A perlocutionary act is any speech act that amounts to persuading, convincing, scaring, enlightening, inspiring, or otherwise getting someone to do or realize something. When examining perlocutionary acts, the effect in the hearer or reader is emphasized. Unlike illocutionary acts, which stress some linguistic performance, a perlocutionary act's effect is in some sense external to the performance. A speech act is best described as in saying something, we do something, such as when a minister says, I now pronounce you husband and wife, or an action performed by means of language, such as describing something (), asking a question (Is it snowing?), making a request or order (Could... Illocutionary force is the effect a speech act has in the world. ...
Moreover, almost any speech act is really the performance of several acts at once, distinguished by different aspects of the speaker's intention: there is the act of saying something, what one does in saying it, such as requesting or promising, and how one is trying to affect one's audience.
Whereas the upshot of these illocutionary acts is understanding on the part of the audience, perlocutionaryacts are performed with the intention of producing a further effect.
Speech acts, being perlocutionary as well as illocutionary, generally have some ulterior purpose, but they are distinguished primarily by their illocutionary type, such as asserting, requesting, promising and apologizing, which in turn are distinguished by the type of attitude expressed.
In contrast to illocutionary acts, if a perlocutionary effect is intended, there is no conventional way for the speaker to guarantee that it will be brought about.
Perlocutionary effects come about not as a part of linguistic communication, but because of linguistic communication and how it relates to some more general area of human interaction.
The second type of standard association of intended perlocutionary effect is not the type of illocutionary act performed, as above, but rather with the content of the act itself.
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