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Encyclopedia > Persian Cossack Brigade
Persian Cossack Brigade in Tabriz in 1909
Persian Cossack Brigade in Tabriz in 1909

The Persian Cossack Brigade was an elite military unit in the armed forces of Persia (Iran) during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The military historian John Keegan describes the Brigade as being the ancestor of the modern Iranian Army. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... For other uses, see Cossack (disambiguation). ... For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... Sir John Keegan OBE (born 1934) is a British military historian, lecturer and journalist. ... // Introduction The Iranian Army is the national army of Iran and called the Artesh. ...

Contents

Origin

The Persian Cossack Brigade was formed by Nasir al-Din Shah in 1882 using as a model the Caucasian Cossack regiments of the Imperial Russian Army, which had impressed him when travelling through southern Russia in 1878. Together with a Swedish officered and trained gendarmerie the Cossack Brigade came to comprise the most effective military force available to the Iranian crown in the years prior to World War I. Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar, KG [1] (July 16, 1831 - May 1, 1896) (Persian: transliteration: ) was the King/Shah of Persia from September 17, 1848 until his death on May 1, 1896. ... A gendarmerie or gendarmery (pronounced ) is a military body charged with police duties among civilian populations. ...


History and makeup

In spite of its name the Brigade was never a genuine cossack force. Neither did it have the status of a guard unit. Late nineteenth century photographs show that Russian style uniforms were worn, in contrast to the indigenous dress of other Persian forces at the time. The rank and file of the Brigade were always Persian but until 1917 its commanders were Russian officers who were also employed in the Russian army, such as V. Liakhov. Such secondments were encouraged by the Imperial Russian Government who saw the Cossack Brigade as a means of extending Russian influence in a key area of international rivalry. After the October Revolution in 1917, many of these Russian officers left the country to join the "White" forces. The command of the Persian Cossack Division was subsequently transferred to Iranian officers. Most notable among these officers was General Reza Khan, who started his military career as a private soldier in the Cossack Brigade and rose through its ranks to become a Brigadier General. Polkovnik V. Liakhov, commander of Persian Cossack Brigade. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. ... Reza Shah, also Reza Shah the Great, Reza Shah Pahlavi and Reza Pahlavi (Persian: , Rez̤ā Pahlavī), (March 16, 1878 – July 26, 1944), was Shah of Iran[1] from December 15, 1925 until he was forced to abdicate after the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in September 16, 1941 by British... A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. ...


Over the years, the Cossack Brigade had expanded to became a separate division-sized force of 10,000. As such it played a significant role in the Constitutional Revolution, the turmoil of World War I, and the 1921 coup d'etat, which saw the overthrow of the Qajar dynasty. After the coup, the Brigade was merged with smaller military forces by Reza Shah to form Iran's new national army. The Iranian Constitutional Revolution (also Persian Constitutional Revolution and Constitutional Revolution of Iran) took place between 1905 and 1911. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... edit The Qajar dynasty ( ) (Persian: - or دودمان قاجار) was a ruling Persian dynasty[1] of Turkic descent[2], that ruled Iran (Persia) from 1781 to 1925. ... Reza Shah, also Reza Shah the Great, Reza Shah Pahlavi and Reza Pahlavi (Persian: , Rez̤ā PahlavÄ«), (March 16, 1878 – July 26, 1944), was Shah of Iran[1] from December 15, 1925 until he was forced to abdicate after the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in September 16, 1941 by British...


Commanders

Name Period
Flag of Russia Lieutenant-Colonel A. I. Domantovich April 1879 - ?
Flag of Russia Colonel V. A. Kossogovsky May 1895 - 1903
Flag of Russia Colonel Chernozoubov 1903 - 1906
Flag of Russia Colonel Vladimir Platonovich Liakhov 1906 - November 1909
Flag of Russia Colonel Prince Vadbolsky Nov 1909 - 1914
Flag of Russia Colonel Prozorkievitch 1914 - August 1915
Flag of Russia General Baron von Maydell August 1915 - February 1917
Flag of Russia Colonel Clergi February 1917 - early 1918
Flag of Russia Colonel Starosselsky early 1918 - October 1920
Brigadier-General Reza Khan October 1920 - September 1921

Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Polkovnik V. Liakhov, commander of Persian Cossack Brigade. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Reza Shah, also Reza Shah the Great, Reza Shah Pahlavi and Reza Pahlavi (Persian: , Rez̤ā Pahlavī), (March 16, 1878 – July 26, 1944), was Shah of Iran[1] from December 15, 1925 until he was forced to abdicate after the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in September 16, 1941 by British...

Notable Senior Officers

General Teymur Tadfel Molouk Ayrumlu was a prominent figure in the army of Persia (Iran) in early years of twentieth century. ... A close aide to Reza Khan, who himself eventually became a victim of the Pahlavi regime. ... Sar Lashgar Karim Agha Buzarjomehri (1886-?) was a leading military general and supporter of Reza Pahlavi. ... Like many other generals, the famed Major General Jahanbani fell out of favor by Reza Khan. ... Sepahbod Amir Ahmadi Sepahbod Ahmad Amir-Ahmadi was a military leader and cabinet Minister of Iran. ... Mohammad Hosein Airom was known for his brutal methods. ... General Fazlollah Zahedi Mohammad Fazlollah Zahedi (1897-1963) was an Iranian general, Prime Minister, and politician. ...

Reference

  • Keegan, John. World Armies. Macmillan Press, 1979. ISBN 0-333-17236-1
  • Atkin, Muriel Cossack Brigade Iranica
  • Cronin, Stephanie. The Army and the creation of the Pahlavi State in Iran, 1910-1926, Tauris Academic Studies, 1997. ISBN 1-86064-105-9

 

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