Peroxymonosulfuric acid
General
Systematic name	Peroxysulfuric acid
Other names	persulfuric acid;
Molecular formula	H2SO5
Molar mass	114.04 g/mol
Appearance	white solid
CAS number	[555-31-7]
Properties
Density and phase	??? g/cm3, solid
Solubility in water	soluble
in methanol	soluble
Melting point	45 °C
Boiling point	decomposes
Structure
Coordination geometry	tetrahedral
Crystal structure	??
Dipole moment	? D
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
Main hazards	strong oxidizer
NFPA 704
Flash point	n/a
R/S statement	??
RTECS number	??
Supplementary data page
Structure & properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Peroxymonosulfuric acid, also known as persulfuric acid and as Caro's acid, is H₂SO₅, a colorless solid melting at 45 °C. In this molecule, the S(VI) center adopts its characteristic tetrahedral geometry; the connectiivity is indicated by the formula HO-O-S(O)₂-OH. IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a chemical element or chemical compound. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ... In the physical sciences, a phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solution. ... Water has the chemical formula H2O, meaning that one molecule of water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. ... Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH3OH. It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colourless, flammable, poisonous liquid with a very faint odor. ... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change its state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid. ... The coordination geometry of an atom is the geometrical pattern formed by its neighbors in a molecule or a crystal. ... Rose des Sables (Sand Rose), formed of gypsum crystals In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. ... The Earths magnetic field, which is approximately a dipole. ... The debye (symbol: D) is a non-SI and non-CGS unit of electrical dipole moment. ... A material safety data sheet or MSDS is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance. ... Worker safety and health is the prevention and reduction of the number of occupational safety and health hazards at the places of employment, providing safe and healthful working conditions. ... NFPA 704 is a standard maintained by the U.S. National Fire Protection Association. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The flash point of a fuel is the lowest temperature at which it can form an ignitable mix with air. ... Risk and Safety Statements, also known as R/S statements, R/S numbers, R/S phrases, and R/S sentences, is a system of hazard codes and phrases for labeling dangerous chemicals and compounds. ... RTECS, also known as Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, is a database of toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature that is available for charge. ... The refractive index of a material is the factor by which the phase velocity of electromagnetic radiation is slowed relative to vacuum. ... The dielectric constant εr (represented as or K in some cases) is defined as the ratio: where εs is the static permittivity of the material in question, and ε0 is the vacuum permittivity. ... Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy or Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry (UV/ VIS) involves the spectroscopy of photons (spectrophotometry). ... IR spectrum of a thin film of liquid ethanol. ... Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy most commonly known as NMR Spectroscopy is the name given to the technique which exploits the magnetic properties of nuclei. ... Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique to measure the mass-to-charge ratio (m/q) of ions. ... In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals) and 25 degrees Celsius (298. ... It has been suggested that strong acid be merged into this article or section. ...

H₂SO₅ is sometimes confused with H₂S₂O₈, known as peroxydisulfuric acid. The disulfuric acid, which appears to be more widely used as its alkali metal salts, has the structure HO-S(O)₂-O-O-S(O)₂-OH.

History

H₂SO₅ was first described in 1898 by Nikodem Caro, for whom it is named ([1]).

Synthesis and production

The laboratory scale preparation of Caro's acid involve the combination of chlorosulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a clear liquid, slightly more viscous than water, that has strong oxidizing properties and is therefore a powerful bleaching agent that has found use as a disinfectant, as an oxidizer, and in rocketry (particularly in high concentrations as high-test peroxide (HTP) as a monopropellant), and...

H₂O₂ + ClSO₂OH ⇌ H₂SO₅ + HCl

Large scale production of Caro's acid is usually done on site, due to its instability. According to the patent by Martin, Caro's acid is produced by reacting >85% sulfuric acid and >50% hydrogen peroxide. Sulfuric acid (British English: sulphuric acid), H2SO4, is a strong mineral acid. ...

H₂O₂ + H₂SO₄ ⇌ H₂SO₅ + H₂O

Potassium peroxymonosulfate

The derivative of peroxysufluric acid, KHSO₅ is widely used as an oxidizing agent. The potassium salt is marketed by Dupont under the tradename Oxone^®, a tradename which is now part of standard chemistry vocabulary. It is a component of a triple salt with the formula 2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄. The standard electrode potential for this compound is -1.44 V with a half reaction generating the hydrogen sulfate. This article is about the DuPont company. ... It has been suggested that Electrode potential be merged into this article or section. ... A half reaction is either the oxidation or reduction reaction component of a redox reaction. ...

HSO₄^- + H₂O → HSO₅^- + 2 H⁺ + 2 e^-

Illustrative of the oxidation power of this salt is the conversion of an acridine to the corresponding acridine-N-oxide.¹ Organic reductions or organic oxidations or organic redox reactions are redox reactions that take place with organic compounds. ... Acridine, C13H9N, is an organic compound and a nitrogen heterocycle. ...

and the oxidation of a thioether to a sulfone ² (with 2 equivalents). With one equivalent the reaction converting sulfide to sulfoxide is much faster than that of sulfoxide to sulfone, so the reaction can conveniently be stopped at that stage if so desired. Image File history File links Acridine_oxone_oxidation. ... The term sulfide (sulphide in British) refers to several types of chemical compounds containing sulfur in its lowest oxidation number of -2. ... A sulfone is a chemical compound containing a sulfonyl functional group attached to two carbon atoms. ...

Image File history File links Sulfide_oxone_oxidation. ...

Uses in industry

H₂SO₅ has been used for a variety of disinfectant and cleaning applications, e.g., swimming pool treatment and denture cleaning. Alkali metal salts of H₂SO₅ show promise for the delignification of wood. Lignin is a chemical compound that is an integral part of the cell walls of some cells, e. ...

Ammonium, sodium, and potassium salts of H₂SO₅ are used in the plastics industry as polymerization initiators, etchants, desizing agents, soil conditioner, and for decolorizing and deodorizing oils. Fumes from hydrochloric acid and ammonia forming a white cloud of ammonium chloride Ammonium is also an old name for the Siwa oasis in western Egypt. ... General Name, Symbol, Number sodium, Na, 11 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 3, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 22. ... General Name, Symbol, Number potassium, K, 19 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 4, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 39. ... Plastic is a term that covers a range of synthetic or semisynthetic polymerization products. ... Polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form linear chains or a three-dimensional network of polymer chains [1]. There are many forms of polymerization and different systems exist to categorize them. ... soil conditioner includes peat, shredded bark, and vermiculite. ...

References

• Martin, P. L. (USA). U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2005), 21 pp. CODEN: USXXCO US 2005031530 A1 20050210 Patent written in English. Application: US 2004-878176 20040628. Priority: US 2003-494009 20030807. CAN 142:179838 AN 2005:122569 CAPLUS
• "Treatment of Softwood Kraft Pulps with Peroxymonosulfate Before Oxygen Delignification. Springer, E. L.; McSweeny, J. D. Tappi Journal (1993), 76, 194-9.
• ¹ Thomas W. Bell, Young-Moon Cho, Albert Firestone, Karin Healy, Jia Liu, Richard Ludwig, and Scott D. Rothenberger Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 8, p.87; Vol. 69, p.226 Article
• ² James R. McCarthy, Donald P. Matthews, and John P. Paolini Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 9, p.446; Vol. 72, p.209 Article

Organic Syntheses is a scientific journal that Since 1921 has provided the chemistry community with annual collections of detailed and checked procedures for the organic synthesis of organic compounds. ... Organic Syntheses is a scientific journal that Since 1921 has provided the chemistry community with annual collections of detailed and checked procedures for the organic synthesis of organic compounds. ...

External links

• DuPont company Oxone website [2]