Permanent makeup is a cosmetic technique which employs tattoos (permanent pigmentation of the dermis) as a means of producing designs that resemble makeup, such as eyelining and other permanent enhancing colors to the skin of the face, lips and eyelids. It is also used to produce artificial eyebrows, particularly in people who have lost it as a consequence of old age, disease, such as alopecia, chemotherapy or a genetic disturbance, and to disguise scars and white spots in the skin such as in vitiligo. It is also used to restore or enhance the breast's areola, such as after breast surgery. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (1800 × 1200 pixel, file size: 279 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Example of permanent makeup appearance, posted by Marjorie Grimm, CPCP, San Jose, California. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (1800 × 1200 pixel, file size: 279 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Example of permanent makeup appearance, posted by Marjorie Grimm, CPCP, San Jose, California. ... For beauty as a characteristic of a persons appearance, see Physical attractiveness. ... For other uses, see Tattoo (disambiguation). ... Cosmetics or makeup are substances to enhance the beauty of the human body, apart from simple cleaning. ... Beyond overall skin structure, refer below to: See-also. ... For other uses, see Face (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Lip (disambiguation). ... An eyelid is a thin fold of skin and muscle that covers and protects an eye. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Alopecia is a set of disorders ranging from male and female pattern alopecia (alopecia androgenetica), to alopecia areata, which involves the loss of some of the hair from the head, alopecia totalis, which involves the loss of all head hair, to the most extreme form, alopecia universalis, which involves the... Chemotherapy is the use of chemical substances to treat disease. ... This article is about the general scientific term. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Not to be confused with alphos, a form of leprosy once called vitiligo. ... Cross section of the breast of a human female. ...

Other names used are dermapigmentation, micropigmentation, permanent cosmetics and cosmetic tattooing. These procedures are regulated in many countries and states, some of them requiring a registered professional, such as an esthetician, dermatologist or plastic surgeon to perform it. In the United States and other countries, the inks used in permanent makeup and the pigments in these inks are subject to FDA regulation as cosmetics and color additives. Cosmetology is the study of skin, hair and nails and includes, but is not limited to, manicures, pedicures, application of artificial nails, special occasion hairstyling, shampooing hair, cosmetic application, body hair removal, chemical hair relaxers or straighteners, permanent waves, coloring and highlighting of hair, and hair extensions or wig treatments. ... Dermatology is a branch of medicine dealing with the skin, its structure, functions, and diseases (from Greek derma, skin), as well as its appendages (nails, hair, sweat glands). ... Plastic surgery is a general term for operative manual and instrumental treatment which is performed for functional or aesthetic reasons. ... An ink is a liquid containing various pigments and/or dyes used for coloring a surface to render an image or text. ... Natural Ultramarine pigment in powdered form. ... “FDA” redirects here. ...

History

Permanent makeup dates back at least to the start of the 20th century, though its nature was often concealed in its early days. The tattooist Mollie Forster, a major developer of the technique when it become fashionable in the 1910s and 1920s, described in his memoirs how beauty salons tattooed many women without their knowledge, offering it as a "complexion treatment ... of injecting vegetable dyes under the top layer of the skin (the dermis)".^[1]

Results

Results are usually good, and often mimic topically applied cosmetics, such as in complete alopecia of the eyebrows. The skill and the experience of the tattoo artist are fundamental. Before committing to permanent makeup, particularly if for convenience only, clients should be aware of the potential problems of later removal and complications that may ensue. As with tattooing, permanent makeup may take several sessions and may present some minor discomfort (although many technicians will use a topical anesthetic to help reduce any discomfort)

Result looks "hard" just after application, but become somewhat more natural (as natural as makeup can be) after a few weeks.

Permanent makeup can be useful for women who wish to wear makeup, but cannot apply it easily because they have allergic reactions to makeup materials, have vision deficits, tremors or restrictions of precise movements of the fingers and hands (such as in arthritis, stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, or other conditions). Permanent makeup may also be used to camouflage scarring on the face or other parts of the body. For the film see Tremors (film). ... Arthritis (from Greek arthro-, joint + -itis, inflammation; plural: arthritides) is a group of conditions where there is damage caused to the joints of the body. ... For other uses, see Stroke (disambiguation). ...

The pigmentation of permanent makeup may fade over time, particularly under the effects of sunlight. It usually lasts for a decade or more before fading significantly. Touching up the makeup may be required to restore the original color.

Removal

See also: Tattoo removal

As with tattoos, permanent makeup can be difficult to remove. Common techniques used for this are laser resurfacing, dermabrasion (physical or chemical peeling), scarification and surgical removal. Another interesting technique is camouflaging-- adding a new pigment which counteracts the tattoo color and emulates normal skin color. Removal is often even more painful and laborious than the tattooing itself. For other uses, see Tattoo (disambiguation). ... Laser resurfacing is a technique used during laser surgery wherein molecular bonds of a material are dissolved by a laser. ... Dermabrasion involves the removal of the surface of the skin with specialist equipment and usually involves a general anaesthetic. ... Scarification is a permanent body modification that uses scar tissue produced by the body to form designs, pictures, or words in the skin. ...

Adverse effects and complications

See also: Tattoo health risks

As with tattoos, permanent makeup may have complications, such as allergies to the pigments, formation of scars, granulomas and keloids, skin cracking, peeling, blistering and local infection. The use of unsterilized tattooing instruments may infect the patient with serious diseases such as HIV and hepatitis. Removal problems may also ensue, due to patient dissatisfaction or regret, and they may be particularly difficult to remove in places such as eyelids and lips without leaving permanent sequelae. For other uses, see Tattoo (disambiguation). ... Complication, in medicine, is a unfavorable evolution of a disease, a health condition or a medical treatment. ... Allergy is an abnormal reaction to a substance foreign to the body that is acquired, predictable and rapid. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... H&E section of non-caseasting granuloma seen in the colon of a patient with Crohns disease In medicine (anatomical pathology), a granuloma is a group of epithelioid macrophages surrounded by a lymphocyte cuff. ... A keloid is a special type of scar which results in an overgrowth of tissue at the site of a healed skin injury. ... For the packaging type, see Blister pack. ... An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. ... Species Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections). ... Hepatitis (plural hepatitides) implies injury to liver characterised by presence of inflammatory cells in the liver tissue. ... A sequela, (IPA ) (plural sequelæ) is a pathological condition resulting from a disease, injury, or other trauma. ...

Some people with permanent makeup have reported swelling or burning in the affected areas when they underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The probable cause is magnetic interference with metallic components (iron oxide) of some pigments used in the tattoo. For other uses, see Tattoo (disambiguation). ... Edema (BE: oedema, formerly known as dropsy) is swelling of any organ or tissue due to accumulation of excess fluid. ... Burning may refer to any of the following: Combustion The use of a CD burner The Burning Man festival Burning-in of Photographic paper Immolation An insult (slang term) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... “MRI” redirects here. ... This article is about metallic materials. ... Iron oxide pigment There are a number of iron oxides: Iron oxides Iron(II) oxide or ferrous oxide (FeO) The black-coloured powder in particular can cause explosions as it readily ignites. ...

This highlights the importance of careful consideration prior to having a cosmetic tattoo and ensuring the tattoo is performed by a suitably qualified professional.

Examples

The British politician Teresa Gorman has tattooed eyebrows, replacing those that never grew back after she plucked or shaved them in her youth.^[2] Teresa Gorman (born 30 September 1931) is a British politician, and was Conservative Member of Parliament for Billericay, in the county of Essex in England until 2001 when she stood down. ...

Gweneth Paltrow’s aunt talks about procedure that restored her smile:

Medical makeup hides Cancer side effects:

References

External links

• Alliance for Safe Practice - Permanent Cosmetics
• Society of Permanent Cosmetic Professionals
• Permanent Makeup About.com
• Article by Dr. Claus Jensen