Persian nouns have no grammatical gender, and the case markers have been greatly reduced since Old Persian—both characteristics of contact languages. Persian nouns now mark with a postpositive only for the specific accusative case; the other oblique cases are marked by prepositions. Possession is expressed by special markers: if the possessor appears in the sentence after the thing possessed, the ezafe may be used; otherwise, alternatively, a pronomial genitive enclitic is employed. It has been suggested that Persian language#Arabic Alphabet be merged into this article or section. ... The coat of arms of the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic circa 1929. ... In linguistics, grammatical genders, also called noun classes, are classes of nouns reflected in the behavior of associated words; every noun must belong to one of the classes and there should be very few which belong to several classes at once. ... In linguistics, declension is a feature of inflected languages: generally, the alteration of a noun to indicate its grammatical role. ... See Aryan Language or Old Persian For more information visit: *[Ancient Iranian Languages & Literature The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies (CAIS) ... Language contact occurs when speakers of distinct speech varieties interact. ... A postposition is a type of adposition, a grammatical particle that expresses some sort of relationship between a noun phrase (its object) and another part of the sentence; an adpositional phrase functions as an adjective or adverb. ... The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a verb. ...

Ezafe

Ezafe is name for the short vowel e, with the same sign which signifies consonantal h or he (ه) in Persian. Ezafe is used as an enclicitc to denote possession: ketab-e man means "my book." When ezafe follows a noun ending in a vowel, it becomes a glide known as hey ye and represented by the character ﮥ, pronounced -ye; e.g. khane-ye man for "my house." Semivowels (also called semiconsonants or glides) are vowels that function phonemically as consonants. ...

Pluralization

The most common and productive form of pluralization for Persian nouns is with the suffix hā (ها). This is typically used for non-human nouns. Another productive plural suffix is ān (ان), used for human nouns. Many nouns borrowed from Arabic feminine forms pluralize using the āt (ات) suffix. Nouns borrowed from Arabic human forms often pluralize using the in (ین).

The most challenging type of nominal pluralization is for the so-called Arabic broken plurals. These nouns pluralize like their Arabic language counterparts: the internal vowels change in unpredictable ways. In linguistics, broken plurals is a grammatical phenomenon typical in many Semitic languages of the Middle East and Ethiopia in which a singular noun is broken to form a plural by having its root consonant embedded in a different frame, rather than by merely adding a prefix or suffix to...