. ...
The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ...
Ponnambalam Kumaraswamy ( often referred to as Poondi Kumaraswamy) was a leading hydrologist of India with much of his work having practical significance. ...
External links Parpanar (also Parppanar, Parppaan, or Paappaan). ...
Dravidistan was a proposed independent nation for the Dravida race in India, consisting of the four modern south Indian states, then forming the Madras Presidency. It was proposed by E.V. Ramaswami Periyar, the anti-Brahmin activist from Tamilnadu. ...
Bharathidasan (April 29, 1891 - April 1, 1964; also spelt Bharatidasan) was a twentieth century Tamil poet and rationalist whose literary works handled mostly socio-political issues. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
References
Bibliography - Diehl, Anita. E. V. Ramaswami - Periyar: A study of the influence of a personality in contemporary South India. ISBN 91-24-27645-6
- Richman, Paula. "E.V. Ramasami's Reading of the Ramayana" in Paula Richman, ed., Many Ramayanas: The Diversity of a Narrative Tradition in South Asia.
|
Feeds |
Contact