The Personal Handy-phone System (PHS), also marketed as the Personal Access System (PAS) and known as Xiaolingtong (小灵通) in China, is a mobile network system operating in the 1880-1930 MHz frequency band, used mainly in Japan, China, Taiwan and some other asian countries. 0G refers to pre-cellular mobile telephony technology. ... Press To Transmit(PTT) is a method of conversing on half-duplex communication lines, including two-way radio, using a button to switch from voice transmission mode to voice reception mode. ... The Mobile Telephone System (MTS) was one of the earliest mobile telephone standards. ... The Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS) is a pre-cellular VHF/UHF radio system that links to the PSTN. IMTS was the radiotelephone equivalent of land dial phone service. ... The Advanced Mobile Telephone System was a 0G method of radio communication, mainly used in Japanese portable radio systems. ... Autotel (also called PALM, or Public Automated Land Mobile) is a radiotelephone service which was the missing link between earlier MTS/IMTS and later cellular telephone services. ... ARP (Autoradiopuhelin, Car Radio Phone in English) was the first commercially operated public mobile phone network in Finland. ... 1G (or 1-G) is short for first-generation wireless telephone technology, cellphones. ... For other meanings of the abbreviation, see: NMT. NMT (Nordisk MobilTelefoni or Nordiska MobilTelefoni-gruppen, Nordic Mobile Telephone in English) is a mobile phone system that was specified by the Nordic telecommunications administrations (PTTs) starting in 1970, and opened for service in 1981 as a response to the increasing congestion... Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) is the analog mobile phone system standard developed by Bell Labs, and officially introduced in the Americas in 1984. ... hicap is a mobile techonology which has a consumer interface with a wide variety of industry references. ... Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) uses unused bandwidth normally used by AMPS mobile phones between 800 and 900 MHz to transfer data. ... Cingular Interactive Truck at Ground Zero on 9/11/2001 Mobitex Network Design Mobitex is an OSI based open standard, national public access wireless data network first introduced in 1991 by carriers RAM Mobile Data and in Canada 1990 by Rogers Cantel. ... DataTac is a wireless data network technology originally developed by Motorola and deployed in the United States as the ARDIS network. ... 2G (or 2-G) is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology. ... This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ... Iden is also a village in East Sussex, England iDEN Base Radio at a Cell Site Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN) is a mobile communications technology, developed by Motorola, which provides its users the benefits of a trunked radio and a cellular telephone. ... IS-54 and IS-136 are second-generation (2G) mobile phone systems, known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) is a 2G mobile phone standard developed and used exclusively in Japan. ... Circuit Switched Data, often known as CSD, is the original form of data transmission developed for the GSM mobile phone system. ... 2. ... General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a mobile data service available to users of GSM mobile phones. ... High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD), is a development of Circuit Switched Data, the original data transmission mechanism of the GSM mobile phone system. ... Wideband Integrated Dispatch Enhanced Network, or WiDEN, is a software upgrade developed by Motorola for its iDEN enhanced specialised mobile radio (or ESMR) wireless telephony protocol. ... A 2G mobile phone is a circuit switched digital mobile phone. ... CDMA2000 is a family of third-generation (3G) mobile telecommunications standards that use CDMA, a multiple access scheme for digital radio, to send voice, data, and signalling data (such as a dialed telephone number) between mobile phones and cell sites. ... Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution, or EDGE, is a digital mobile phone technology which acts as a bolt-on enhancement to 2G and 2. ... 3G (or 3-G) is short for third-generation technology. ... W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a type of 3G cellular network. ... Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is one of the third-generation (3G) mobile phone technologies. ... FOMA, officially short for Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access, is the brand name for the 3G services being offered by Japanese mobile phone operator NTT DoCoMo. ... 1x Evolution-Data Optimized, abbreviated as EV-DO or 1xEV-DO and often EVDO, is a wireless radio broadband data standard adopted by many CDMA mobile phone service providers in Japan, Korea, the Czech Republic, Russia, Latvia, Romania, Portugal, Brazil, Israel, the United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Venezuela, Angola... TD-SCDMA (Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) is a 3G mobile telecommunications standard, being pursued in the Peoples Republic of China by the Chinese Academy of Telecommunications Technology (CATT), Datang and Siemens AG, in an attempt to develop home-grown technology and not be dependent on Western... The Generic Access Network (GAN), was formerly known as Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) until it was adopted by the 3GPP in April 2005. ... High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) is a new mobile telephony protocol and is sometimes referred to as a 3. ... HSUPA, High-Speed Uplink Packet Access, is a data access protocol for mobile phone networks with extremely high upload speeds up to 5. ... 4G (or 4-G) is short for fourth-generation the successor of 3G and is a wireless access technology. ... Cellular frequencies - the general term which unites radio frequencies utilized by cellular networks to provide service to their subscribers. ... Personal Communications Service or PCS is the name for the 1900-MHz radio band used for digital mobile phone services in Canada and the United States. ... Motorola T2288 mobile phone A mobile phone is a portable electronic device which behaves as a normal telephone whilst being able to move over a wide area (compare cordless phone which acts as a telephone only within a limited range). ... A megahertz (MHz) is one million (106) hertz, a measure of frequency. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ...

Outline

Technology

PHS is, essentially, a cordless telephone like DECT, with the capability to handover from one cell to another. PHS cells are small, with transmission power of base station a maximum of 500mW and range typically measures in tens or at most hundreds of meters, as opposed to the multi-kilometer ranges of GSM. This makes PHS suitable for dense urban areas, but impractical for rural areas, and the small cell size also makes it difficult if not impossible to make calls from rapidly moving vehicles. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... DECT or Digital Enhanced (former European) Cordless Telecommunications is an ETSI standard for digital portable phones, commonly used for domestic or corporate purposes. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... A cellular network is a radio network made up of a number of radio cells (or just cells) each served by a fixed transmitter, normally known as a cell site or base station. ... Two GSM mobile phone base stations disguised as trees in Dublin, Ireland. ... Not to be confused with Get Some Mates The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ...

PHS uses TDMA/TDD for its radio channel access method, and 32K ADPCM for its voice codec. Modern PHS phone can also support many value-added services such as high speed wireless data / Internet connection (32K/64Kbps and higher), WWW access, e-mailing, text messaging and even color image transfer. Time division multiple access (TDMA) is a technology for shared medium (usually radio) networks. ... Duplex is the having of two principal elements or parts. ... In communications, a channel access method is used to share a communications channel or physical communications medium between multiple users. ... Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a modulation technique. ... A Codec is a device or program capable of performing encoding and decoding on a digital data stream or signal. ... A value-added service (VAS) is a telecommunications industry term for non-core services or, in short, all services beyond standard voice calls. ... Data is the plural of datum. ... In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (sometimes written bitrate) is the frequency at which bits are passing a given (physical or metaphorical) point. It is quantified using the bit per second (bit/s) unit. ... WWWs historical logo designed by Robert Cailliau The World Wide Web (WWW or simply the Web) is a global, read-write information space. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

PHS technology is also a popular option for providing a wireless local loop, where it is used to bridge the "last mile" gap between the POTS network and the subscriber's home. Actually, it was developed under the concept that it makes up a wireless front-end of ISDN network. So a base station of PHS has a compatibility with, and is often connected directly to ISDN telephone exchange equipments(aka digital switch). Wireless local loop (WLL), also called radio in the loop (RITL) or fixed-radio access (FRA), is the use of wireless connection as the last mile for delivering plain old telephone service (POTS) to customers. ... The last mile is the final leg of delivering communications connectivity to a resident or customer. ... Plain old telephone service, or POTS, are the services available from analogue telephones prior to the introduction of electronic telephone exchanges into the public switched telephone network. ... In their most general meanings, the terms front end and back end refer to the initial and the end stages of a process flow. ... Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a type of circuit switched telephone network system, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in better quality and higher speeds than available with analog systems. ... A Verizon Central Office in Lakeland, Florida at night. ...

As for its low-price base station, micro-cellular system and 'Dynamic Cell Assign' system, PHS can afford more number-of-digits frequency use efficiency with lower cost (throughput per area basis [1]), compared with typical 3G cellular telephone systems. It makes possible the flat-rate wireless service such as AIR-EDGE all over Japan. Two GSM mobile phone base stations disguised as trees in Dublin, Ireland. ... Sine waves of various frequencies; the lower waves have higher frequencies than those above. ... In information technology, throughput is the rate at which a computer or network sends or receives data. ... IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications-2000) is the global standard for third generation (3G) wireless communications as defined by the International Telecommunication Union. ... Cellular redirects here. ...

The speed of AIR-EDGE data connection is accelarated by combining lines, each of which basically is 32Kbps. AIR-EDGE 1x or first version itroduced in 2001 provide only 32kbps service. In 2002, 128Kbps service (AIR-EDGE 4x) started. In 2005, 256Kbps (AIR-EDGE 8x) service started. Furthermore, in 2006, the speed of each line was also up-graded to 1.6 times. so the speed of AIR-EDGE 8x is up to 402Kbps with the latest instrument. And it may exceeds the speeds of popular W-CDMA 3G service like NTT DoCoMo's FOMA in Japan. W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a type of 3G cellular network. ... NTT DoCoMo, Inc. ... FOMA, officially short for Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access, is the brand name for the 3G services being offered by Japanese mobile phone operator NTT DoCoMo. ...

Implementation

Originally developed by NTT Laboratory in Japan in 1989 and far simpler to implement and deploy than competing systems like PDC or GSM, the commercial services has been started by 3 PHS operators (NTT-Personal, DDI-Pocket and ASTEL) in Japan in 1995. However, the service has been pejoratively dubbed as the "poor man's cellular", due to its limited range and roaming abilities. Market share in Japan has been declining and NTT DoCoMo, which has absorbed NTT Personal, is planning and ASTEL is going to terminate the PHS service. Other countries like Chile, have already terminated offering PHS services and migrated to GSM. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (日本電信電話 Nippon Denshin Denwa) is a telephone company that dominates the telecommunication market in Japan. ... Not to be confused with Get Some Mates The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ...

But PHS has seen a resurgence in markets like China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Mali, Tanzania and Honduras where its low deployment costs (estimated to be as low as 20% of a GSM network) make it attractive to operators. Wireless local loop (WLL) systems based on PHS technology are in use in some of the above-mentioned countries. In late years, WILLCOM, former DDI-Pocket , is introducing flat-rate wireless network and flat-rate calling in Japan, which has reversed the local fate of PHS up to an extent. In China, there was seen an explosive expansion of subscribers until around 2005, but it has been calming down in 2006. Wireless local loop (WLL), also called radio in the loop (RITL) or fixed-radio access (FRA), is the use of wireless connection as the last mile for delivering plain old telephone service (POTS) to customers. ... WILLCOM (ウィルコム) is a Japanese PHS operator, which offers flat-rate wireless network and flat-rate mobile calling for it subscribers. ... Wireless networks are telephone or computer networks that use radio as their carrier or physical layer. ...

China Telecom operates a PAS system in China, even though technically it is not allowed to provide mobile services. China Netcom, one of China's two licensed mobile network operators, also provides Xiaolingtong service. The system has been a runaway hit, with over 80 million subscribers signed up as of 2005. The largest vendors of the system are UTStarcom and ZTE. China Telecom (HKSE: 728) is the largest fixed service telecommunications provider in China, which includes data, Internet and, unusually, the PAS wireless system which is classfied as fixed line. ... China Netcom, full name China Netcom Corporation Limited (CNC), was originally formed in August 1999 to build high speed Internet communications in China. ... A mobile network operator (also mobile phone operator, cellular operator or wireless carrier) is a telephone company that provides phone services for mobile phone subscribers. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... UTStarcom is a Fortune 1000 company specialising in IP-based networking products. ... ZTE Corporation (Zhong Xing Telecommunication Equipments Company Limited) is one of the largest telecommunications (GSM, 3G, WCDMA, CDMA, SDH, ADSL, PSTN) manufacturers and wireless solutions providers in the Peoples Republic of China. ...

A PHS global roaming service is available between Japan (WILLCOM), Taiwan and Thailand.

International development

• PHS's subscribers and major operators
  • Japan : 4,769,900 (June, 2006) [2]

    Willcom, NTT DoCoMo

  • China : 79,800,000 (June, 2005) [3]

    China Telecom, China Netcom

  • Taiwan : about 1,000,000 (Sep., 2005) FITEL

    FITEL

  • Other major countries: Thailand (Asia Wireless Communication), Vietnam

WILLCOM (ウィルコム) is a Japanese PHS operator, which offers flat-rate wireless network and flat-rate mobile calling for it subscribers. ... NTT DoCoMo, Inc. ... China Telecom (HKSE: 728) is the largest fixed service telecommunications provider in China, which includes data, Internet and, unusually, the PAS wireless system which is classfied as fixed line. ... China Netcom, full name China Netcom Corporation Limited (CNC), was originally formed in August 1999 to build high speed Internet communications in China. ... First International Telecom (大眾電信, FITEL) is mobile phone operator in Taiwan. ...

See also

• Xiaolingtong — a PHS brand in China
• PHS in Taiwan

Xiaolingtong (小灵通) (also known as PAS - Personal Access System) is the wireless extension for the wired telephone system in China, also known as wireless local loop. ...

External links

• PHS MoU Group
• Article on Xiaolingtong