NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Pervez Musharraf

Pervez Musharraf (Urdu: پرويز مشرف) (born 11 August 1943, Delhi) is the current President of Pakistan, Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army. He came to power in 1999 by effecting a military coup d'état and has suspended the constitution of Pakistan twice; since then, he has been actively supported (through military and monetary aid) by western countries including the United States. He took power on October 12, 1999, ousting Nawaz Sharif, the elected Prime Minister, dismissed the national and provincial legislative assemblies, declared martial law, assumed the title of Chief Executive and became Pakistan's de facto head of government, thereby becoming the fourth Army chief of Pakistan to have assumed executive control. Later in 2001, Musharraf appointed himself to the office of President of Pakistan. Image File history File links Pervez_Musharraf. ... The President of Pakistan (UrdÅ«: ØµØ¯Ø± Ù…Ù…Ù„Ú©Øª Sadr-e-Mamlikat) is Head of State of Pakistan. ... Open seat redirects here. ... is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Zafarullah Khan Jamali Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali (Urdu: Ù…ÛŒØ± Ø¸ÙØ±Ø§Ù„Ù„Û Ø®Ø§Ù† Ø¬Ù…Ø§Ù„ÛŒ) (born January 1, 1944) is a former Prime Minister of Pakistan. ... Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain (Urdu: Ú†ÙˆØ¯Ú¾Ø±ÛŒ Ø´Ø¬Ø§Ø¹Øª ØØ³ÛŒÙ†) (born 1946) is a politician from Pakistan who was the Prime Minister of that country from June 30, 2004 until August 28, 2004. ... Shaukat Aziz (Urdu:: Ø´ÙˆÚ©Øª Ø¹Ø²ÛŒØ²) (born March 6, 1949 in Karachi, Pakistan) was Prime Minister of Pakistan from 2004 to 2007. ... Muhammad Rafiq Tarar (b. ... The Prime Minister of Pakistan (Urdu: ÙˆØ²ÛŒØ± Ø§Ø¹Ø¸Ù… Wazir-e- Azam) is the Head of Government of Pakistan. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Muhammad Rafiq Tarar (b. ... Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu: Ù…ÛŒØ§Úº Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ù†ÙˆØ§Ø² Ø´Ø±ÛŒÙ ) (born December 25, 1949 in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan) is a Pakistani politician. ... Zafarullah Khan Jamali Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali (Urdu: Ù…ÛŒØ± Ø¸ÙØ±Ø§Ù„Ù„Û Ø®Ø§Ù† Ø¬Ù…Ø§Ù„ÛŒ) (born January 1, 1944) is a former Prime Minister of Pakistan. ... is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Delhi (disambiguation). ... Anthem God Save The King The British Indian Empire, 1909 Capital Calcutta (until 1912), New Delhi (after 1912) Language(s) Hindustani, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India - 1858-1901 VictoriaÂ¹ - 1901-1910 Edward VII - 1910-1936 George V - 1936 Edward VIII - 1936-1947 George VI ViceroyÂ² - 1858... PML-Q flag The Pakistan Muslim League (Quaid-e-Azam), or PML-Q (Urdu: Ù¾Ø§Ú©Ø³ØªØ§Ù† Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù… Ù„ÛŒÚ¯ Ù‚) is a centrist political party in Pakistan, which was formed by Pervez Musharraf. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Delhi (disambiguation). ... 2007 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The President of Pakistan (UrdÅ«: ØµØ¯Ø± Ù…Ù…Ù„Ú©Øª Sadr-e-Mamlikat) is Head of State of Pakistan. ... The Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army (COAS) is the highest post in the Pakistan Army. ... The Pakistan Army (Urdu: Ù¾Ø§Ú© ÙÙˆØ¬) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations. ... In October 1999, General Pervez Musharraf, Chief of Army Staff of Pakistan army launched a coup to topple Nawaz Sharif, then Prime Minister of Pakistan. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu: Ù…ÛŒØ§Úº Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ù†ÙˆØ§Ø² Ø´Ø±ÛŒÙ ) (born December 25, 1949 in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan) is a Pakistani politician. ... The Prime Minister of Pakistan (Urdu: ÙˆØ²ÛŒØ± Ø§Ø¹Ø¸Ù… Wazir-e- Azam) is the Head of Government of Pakistan. ... For other uses, see Martial law (disambiguation). ... The Prime Minister of Pakistan (Urdu: ÙˆØ²ÛŒØ± Ø§Ø¹Ø¸Ù… Wazir-e- Azam) is the Head of Government of Pakistan. ... The President of Pakistan (UrdÅ«: ØµØ¯Ø± Ù…Ù…Ù„Ú©Øª Sadr-e-Mamlikat) is Head of State of Pakistan. ...

On November 3, 2007, only days before a bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan was to decide on a petition challenging the constitutional validity of his re-election as president in the controversial October 2007 elections, he, as Chief of Army Staff, suspended the constitution, jailed several justices and lawyers of the supreme court including Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, ordered the arrest of political dissidents and human rights activists, and shut down all private television channels.^[1] He declared an emergency; however, he had, in effect, imposed martial law in Pakistan. is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The Supreme Court (Urdu: Ø¹Ø¯Ø§Ù„Øª Ø¹Ø¸Ù…ÛŒÙ° ) is the apex court in Pakistans judicial hierarchy, the final arbiter of legal and constitutional disputes. ... Indirect presidential elections were held in Pakistan on 6 October 2007. ... The Chief Justice of Pakistan heads the Supreme Court of Pakistan. ... Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry (Urdu: ) (born 12 December 1948), is the de jure Chief Justice of Pakistan. ... Pervez Musharraf has led Pakistan since 1999. ... For other uses, see Martial law (disambiguation). ...

Early life

Pervez Musharraf was born in Nahr wali Haveli, situated in Kacha Saad Ullah Mohallah, Daryaganj in Delhi, British India.^[2] He is from a family of bureaucrats. After Musharraf's grandfather, Qazi Mohtashimuddin, retired as the commissioner of undivided Punjab he bought Neharwali Haveli in the old walled city of Delhi where Musharraf was born. The haveli, with its high roofs and arches, is believed to have been the home of a "Wazir" (Minister) in the court of Bahadur Shah Zafar — the last Mughal emperor of the 18th century.^[3] After partition, Musharraf's family migrated to Pakistan where his father, Syed Musharraf Uddin — a graduate of Aligarh University — joined the Pakistan foreign service and later retired as Secretary of foreign affairs. Musharraf's mother, Zarin, received her master's degree from the University of Lucknow in 1944. She recently retired from the UNO agency in ISB. View of a typical Haveli at Jaisalmer, Rajasthan Haveli (à¤¹à¤µà¥‡à¤²à¥€)is the term used for a private residence in Pakistan and North India. ... Mohalla is a term to describe a neighbourhood or locality in the cities and towns of South Asia. ... Daryaganj (lit. ... For other uses, see Delhi (disambiguation). ... Anthem God Save The King The British Indian Empire, 1909 Capital Calcutta (until 1912), New Delhi (after 1912) Language(s) Hindustani, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India - 1858-1901 VictoriaÂ¹ - 1901-1910 Edward VII - 1910-1936 George V - 1936 Edward VIII - 1936-1947 George VI ViceroyÂ² - 1858... A bureaucrat is a member of a bureaucracy, usually within an institution of the government. ... Commissioner is a designation that may be used for a variety of official positions, especially referring to a high-ranking public (administrative or police) official, or an analogous official in the private sector (e. ... Punjab was a province of British India. ... ik ben jaaapie A Vizier (Persian,ÙˆØ²ÙŠØ± - wazÄ«r) (sometimes also spelled Vazir, Vizir, Vasir, Wazir, Vesir, or Vezir - grammatical vowel changes are common in many oriental languages), literally burden-bearer or helper, is a term, originally Persian, for a high-ranking political (and sometimes religious) advisor or minister, often to... Bahadur Shah II (1775-1862) aka Bahadur Shah Zafar (Zafar was his nom de plume, or takhallus, as an Urdu poet) was the last of the Mughal emperors in India. ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ... Victoria gate, a prominent building at the university Aligarh Muslim University is located in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, Northern India. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The University of Lucknow is an university in the city of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. ...

He revealed in his memoirs that he was critically injured after falling from a mango tree as a teenager, and he considers this his first direct experience with death.^[4] A memoir, as a literary genre, forms a sub-class of autobiography. ... Species About 35 species, including: Mangifera altissima Mangifera applanata Mangifera caesia Mangifera camptosperma Mangifera casturi Mangifera decandra Mangifera foetida Mangifera gedebe Mangifera griffithii Mangifera indica Mangifera kemanga Mangifera laurina Mangifera longipes Mangifera macrocarpa Mangifera mekongensis Mangifera odorata Mangifera pajang Mangifera pentandra Mangifera persiciformis Mangifera quadrifida Mangifera siamensis Mangifera similis Mangifera...

Musharraf attended Saint Patrick's School, Karachi, graduating in 1958, later attending Forman Christian College in Lahore. He also participated in a certificate course for media management from Delhi university.^[4] For other uses, see Saint Patricks High School (disambiguation). ... (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ... Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) is a private university in Lahore, Pakistan. ... (Urdu: Ù„Ø§ÛÙˆØ±, Punjabi: Ù„ÛÙˆØ±, pronounced ) is the capital of the province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. ...

Musharraf is married to Sehba, who is from Okara. They have a son, Bilal, who is a graduate student at Stanford University, and a daughter, Ayla Raza, who works as an architect in Karachi. Musharraf and his wife have four grandchildren, two from each child.^{[citation needed]} Okara Urdu:( Ø§ÙˆÚ©Ø§Ú‘Û) is a city located in the Okara District, Punjab, Pakistan. ... Bilal Musharraf is the son of Sehba and Pervez Musharraf, who are the First Lady and President of Pakistan, respectively. ... Stanford redirects here. ...

Military career

In 1961, he entered the Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul, graduating 11th in his class. He was commissioned in 1964 in the Artillery Regiment. Later he joined the Special Services Group and was posted to Field Artillery Regiments. A graduate of the Staff College, Quetta, and the National Defence College, Rawalpindi, Musharraf is also a graduate of the Royal College of Defence Studies of the United Kingdom. Musharraf revealed in his memoirs that in 1965 he was charged with taking unauthorized leave and was about to be court-martialed for it, but was excused due to the war with India.^[4] is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Pakistan Army (Urdu: Ù¾Ø§Ú© ÙÙˆØ¬) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations. ... The Pakistan Army Number (PA) denotes the identity and seniority of Commissioned Officers of the Pakistan Army. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Manga Dam in Pakistan is the twelfth largest dam in the world. ... The Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army (COAS) is the highest post in the Pakistan Army. ... Combatants India Pakistan Commanders Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri Harbakhsh Singh Ayub Khan Musa Khan Casualties 3,264 killed[1] 8,623 wounded[1] (From July to ceasefire) 3,800 killed[2] (September 6 - 22) 4,000 - 8,000 killed/ captured[3][4][5] (July to September 6) The Indo-Pakistani War... Combatants India Mukti Bahini Pakistan Commanders Sam Manekshaw J.S. Aurora A. A. K. Niazi # Strength 500,000+ troops 400,000+ troops Casualties 3,843 killed[1] 9,851 wounded[1] c. ... Combatants India Pakistan Casualties 1344 [2] : Main article: Siachen Glacier Main article: Siachen Glacier The Siachen Conflict, sometimes referred to as The Siachen War is the name for the military conflict between the armies of India and Pakistan over the disputed Siachen Glacier region in Kashmir. ... Combatants India Pakistan, Kashmiri secessionists, Islamic militants (Foreign Fighters) Strength 30,000 5,000 Casualties Indian Official Figures: 527 killed,[1][2][3] 1,363 wounded[4] 1 POW Pakistani Estimates: 357-4000 killed[5][6] (Pakistan troops) 665+ soldiers wounded[5] 8 POWs. ... Hilal-i-Imtiaz or Hilal-e-Imtiaz is the eight highest honor given to a civillian in Pakistan. ... Nishan-i-Imtiaz or Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Urdu: Ù†Ø´Ø§Ù† Ø§Ù…ØªÛŒØ§Ø²) is the highest honor given to a civilian in Pakistan. ... Pakistan Military Academy Logo Pakistan Military Academy (PMA) is a Military Academy of the Pakistan Army. ... Kakul or Kakul Valley is a town 5 km north of Abbottabad city near Thandiani Hills. ... British regiment A regiment is a military unit, consisting of a variable number of battalions - commanded by a colonel. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... (Urdu: Ú©ÙˆØ¦Ù¹Û) also spelled Kwatah city is a variation of kwatkot, a Pashto word meaning â€œfort,â€. It is the largest city and provincial capital and district of Baluchistan Province, Pakistan. ... National Defence University Building National Defence University (NDU) is a Pakistani military institution whose origin goes back to the year 1963, when the 1st Army War Course started at the Command and Staff College, Quetta. ... (Urdu: Ø±Ø§ÙˆÙ„Ù¾Ù†ÚˆÛŒ) is a city in the Potwar Plateau near Pakistans capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. ... The Royal College of Defence Studies (RCDS) is an internationally-renowned institution and component of the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom. ... For other uses of Desertion, see Abandonment. ... A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a military court that determines punishments for members of the military subject to military law. ...

Indo-Pakistani Wars

Musharraf participated in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 as the 2nd Lieutenant in the 16 (SP) Field Artillery Regiment. His regiment saw action as part of the First Armoured Division’s offensive in the Khemkaran sector, where a major offensive was planned against the Indian Army.^[4] Despite possessing a quantitative advantage and significant superiority in armor,^[5] the 1st armoured division (labelled "pride of the Pakistan Army") suffered a "crushing defeat" at Khemkaran, which became known as "Patton Nagar" or graveyard of Pakistani tanks.^[6] By all accounts the vital advance failed at the Battle of Asal Uttar, as Pakistan lost a golden opportunity to make major strategic gains, and was a turning point in the war.^[7]^[6] His regiment was later moved to the Lahore front^{[citation needed]} which was threatened by the Indian Army. Later on it was sent to take part in the major battles around Chawinda.^{[citation needed]} During the war Musharraf was noted for sticking to his post under shellfire.^[8] Combatants India Pakistan Commanders Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri Harbakhsh Singh Ayub Khan Musa Khan Casualties 3,264 killed[1] 8,623 wounded[1] (From July to ceasefire) 3,800 killed[2] (September 6 - 22) 4,000 - 8,000 killed/ captured[3][4][5] (July to September 6) The Indo-Pakistani War... Lieutenant is a military, naval, paramilitary, fire service or police officer rank. ... Destroyed Pakistani tanks arranged at Patton Nagar Khemkaran is a section/Village under District Tarn Taran (earlier district Amritsar) of Punjab India bordering Pakistan(with nearest village being Kasur). ... Combatants Pakistan India Commanders AH Khan Gurbaksh Singh Strength 50,000 maximum, 20,000 at the end 50,000 Casualties 50 tanks 30 tanks Pakistans tanks on display at Patton Nagar in Khemkaran. ...

Later, in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 he served as a Company Commander in the SSG Commando Battalion. Originally scheduled to be flown to East Pakistan along with other SSG troops, he was redeployed in Punjab as war broke out and all flights over India were cancelled. He later admitted that he "broke down and wept"^[4] when he heard the "disgusting" news of Pakistan's unconditional surrender to India.^[9] Later he commanded Regiments of Artillery, thereafter an Artillery Brigade and then went on to command an Infantry Division. In September 1987, he was instrumental in giving orders to a newly formed SSG at Khapalu base (Kashmir), which launched an assault and successfully captured two intermediate posts, Bilafond La in Siachen Glacier, before being pushed back.^[10] Combatants India Mukti Bahini Pakistan Commanders Sam Manekshaw J.S. Aurora A. A. K. Niazi # Strength 500,000+ troops 400,000+ troops Casualties 3,843 killed[1] 9,851 wounded[1] c. ... Standard NATO code for a friendly infantry company. ... Commander is a military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service. ... Special Services Group Logo outside their headquarters. ... Symbol of the Austrian 14th Armoured Battalion in NATO military graphic symbols This article is about the military unit. ... East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ... Artillery Brigade (Finnish Tykistöprikaati) is a Finnish Army unit situated in Niinisalo in Western Finland. ... Symbol of the Polish 1st Legions Infantry Division in NATO code A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to twenty thousand soldiers. ... Bilafond La (meaning Pass of the Butterflies), also known as the Saltoro Pass, is a mountain pass situated on Saltoro Ridge, which sits immediately west of the vast Siachen Glacier. ... The Siachen Glacier is located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalaya Mountains along the disputed India-Pakistan border at approximately . ...

On promotion to the rank of Major General on January 15, 1991, he was assigned the command of an Infantry Division. Later, on promotion to Lieutenant General on October 21, 1995 he took over command of 1 Corps, the elite strike Corps. In 1998, following the resignation of General Jehangir Karamat, he was personally promoted over other senior officers by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, as an obedient officer and took over as the Army Chief of Staff. is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu: Ù…ÛŒØ§Úº Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ù†ÙˆØ§Ø² Ø´Ø±ÛŒÙ ) (born December 25, 1949 in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan) is a Pakistani politician. ...

Role in Kargil Conflict

From May to July 1999, Pakistan and India were involved in the Kargil Conflict, an armed conflict between the two countries in the Kargil district of Kashmir. It was planned and executed during General Musharraf's term as the Pakistani Army Chief of Staff under Prime Minister Sharif. The conflict sparked tensions between civic and military branches of government and, ultimately triggered Sharif's decision to dismiss Musharraf.^{[citation needed]} Combatants India Pakistan, Kashmiri secessionists, Islamic militants (Foreign Fighters) Strength 30,000 5,000 Casualties Indian Official Figures: 527 killed,[1][2][3] 1,363 wounded[4] 1 POW Pakistani Estimates: 357-4000 killed[5][6] (Pakistan troops) 665+ soldiers wounded[5] 8 POWs. ... The Kargil War was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan in late 1999 in Indian-controlled Kashmir. ... Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ...

Sharif has claimed that Musharraf was solely responsible for the Kargil attacks.^[11] On the other hand, Musharraf claims that the decision was made by Sharif, who was under United States pressure. Ex-CENTCOM Commander Anthony Zinni, and Sharif, have stated that Musharraf requested that the Prime Minister withdraw Pakistani troops from Kashmir.^[12] Emblem of the United States Central Command. ... Anthony Charles Zinni (born September 17, 1943) is a retired general in the United States Marine Corps and a former Commander in Chief of U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM). ...

Musharraf's role in planning the Kargil attacks was criticized by one British journalist for showing "a shocking lack of strategy."^[13]

Casualties on both sides had been particularly heavy in Kargil.^[14] Musharraf had good relations with Jehangir Karamat from whom he took over the command. Soon after the coup, one of the first to be appointed as minister was journalist Maleeha Lodhi who was close to Jehangir Karamat. Also recruited was Shaukat Aziz (now the country's Prime Minister) who volunteered to improve the economy. Western banks rescheduled Pakistani loans, which had been subjected to economic sanctions since Pakistan conducted atomic testing. General(R)Jehangir Karamat as Ambassador of Pakistan to USA General Jehangir Karamat is currently the Ambassador of Pakistan to the United States of America. ... Maleeha Lodhi is the ambassador of Pakistan to the United Kingdom. ... Economic sanctions are economic penalties applied by one country (or group of countries) on another for a variety of reasons. ... A nuclear test explosion is an experiment involving the detonation of a nuclear weapon. ...

Presidency

The President of Pakistan (UrdÅ«: ØµØ¯Ø± Ù…Ù…Ù„Ú©Øª Sadr-e-Mamlikat) is Head of State of Pakistan. ... The Prime Minister of Pakistan (Urdu: ÙˆØ²ÛŒØ± Ø§Ø¹Ø¸Ù… Wazir-e- Azam) is the Head of Government of Pakistan. ... Muhammad Mian Soomro (Urdu: Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ù…ÛŒØ§Úº Ø³ÙˆÙ…Ø±Ùˆ) took over as caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan on November 15, 2007. ... Bold text Majlis-e-Shoora (Urdu: Ù…Ø¬Ù„Ø³ Ø´ÙˆØ±ÛŒ) (Council of Advisors in Urdu, although referred to as Parliament) is the bicameral federal legislature of Pakistan that consists of the Senate (upper house) and the National Assembly (lower house). ... The Senate of Pakistan is the upper House of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan. ... The current Chairman of the Senate is Muhammad Mian Soomro An Introduction Senate History & Introduction The 1970 Assembly framed the 1973 Constitution which was passed on 12th April and promulgated on 14th August 1973. ... The National Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan. ... These are the names of Speakers and Presidents of the National Assembly of Pakistan. ... These are the names of deputy speakers of the National Assembly of Pakistan. ... The Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan is a body of judges empowered under Article 209 of the constitution of Pakistan to hear cases of misconduct against judges. ... The Supreme Court (Urdu: Ø¹Ø¯Ø§Ù„Øª Ø¹Ø¸Ù…ÛŒÙ° ) is the apex court in Pakistans judicial hierarchy, the final arbiter of legal and constitutional disputes. ... The Chief Justice of Pakistan heads the Supreme Court of Pakistan. ... The Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan consists of 8 muslim judges including the Chief Justice. ... The Chief Justice heads the Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan. ... There are four High Courts of Pakistan, these are based in the capital cities of the four provinces. ... The District Courts of Pakistan are courts that operate at the district level, they are controlled by the high courts. ... At the national level, Pakistan elects a bicameral legislature, the Parliament of Pakistan, which consists of a directly-elected National Assembly of Pakistan and a Senate whose members are chosen by elected provincial legislators. ... General elections will be held in Pakistan in early January 2008. ... Indirect presidential elections were held in Pakistan on 6 October 2007. ... Political parties in Pakistan lists political parties in Pakistan. ... PML-Q flag The Pakistan Muslim League (Quaid-e-Azam), or PML-Q (Urdu: Ù¾Ø§Ú©Ø³ØªØ§Ù† Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù… Ù„ÛŒÚ¯ Ù‚) is a centrist political party in Pakistan, which was formed by Pervez Musharraf. ... The Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) (Urdu: Ù¾Ø§Ú©Ø³ØªØ§Ù† Ù¾ÛŒÙ¾Ù„Ø² Ù¾Ø§Ø±Ù¹ÛŒ ) is a mainstream centre-left political party in Pakistan. ... Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) (Urdu: Ù…ØªØØ¯Û Ù…Ø¬Ù„Ø³ Ø¹Ù…Ù„ ) (United Council of Action) is a coalition between religious-political parties in Pakistan. ... MQMs Political Flag Muttahida Qaumi Movement (Urdu: Ù…ØªØØ¯Û Ù‚ÙˆÙ…ÛŒ Ù…ÙˆÙˆÙ…Ù†Ù¹) generally known as MQM or simply Muttahida, is one of the largest political parties in Pakistan. ... The Pakistan Muslim League (N) (Urdu: Ù¾Ø§Ú©Ø³ØªØ§Ù† Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù… Ù„ÛŒÚ¯ Ù†) is a political party in Pakistan. ... The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (Urdu: Ù¾Ø§Ú©Ø³ØªØ§Ù† ØªØØ±ÙŠÚ© Ø§Ù†ØµØ§Ù) (Pakistan Movement for Justice) is a political party in Pakistan. ... Political parties in Pakistan lists political parties in Pakistan. ... Currently, Pakistan is subdivided into four provinces, two territories, and also portions of Kashmir that are administered by the Pakistani government. ... The Provincial Governors is the head of the province in Pakistan. ... Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan. ... The Government of North West Frontier Province (NWFP) is in Peshawar, the provincial capital of the North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. ... ... Government of Sindh is based in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. ... For the capital of Pakistan, see Islamabad. ... The Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) are areas of Pakistan outside the four provinces, comprising a region of some 27,220 kmÂ² (10,507 miÂ²). // The FATA are bordered by: Afghanistan to the west with the border marked by the Durand Line, the North-West Frontier Province and the Punjab... This article details only the area administered by Pakistan. ... This article details only the area administered by Pakistan. ... The 2001 Local Government Ordnance provides for devolution of government to district administrations. ... The Districts of Pakistan form the third tier of government in Pakistan, ranking as subdivisions of the provinces of Pakistan. ... // Karachi is the largest city in Pakistan with its population being the second largest in the world after Mumbai. ... Union Councils of Pakistan are local governments in Pakistan. ... Pakistan is the second largest Muslim country in terms of population (behind Indonesia), and its status as a declared nuclear power, being the only Islamic nation to have that status, plays a part in its international role. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ...

Military coup d'état

Musharraf became de facto Head of Government (using the title Chief Executive and assuming extensive powers) of Pakistan following a bloodless coup d'état on October 12, 1999. That day, Sharif attempted to dismiss Musharraf and install Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) Director Khwaja Ziauddin in his place. Musharraf, who was out of the country, boarded a commercial airliner to return to Pakistan. Senior army generals refused to accept Musharraf's dismissal, which was deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. In October 1999, General Pervez Musharraf, Chief of Army Staff of Pakistan army launched a coup to topple Nawaz Sharif, then Prime Minister of Pakistan. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... The head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ... Coup redirects here. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... This article is about the Pakistani intelligence agency. ...

Sharif ordered the Karachi airport closed to prevent the landing of the airliner, which then circled the skies over Karachi. In the coup, the Generals ousted Sharif's administration and took over the airport. The plane landed, allegedly with only a few minutes of fuel to spare, and Musharraf assumed control of the government. Sharif was put under house arrest and later exiled. In justice and law, house arrest is the situation where a person is confined (by the authorities) to his or her residence. ... Exile (band) may refer to: Exile - The American country music band Exile - The Japanese pop music band Category: ...

He and other leaders have subsequently been prevented from entering Pakistan. Reportedly, the disagreement between Musharraf and Sharif centred around the Prime Minister's desire to find a diplomatic resolution to the conflict with India in the Kashmir region.^[15] This article is about negotiations. ... This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir. ...

The existing President of Pakistan, Rafiq Tarar, remained in office until June 2001. Musharraf formally appointed himself President on June 20, 2001, just days before his scheduled visit to Agra for talks with India. Muhammad Rafiq Tarar (b. ... is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... For other uses, see Agra (disambiguation). ...

Domestic issues

2002 elections

Shortly after Musharraf's takeover, several people filed court petitions challenging his assumption of power. However, he got The Oath of Judges Order 2000 issued. It required the judges to take a fresh oath of office swearing allegiance to military rule and to state they would make no decisions against the military. Many judges refused and resigned in protest. On May 12, 2000, the Supreme Court ordered Musharraf to hold national elections by October 12, 2002; elections for local governments took place in 2001. There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... is the 132nd day of the year (133rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... The Supreme Court (Urdu: Ø¹Ø¯Ø§Ù„Øª Ø¹Ø¸Ù…ÛŒÙ° ) is the apex court in Pakistans judicial hierarchy, the final arbiter of legal and constitutional disputes. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ...

In an attempt to legitimize his presidency and assure its continuance after the approaching restoration of democracy, he held a referendum on April 30, 2002 to extend his term to five years after the October elections. However, the referendum was boycotted by the majority of Pakistani political groupings, which later complained that the vote was heavily rigged, and voter turnout was 30 percent or below by most estimates. A few weeks later, Musharraf went on TV and apologized to the nation for "irregularities" in the referendum. Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Look up Boycott in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Electoral fraud is the deliberate interference with the process of an election. ... Voters lining up outside a Baghdad polling station during the 2005 Iraqi election. ...

General elections were held in October 2002 and a plurality of the seats in the Parliament was won by the PML-Q, a pro-Musharraf party. It formed a majority coalition with independents and allies such as the MQM. However, parties opposed to Musharraf effectively paralysed the National Assembly for over a year. The following month, Musharraf handed over certain powers to the newly elected Parliament. The National Assembly elected Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali as Prime Minister of Pakistan, who in turn appointed his own cabinet. For the use of the term in political theory, see Pluralism (political theory). ... The Parliament of Pakistan is known as the Majlis-e-Shoora (Council of Advisors). ... PML-Q flag The Pakistan Muslim League (Quaid-e-Azam), or PML-Q (Urdu: Ù¾Ø§Ú©Ø³ØªØ§Ù† Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù… Ù„ÛŒÚ¯ Ù‚) is a centrist political party in Pakistan, which was formed by Pervez Musharraf. ... Muttahida Qaumi Mahaz (MQM, United National Front), originally known as Mohajir Quami Movement (Emigrant National Movement), a political party in Pakistan. ... The National Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan. ... The National Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan. ... Former Prime Minister of Pakistan Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali (born January 1, 1944) is a former Prime Minister of Pakistan. ... The Prime Minister of Pakistan (Urdu: ÙˆØ²ÛŒØ± Ø§Ø¹Ø¸Ù… Wazir-e- Azam) is the Head of Government of Pakistan. ...

In December 2003, Musharraf made a deal with Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal, a six-member coalition of Islamic parties, agreeing to leave the army by December 31, 2004. With that party's support, pro-Musharraf legislators were able to muster the two-thirds supermajority required to pass the Seventeenth Amendment, which retroactively legalized Musharraf's 1999 coup and many of his decrees. In late 2004, Musharraf went back on his agreement with the MMA and pro-Musharraf legislators in the Parliament passed a bill allowing Musharraf to keep both offices. Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) (Urdu: Ù…ØªØØ¯Û Ù…Ø¬Ù„Ø³ Ø¹Ù…Ù„ ) (United Council of Action) is a coalition between religious-political parties in Pakistan. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A supermajority or a qualified majority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level or type of support which exceeds a simple majority in order to have effect. ... The Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003 was an amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan passed in December 2003, after over a year of political wrangling between supporters and opponents of Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf. ... The Parliament of Pakistan is known as the Majlis-e-Shoora (Council of Advisors). ...

Denunciation of extremism

On January 12, 2002, Musharraf gave a landmark speech against Islamic extremism. He unequivocally condemned all acts of terrorism and pledged to combat Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan itself. is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Terrorist redirects here. ...

He has also used it to ban funding of madrasas and mosques from outside the country.^{[citation needed]} At the same time as banning foreign funding of Islamic educational institutions, he made it compulsory for them to teach a whole host of additional subjects such as computing. This meant that many had to close due to the halt of funds from Pakistanis working abroad resulting in not being able to teach the additional subjects that he had made compulsory. Musharraf also instituted prohibitions on foreign students' access to studying Islam within Pakistan, an effort which began as an outright ban but was later reduced to restrictions on obtaining visas.^[16] Madrassa in the Gambia The word madrassa in the Arabic language (and other languages of the Islamic nations such as Persian, Turkish, Indonesian etc. ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... Visa or VISA has several meanings: Look up visa in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Visa (document) â€” a document required to enter a specific country. ...

On September 17, 2005, Musharraf made a historic speech before a broad based audience of Jewish leadership, sponsored by the Council for World Jewry, in New York City. In the speech, he denounced terrorism and opened the door to relationships between Pakistan and Israel, as well as between the Muslim world and Jews worldwide. He was widely criticized by Middle Eastern Arab leaders and Muslim clerics, but was met with some praise among Jewish leadership.^[17] is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... The American Jewish Congress is a civil rights body formed both to protect the civil rights of Jewish Americans, as well as to act as a conduit for pro-civil rights activities in the American Jewish community. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ...

On September 13, 2007, 300 Pakistani troops were captured by Islamic militants. Terrorists then bombed Musharraf's own SSG unit, killing 16, and launched rocket attacks in the North-West Frontier province and Tribal areas. is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

Assassination attempts

On December 14, 2003, Musharraf survived an assassination attempt when a powerful bomb went off minutes after his highly-guarded convoy crossed a bridge in Rawalpindi. Musharraf was apparently saved by a jamming device in his limousine that prevented the remote controlled explosives from blowing up the bridge as his convoy passed over it.^{[citation needed]} It was the third such attempt during his four-year rule. On December 25, 2003, two suicide bombers tried to assassinate Musharraf, but their car bombs failed to kill him; 16 others nearby died instead.^[18] Musharraf escaped with only a cracked windscreen on his car. Militant Amjad Farooqi was apparently suspected of being the mastermind behind these attempts, and was killed by Pakistani forces in 2004 after an extensive manhunt. On July 6, 2007, there was another attempted assassination, when an unknown group fired an anti-aircraft gun at Musharraf's plane as it took off from a runway in Rawalpindi.^[19] 39 people were arrested, detained and put at an undisclosed location by a joint team of Punjab police and Pakistan Intelligence Agencies.^[20] is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Assassin and Assassins redirect here. ... For other uses, see Convoy (disambiguation). ... (Urdu: Ø±Ø§ÙˆÙ„Ù¾Ù†ÚˆÛŒ) is a city in the Potwar Plateau near Pakistans capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. ... is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A suicide bombing is an attack using a bomb in which the individual(s) carrying the explosive materials composing the bomb intend(s) and expect(s) to die upon detonation (see suicide). ... For other uses, see Car bomb (disambiguation). ... Amjad Farooqi (1972â€”September 26, 2004) (Urdu: Ø§Ù…Ø¬Ø¯ ÙØ§Ø±ÙˆÙ‚ÛŒ), known by the alias Amjad Hussain (Urdu: Ø§Ù…Ø¬Ø¯ ØØ³ÛŒÙ†), was an Islamic militant. ...

2004 confidence vote and resignation of Jamali

On January 1, 2004 Musharraf won a confidence vote in the Electoral College of Pakistan, consisting of both houses of Parliament and the four provincial assemblies. Musharraf received 658 out of 1170 votes, a 56 percent majority, but many opposition and Islamic members of parliament walked out to protest the vote. As a result of this vote, according to Article 41(8) of the Constitution of Pakistan, Musharraf was "deemed to be elected" to the office of President. His term now extends to 2007. is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A Motion of Confidence is a motion of support proposed by a government in a parliament to give members of parliament a chance to register their confidence for a government by means of a parliamentary vote. ... The President of Pakistan is chosen by an electoral college. ... There have been several documents known as the Constitution of Pakistan. ...

Prime Minister Zafarullah Khan Jamali resigned on June 26, 2004, after losing the support of the PML-Q. His resignation was at least partly due to his public differences with the party chairman Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain, and was rumoured to have happened at Musharraf's command, although neither man has confirmed this. Jamali had been appointed with the support of Musharraf's and the pro-Musharraf PML(Q). Most PML(Q) parliamentarians formerly belonged to the Pakistan Muslim League party led by Sharif, and most ministers of the cabinet were formerly senior members of other parties, joining the PML(Q) after the elections upon being offered powerful offices. It is believed that Musharraf replaced Jamali due to his poor performance and in his place Musharraf nominated Shaukat Aziz, the minister for finance and a former employee of Citibank^[21] and head of Citibank Private Banking as the new prime minister. Zafarullah Khan Jamali Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali (Urdu: Ù…ÛŒØ± Ø¸ÙØ±Ø§Ù„Ù„Û Ø®Ø§Ù† Ø¬Ù…Ø§Ù„ÛŒ) (born January 1, 1944) is a former Prime Minister of Pakistan. ... is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Pakistan Muslim League (Q), or PML-Q, is a centrist political party in Pakistan, dervied from the original Pakistan Muslim League which had laid foundation of the state of Pakistan. ... Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain (Urdu: Ú†ÙˆØ¯Ú¾Ø±ÛŒ Ø´Ø¬Ø§Ø¹Øª ØØ³ÛŒÙ†) (born 1946) is a politician from Pakistan who was the Prime Minister of that country from June 30, 2004 until August 28, 2004. ... Muhammed Ali Jinnah, the Great Leader of the Muslim League The All India Muslim League was a political party in British India and was the driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state from British India on the Indian subcontinent. ... Shaukat Aziz (Urdu:: Ø´ÙˆÚ©Øª Ø¹Ø²ÛŒØ²) (born March 6, 1949 in Karachi, Pakistan) was Prime Minister of Pakistan from 2004 to 2007. ... Citibank is a major international bank, founded in 1812 as the City Bank of New York. ...

Economy

After nuclear tests were carried out in 1998, during the Sharif government, the United States and NATO imposed economic sanctions on Pakistan.^[22] When Musharraf came to power in the coup d'etat the following year Pakistan was expelled from the commonwealth.^[23] This initially compounded the economic problems, and many experts claimed Pakistan was a failed state, as it was close to bankruptcy and investor confidence was at an all-time low. After Musharraf promised support in the hunt for Osama Bin Laden, international sanctions were lifted.^[24] A nuclear test explosion is an experiment involving the detonation of a nuclear weapon. ... This article is about the military alliance. ... Economic sanctions are economic penalties applied by one country (or group of countries) on another for a variety of reasons. ... For Noam Chomskys 2006 book, see Failed States (book). ... Notice of closure stuck on the door of a computer store the day after its parent company, Granville Technology Group Ltd, declared bankruptcy (strictly, put into administrationâ€”see text) in the United Kingdom. ... Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: â€Ž; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ...

Musharraf then appointed Shaukat Aziz, a former Citibank executive, as finance minister.^[25] World powers weighed in for debt rescheduling^[26]^[27]^[28]^[29] to reward Pakistan due to the "war on terror", which helped in saving hundreds millions of dollars, in addition to securing new loans. As a result, foreign exchange reserves increased exceeding $16 billion in 2006, but at the same time foreign debt hit an all time high topping $40 billion.^[30] Critics claim that national institutions have been privatized at throw way prices through bogus bids,^{[citation needed]} but the government claims that the economy has grown in several sectors and that per capita income of Pakistan has more than doubled in the last seven years.^[31] Shaukat Aziz (Urdu:: Ø´ÙˆÚ©Øª Ø¹Ø²ÛŒØ²) (born March 6, 1949 in Karachi, Pakistan) was Prime Minister of Pakistan from 2004 to 2007. ... This article is about U.S. actions, and those of other states, after September 11, 2001. ... For other uses, see Loan (disambiguation). ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The per capita income for a group of people may be defined as their total personal income, divided by the total population. ...

Poverty alleviation

Upon assuming power, Musharraf made promises to alleviate poverty, according to the President of Pakistan's website. A boy from an East Cipinang trash dump slum in Jakarta, Indonesia shows what he found. ...

Critics point to the fact that Pakistan has recently witnessed the worst of its wheat crises, and high inflation,^{[citation needed]}. Despite producing what reports call "a bumper crop of 23.5 million tons" of wheat, the country suffered the worst shortages of wheat in the summer of 2007, with the prices of flour rising by more than 20 percent.^[33] A macro in computer science is an abstraction, that defines how a certain input pattern is replaced by an output pattern according to a defined set of rules. ... A budget deficit occurs when an entity (often a government) spends more money than it takes in. ... Foreign exchange has several meanings: In telecommunications, Foreign exchange service is a type of network service. ...

Corruption issues

When Musharraf came to power, he claimed that the corruption in the government bureaucracy would be cleaned up.^[34] However, as many analysts have noted, his regime has done little to quash corruption, even years into his administration.^[34] The Politics series Politics Portal This box: This article is about the sociological concept. ...

According to a survey by Transparency International, Pakistani public opinion perceived the first and second terms of Musharraf's administration as respectively more corrupt than the first and second terms of previous administrations led by Bhutto and Sharif, respectively.^[35]^[36] However, that survey also indicates that public opinion perceived the second terms of all three leaders as being more corrupt than their first terms, respectively.^[35] And, furthermore, any one of those leader's second terms was perceived as being more corrupt than any of those leaders first terms.^[35] In fact, Bhutto's second term was perceived as being the second most corrupt according to those sampled by the survey. Musharraf's second term was perceived as being the most corrupt term of office among the those of the three leaders.^[35] Transparency International (TI) is an international organisation addressing corruption, including, but not limited to, political corruption. ...

According to a combined poll by Dawn News, Indian Express and CNN-IBN, a majority believe that corruption during this administration has increased.^[37]^[38] An Asian Development Bank report on the state of the country during the 60th year of Independence describes it as a country with "poor governance, endemic corruption and social indicators that are among the worst in Asia".^[39] Dawn News or DAWNNEWS Television is Pakistans first 24-hour English News Channel. ... The Indian Express is an Indian newspaper started by Ram Nath Goenka, and is published from New Delhi. ... CNN-IBN is an English language Indian TV news channel. ... The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a regional development bank established in 1966 to promote economic and social development in Asian and Pacific countries through loans and technical assistance. ...

There have also been allegations that corrupt servicemen aren't being prosecuted because of the junta's clout.^[40] Pakistani media too have alleged that individual corruption of the previous government was replaced by institutionalised corruption of the Pakistan Army, awarding land deeds and a life of luxury to its officers.^[41] A Norwegian soldier (a Corporal, armed with an MP-5) A soldier is a person who has enlisted with, or has been conscripted into, the armed forces of a sovereign country and has undergone training and received equipment to defend that country or its interests. ... A military junta is government by a committee of military leaders. ...

Later in 2007, his government cost national exchequer hundreds of millions of Rupees to hire teams of expensive lawyers to represent his government in courts. In one such case regarding the privatization of Pakistan Steel Mills Corporation, whose worth was stated to be Rupees 600 billion, and which was sold out for mere Rupees 20.6 billions,^[42] the government had spent Rupees 90 million (£900.000), with Sharifuddin Pirzada alone getting away with 6.6 million rupees (£66,000). It has been suggested that History of the rupee be merged into this article or section. ... The symbol Â£ represents the pound currency which Britain uses. ... Image:Jinnah-pirzada-gandhi. ...

Suspension and reinstatement of the Chief Justice

On March 9, 2007, Musharraf suspended the Chief Justice of Pakistan, Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry. In an interview about the matter given to Geo TV, Musharraf stated that Chaudhry himself wished to meet with him and Musharraf then presented him with evidence related to charges made against Chaudhry for abuse of office.^[43] Other sources maintain that Chaudhry was summoned by the General at his Army residence in Rawalpindi and asked to explain his position on a list of charges brought against him from several quarters.^[44] Chaudhry was demanded to resign, but he refused and was detained. While this was not confirmed by the Affidavit presented by him in Supreme Court, While affidavits by other people in same case has said that it was not true and he (Chief Justice) has asked to meet the President and was not asked to resign. Meanwhile, another senior judge, Justice Javaid Iqbal, was appointed as the acting Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. is the 68th day of the year (69th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry (Urdu: ) (born 12 December 1948), is the de jure Chief Justice of Pakistan. ... Geo TV or GEO Television is an Urdu Pakistani television network that was established in May 2002 and officially began transmission in October 2002. ... Justice Javaid Iqbal (Jr. ...

Musharraf's moves sparked protests among Pakistani lawyers. On March 12, 2007, lawyers across Pakistan began boycotting all court procedures in protest against the suspension. In Islamabad, as well as other cities such as Lahore, Karachi and Quetta, hundreds of lawyers dressed in black suits attended rallies, condemning the suspension as unconstitutional. More than 20 lawyers were injured in clashes with police during the demonstrations in Lahore.^{[citation needed]} On March 16, demonstrations became more widespread, and included protesters outside the legal community.^{[citation needed]} Slowly the expressions of support for the ousted Chief Justice gathered momentum and by May, protesters and opposition parties took out huge rallies against Musharraf and his tenure as army chief was also challenged in the courts.^[45]^[46] Rallies held by the MQM and other political parties left more than 40 people dead in firefights in the streets of Karachi, and the offices of AAJ TV were caught in the crossfire and sustained damage. Opposition parties have accused the government and Rangers of not doing enough to stop the violence.^{[citation needed]} is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... For other places called Islamabad, see Islamabad (disambiguation). ... (Urdu: Ù„Ø§ÛÙˆØ±, Punjabi: Ù„ÛÙˆØ±, pronounced ) is the capital of the province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. ... (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ... (Urdu: Ú©ÙˆØ¦Ù¹Û) also spelled Kwatah city is a variation of kwatkot, a Pashto word meaning â€œfort,â€. It is the largest city and provincial capital and district of Baluchistan Province, Pakistan. ...

On July 20, the Supreme Court reinstated Chaudhry. It also dismissed misconduct charges that Musharraf filed against him.^[47]^[48]

Lal Masjid siege

The standoff between the Pakistani government and the clerics of the Lal Masjid in Islamabad finally erupted into full scale violence on the morning of July 8, 2007, when the official government delegation led by Shujaat Hussain declared that the negotiations with the militants holed up in the mosque have reached an agreement. Musharraf refused to accept the mutual agreement, drafted a new proposal of the agreement, and gave the militants half an hour to accept. Combatants Pakistan Army Lal Masjid students and militants Commanders Haroon-ul-Islam â€ Waheed Arshad Abdul Rashid Ghazi â€ Abdul Aziz Ghazi Strength 12,000 Army and Rangers 164 SSG commandos[3][4] 1,300 students 110+ militants Casualties 11 SSG killed[5] 1 Ranger killed[5] 33 SSG wounded[5] 8... For the Lal Masjid of Delhi, see Lal Masjid, Delhi The Lal Masjid The Lal Masjid (Urdu: Ù„Ø§Ù„ Ù…Ø³Ø¬Ø¯; translated: Red Mosque) is a mosque located in Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. ... is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain, then Pakistans interim Prime Minister, sees off U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage, after their July 2004 meeting at the Prime Ministers residence in Islamabad, Pakistan. ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ...

In addition to militants, there were several hundred students, many of who were young girls, whom Pakistan claims were being used as human shields.^[49]

After the negotiations failed the troops were given the go ahead to storm the complex, which they did. Codenamed "Operation Silence", the objective was to capture or kill the militants if they resisted - as well as rescuing all the students kept as hostages. Musharraf had been criticised for some for his inaction against the Lal Masjid.^[50] Combatants Pakistani security forces (Pakistani police and Pakistan Rangers Lal Masjid students and supporters Commanders Haroon-ul-Islamâ€ Abdul Rashid Ghaziâ€ Maulana Abdul Aziz (captured on July 4th) Strength 12,000 15 Armoured Vehicles 5,000 Casualties 8 Pakistan Rangers 110-120 killed (unconfirmed); 1,200+ surrendered or captured Militants...

August state of emergency rumours

On August 8, 2007 a rumour spread across Pakistan that a State of emergency was going to be enforced across the country. The rumour was picked up by the electronic media. Government Ministers confirmed that the option of enforcing emergency was being considered due to “internal and external threats” that the country was facing.^[51] Prompted by the news reports, U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice made a 17-minute telephone call to Musharraf. A senior western diplomat noted that it is likely that Rice persuaded Musharraf to not impose such an emergency.^[52] On August 9, 2007, Musharraf confirmed that he would not be imposing emergency in Pakistan.^[53] This was followed by a clarification from U.S. President George W. Bush that the imposition of emergency in Pakistan was not a reality.^[54] Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain, President of Pakistan Muslim League (PML) admitted that he had suggested the imposition of “partial emergency” in the country. He also said that the government is still considering the imposition of emergency.^[55] However, the Karachi Stock Exchange fell after the rumour spread that the government is imposing emergency in Pakistan. The Karachi Stock Exchange 100 Index fell 382.61, or 2.8 percent, to close at 13,181.94, the largest fluctuation among markets included in global benchmarks.^[56] is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... For other uses, see State of emergency (disambiguation). ... Condoleezza Rice (born November 14, 1954) is the 66th United States Secretary of State, and the second in the administration of President George W. Bush to hold the office. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain (Urdu: Ú†ÙˆØ¯Ú¾Ø±ÛŒ Ø´Ø¬Ø§Ø¹Øª ØØ³ÛŒÙ†) (born 1946) is a politician from Pakistan who was the Prime Minister of that country from June 30, 2004 until August 28, 2004. ... Muhammed Ali Jinnah, the Great Leader of the Muslim League The All India Muslim League was a political party in British India and was the driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state from British India on the Indian subcontinent. ... The Karachi Stock Exchange (Guarantee) Limited (colloquially known as the Karachi Stock Exchange) is the largest stock exchange in Pakistan. ...

Relations with Benazir Bhutto

Also on August 8, Benazir Bhutto spoke about her secret meeting with Musharraf on July 27, in an interview on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Benazir Bhutto (Urdu: Ø¨ÛŒÙ†Ø¸ÛŒØ± Ø¨Ú¾Ù¹Ùˆ, IPA: ; Sindhi:Ø¨ÛŒÙ†Ø¸ÛŒØ± Ú€ÙÙ½Ùˆ ) (born 21 June 1953 in Karachi) is a Pakistani politician who became the first elected woman to lead a post-colonial Muslim state. ... Benazir Bhutto (Urdu: Ø¨ÛŒÙ†Ø¸ÛŒØ± Ø¨Ú¾Ù¹Ùˆ, IPA: ; Sindhi:Ø¨ÛŒÙ†Ø¸ÛŒØ± Ú€ÙÙ½Ùˆ ) (born 21 June 1953 in Karachi) is a Pakistani politician who became the first elected woman to lead a post-colonial Muslim state. ... Radio-Canada redirects here. ...

On September 14, 2007, Deputy Information Minister Tariq Azim stated that Bhutto won't be deported, but must face corruption suits against her. He clarified Sharif's and Bhutto's right to return to Pakistan: "Nawaz Sharif's case was different. He went back to Saudi Arabia because of an undertaking he had with the Saudi government; She (Bhutto) was always allowed to come back."^[57] Pakistan People's Party Farhatullah Babar said that Benazir Bhutto will forthwith declare the exact date of her return: "We are announcing the date of the return for Benazir Bhutto to Pakistan at 5:00 pm (1200 GMT)" (Makhdoom Amin Fahim will publish it at a news conference in Islamabad." Musharraf faced a rising militant violence, with a suicide bombing killing 15 elite commandos on September 13.^[58] Bhutto declared her return from 8 years exile on October 18. Makhdoom Amin Faheem, vice chair of Pakistan Peoples Party said that "Benazir Bhutto will be landing in Karachi on October 18."^[59] is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Deportation is the expelling of someone from a country. ... A member of Liberal Democratic Party Taizo Sugimura in an apology news conference in Japan A news conference or press conference is a media event in which newsmakers invite journalists to hear them speak and, most often, ask questions. ... The word militant has come to refer to any individual or party engaged in aggressive physical or verbal combat, normally for a cause. ... A suicide bombing is an attack using a bomb in which the individual(s) carrying the explosive materials composing the bomb intend(s) and expect(s) to die upon detonation (see suicide). ... For other uses, see Elite (disambiguation). ... Promotional artwork for the Commandos series. ... Exile (band) may refer to: Exile - The American country music band Exile - The Japanese pop music band Category: ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

On September 17, 2007, Bhutto accused Musharraf 's allies of pushing Pakistan to crisis by refusal to restore democracy and share power. Sheikh Rashid Ahmed stated that officials had agreed to grant Benazir Bhutto amnesty in pending corruption charges.^[60] is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Official government photograph Shaikh Rashid Ahmad (born 1950-11-06) is a Pakistani politician and writer. ...

Resignation of army leadership

The Associated Press reported on August 29, 2007 that Musharraf has agreed to step down as army chief.^{[citation needed]} However, Musharraf confirmed within 24 hours of the report that he was to do no such thing and that he does not accept deadlines.^{[citation needed]} The Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ...

On October 2, 2007, Musharraf named Lt. Gen. Ashfaq Kayani as vice chief of the army starting October 8. If Musharraf resigns his military post, Kayani will become Chief of Army Staff.^[60] is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani (born April 1952, Jhelum) is a Pakistani general and vice chief of army staff (VCOAS). ... Chief of Army Staff of Indian Army is the highest post in the Indian Army ...

Return of Nawaz Sharif

Sharif returned to Pakistan in September 2007, and was immediately arrested and taken into custody at the airport.^[61] Sharif initially refused to hand over his passport to immigration officials on the plane. Finally, the plane carrying Sharif left Pakistan for Saudi Arabia. "He has been sent back," a senior security official told AFP, as local television showed a Pakistan International Airlines plane carried deported Sharif from Islamabad airport.^[62] Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu: Ù…ÛŒØ§Úº Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ù†ÙˆØ§Ø² Ø´Ø±ÛŒÙ ) (born December 25, 1949 in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan) is a Pakistani politician. ... For Microsoft Corporationâ€™s â€œuniversal loginâ€ service, formerly known as Microsoft Passport Network, see Windows Live ID. For other types of travel document, see Travel document. ... Pakistan International Airlines Corporation, more commonly known as Pakistan International Airlines or PIA (Urdu: Ù¾ÛŒ Ø¢Ø¦ÛŒ Ø§Û’ ÙŠØ§ Ù¾Ø§Ú©Ø³ØªØ§Ù† Ø§Ù†Ù¹Ø±Ù†ÛŒØ´Ù†Ù„ Ø§ÛŒØ±Ù„Ø§ÛŒÙ†Ø²), is the flag carrier airline of Pakistan, based in Karachi. ... Look up plane in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Sharif returned to Jeddah, where he was met by Saudi intelligence chief Prince Miqren bin Abdul Aziz. Pakistan's Religious Affairs Minister Ijaz-ul Haq stated that "He has not only embarrassed Pakistan but also the leadership of Saudi Arabia by violating the agreement.." The European Union asked the Pakistani government to respect the court ruling, while the U.S. government said that the deportation was an "internal matter" but said that elections should be "free and fair". Human Rights Watch accused Musharraf of violating international law, and Sharif's Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz party condemned the deportation by filing a contempt suit in the Supreme Court.^[63]^[64] , Nickname: Location of Jeddah Coordinates: , Country Province Established 500+ BC Government - Mayor Adil Faqeeh - City Governor Mishal Al-Saud - Provincial Governor Khalid al Faisal Area - City 1,320 kmÂ² (509. ... Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-government organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

2007 elections

In an interview in March 2007, Musharraf said that he intends to stay in the office for another five years.^[65] Indirect presidential elections were held in Pakistan on 6 October 2007. ...

A nine-member panel of Supreme Court judges deliberated on six petitions (including Jamaat-e-Islami's, Pakistan's largest Islamic group) for disqualification of Musharraf as presidential candidate. Bhutto stated that her party may join other opposition groups, including Sharif's. Attorney-general Malik Mohammed Qayyum stated that, pendente lite, the Election Commission was "reluctant" to announce the schedule for the presidential vote. Bhutto's party Farhatullah Babar stated that the Constitution could bar Musharraf from being elected again because he holds the army chief's post. "As Gen. Musharraf is disqualified from contesting for President, he has prevailed upon the Election Commission to arbitrarily and illegally tamper with the Constitution of Pakistan."^[66] A petition is a request to an authority, most commonly a government official or public entity. ... Jamaat-e-Islami (Arabic: Ø¬Ù…Ø§Ø¹ØªÙ Ø§Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÛŒ, Islamic Assembly Jamaat, JI) is an Islamic political movement founded in Lahore by Syed Abul Ala Maududi on 26 August 1941. ... In most common law jurisdictions, the Attorney General or Attorney-General is the main legal adviser to the government, and in some jurisdictions may in addition have executive responsibility for law enforcement or responsibility for public prosecutions. ... A Latin term meaning while pending which is utilized for court orders or legal agreements entered into while a matter (such as a divorce) is pending. ... This article needs cleanup. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...

On September 24, 2007, the president of the Supreme Court bar association, Munir Malik, announced that former Supreme Court judge Wajihuddin Ahmed will challenge Musharraf in Pakistan's October presidential election. Ahmad had little chance of defeating Musharraf (since the president is elected by parliament and provincial assemblies). Also, 24 persons were detained due to protest outside the court in Islamabad.^[67] On September 28, 2007, in a 6-3 vote, the court presided by Judge Rana Bhagwandas ruled: "These petitions are held to be non-maintainable." The judgment removed obstacles to Musharraf's election bid.^[68] is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Munir Malik (born July 10, 1934, Leiah, Punjab) is a former Pakistani cricketer who played in three Tests from 1959 to 1962. ... The Honourable Justice (R) Wajihuddin Ahmed (born December 01, 1938) is one of the most respected names of Pakistani judiciary who remained the Chief Justice of the Sindh High Court and then a judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan. ... This article is about the political process. ... is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Honourable Mr. ...

On October 2, 2007, 85 Pakistani opposition lawmakers resigned from the country's parliament to derail Musharraf's reelection bid. National Assembly Speaker Chaudhry Amir Hussain stated that the resignations would not affect the presidential election. Under Pakistani law, the national parliament and provincial assemblies choose the president. The current parliament is expected to elect a president before October 15, with the new five-year term starting on November 15.^[69] is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Chaudhry Amir Hussain is 17th and current Speaker of National Assembly of Pakistan. ...

On October 6, 2007, Musharraf won a vote to be re-elected Pakistan's president. However, the Supreme Court ruled that no winner will be proclaimed until it decides on the legality issue.^[70] is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

Emergency declared in Pakistan

On November 3, 2007 Musharraf declared an emergency rule across Pakistan. He suspended the Constitution, imposed State of Emergency, and fired the chief justice of the Supreme Court.^[71] While addressing the nation on State Television, Musharraf declared that the state of emergency was imposed in the country to safeguard the national interests and counter growing terrorism and the downward trend of economy. In Islamabad, troops entered the Supreme Court building, arrested the judges and kept them under detention in their homes. Troops have been deployed inside state-run TV and radio stations, while independent channels have gone off air. Land and mobile telephone lines are down in Islamabad. The court was to decide whether Musharraf was eligible to run for election last month while remaining army chief. Pervez Musharraf has led Pakistan since 1999. ... Image File history File links Gnome_globe_current_event. ... Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... An emergency rule is a declaration of the state of emergency, adopted by a state government, and without the need of public notice and/or participation. ... The Supreme Court (Urdu: Ø¹Ø¯Ø§Ù„Øª Ø¹Ø¸Ù…ÛŒÙ° ) is the apex court in Pakistans judicial hierarchy, the final arbiter of legal and constitutional disputes. ...

Foreign policy

Support for the War on Terror

Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, Musharraf sided with the United States against the Taliban government in Afghanistan after an ultimatum by U.S. President George W. Bush. Musharraf agreed to give the United States the use of three airbases for Operation Enduring Freedom. Secretary of State Colin Powell and other administration officials met with Musharraf. On September 19, 2001, Musharraf addressed the people of Pakistan and stated that, while he opposed military tactics against the Taliban, Pakistan risked being endangered by an alliance of India and the U.S. if it did not cooperate.^[72] In 2006, Musharraf testified that this stance was pressured by threats from the U.S.,^[73] and revealed in his memoirs that he had "war-gamed" the United States as an adversary and decided that it would end in Pakistan losing such a conflict, especially since archrival India would also join in such an attack.^[74] Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11â€”pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... The Taliban (Pashto: , also anglicized as Taleban) are a Sunni Muslim and ethnic Pashtun movement [2] that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by a cooperative military effort between the Northern Alliance, United States, Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... Combatants United States, Poland, France, Canada, Pakistan, India, Australia, United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand, Philippines (in the Philippines theatre only), Northern Alliance, Italy, Czech Republic, Hungary, Ethiopia, Somalia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Albania, Macedonia, Romania, Portugal, Bulgaria, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Georgia Taliban, al-Qaeda, Abu Sayyaf, Jemaah... The United States Secretary of State is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with foreign affairs. ... General Colin Luther Powell, United States Army (Ret. ... is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

Relations with India

Musharraf was Chief of Army Staff at the time of Mujahideen incursions into India from Pakistan-administered Kashmir in the summer of 1999. Although Pakistan claimed that these were Kashmiri freedom fighters based in Indian-controlled Kashmir, later developments showed that they were Pakistani paramilitary soldiers backing up the separatists on the mountain top. After fierce fighting, Pakistani soldiers were pulled back due to pressure from the international community. Some reports suggest that Musharraf retreated after huge pressure on Sharif from the then-U.S. President Bill Clinton, who feared the conflict could turn into a nuclear catastrophe.^{[citation needed]} For the Iranian opposition group, see Peoples Mujahedin of Iran. ... Shown in green is the Kashmiri region under Pakistani control. ... Indian occupied Kashmir (also called Held Kashmir) is the name given by Pakistan to a portion of Kashmir controlled by India. ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ...

However, in Battle Ready, a book co-authored by ex-CENTCOM Commander in Chief Anthony Zinni and novelist Tom Clancy, the former alleges that Musharraf was the one who pushed Sharif to withdraw the Pakistani troops after being caught in a losing scenario.^[75] According to an ex-official of the Musharraf government, Hassan Abbas, Musharraf planned the whole operation and sold the idea to Sharif.^[76] The view that Musharraf wanted to attempt the Kargil infiltrations much earlier was also revealed by Bhutto in an interview with a leading daily newspaper, where he had supposedly boasted that "he would hoist the flag of Pakistan atop the Srinagar Assembly" if his plan was executed.^[77] PML(N), a leading Pakistan party added that Musharraf had planned the Kargil intrusions but panicked when the conflict broke out with India and decided to alert Sharif.^[78] Since the Kargil incident occurred just after the Lahore Peace Summit earlier that year, Musharraf is often regarded with scepticism in India.^[79]^[80] Emblem of the United States Central Command. ... Anthony Charles Zinni (born September 17, 1943) is a retired general in the United States Marine Corps and a former Commander in Chief of U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM). ... For the member of the Irish folk band The Clancy Brothers, see Tom Clancy (singer) and for the American Celticist, see Thomas Owen Clancy. ... The national flag of Pakistan was designed by Syed Amir-ud-Din Kedwai based on the 1906 flag of the All-India Muslim League. ... For Srinagar in Uttarakhand, see Srinagar, Uttarakhand. ... The Pakistan Muslim League (N) is a political party in Pakistan. ... The Lahore Declaration was a historic declaration signed by the Indian Prime Minister, Mr. ...

In the middle of 2004, Musharraf began a series of talks with India to solve the Kashmir dispute. Both leaders also discussed the following issues: Wullar Barrage and Kishangaga power project, Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River being built by India in Jammu and Kashmir, Disputed Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch, Siachin glacier, Issues of Gurdaspur and Ferozepur's status, Hindu-Muslim Relations, Autonomy for the Sikhs in Indian Punjab, Minority rights, Indian contentions that Pakistan is sponsoring "cross-border" terrorism. For main article about Kashmir see Kashmir // Partition, dispute and war Shown in green is the Kashmiri region under Pakistani control. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... The Chenab River rises in the Himalayan ranges of Kashmir and flows through the plains of the Punjab, forming the boundary between the Rechna and the Jech Doabs. ... This article is about the area administered by India. ... Location of Sir Creek The Sir Creek is a 96 km (60 mile) strip of water disputed between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch marshlands. ... Rann of Kutch on the Top Left. ... Conflict on the Siachin Glacier Siachin Glacier is the highest combat battlefield in the world where the armed forces of India and Pakistan are locked in skirmish combat ever since India occupied the territory in the early 80s. ... , Gurdaspur is a city in the province of East Punjab, situated in the northwest part of the Republic of India. ... Firozpur (or Ferozepur, Ferozepore) is city and district in Punjab, India. ... Look up autonomy, autonomous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A Sikh man wearing a turban The adherents of Sikhism are called Sikhs. ... , This article is about the Indian state of Punjab. ... â€œMinorityâ€ redirects here. ...

In 2007, Musharraf stated, after a meeting with Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, that the current push to normalize relations between the two states is "irreversible." This article is about the Prime Minister of India. ...

Relationship with Al Qaeda

On July 22, 2004, The Guardian reported that Omar Sheikh, a British-born Islamist, had, on the instructions of General Mahmoud Ahmed, the then head of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), wired $100,000 before the 9/11 attacks to Mohammed Atta, the lead hijacker. When Ahmed was exposed by the Wall Street Journal as having sent the money to the hijackers, Musharraf forced him to retire.^[81] The 9/11 commission did not investigate this funding. For other uses, see Guardian. ... Known as Sheikh Omar, Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh (Ahmed Umar Syed Sheikh) is a British citizen, of Pakistani descent, with links to various Islamic-based terrorist organisations, including Al-Qaeda and Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, as well as the Inter-Services Intelligence, Pakistans intelligence agency. ... This article is about political For the religion of Islam, see Islam. ... Mahmoud Ahmed (born May 8, 1941) is an Ethiopian singer of Gurage ancestry. ... Mohammed Atta is a name commonly used to refer to the following individuals: Mohamed Atta al Sayed was the Al-Qaeda suicide pilot of the first plane to crash into the World Trade Center during the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. ... The Wall Street Journal is an influential international daily newspaper published in New York City, New York with an average daily circulation of 1,800,607 (2002). ...

In September 2007, in the aftermath of the Lal Masjid incident, al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden urged his followers to fight a holy war against Musharraf and the Pakistani army.^[82]^[83] Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: â€Ž; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ... Holy war may refer to: Jihad, war fought to spread the religion of Islam. ...

Richard Armitage comments on controversy

During a September 24, 2006 interview with Steve Kroft on 60 Minutes, Musharraf said that then-U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage had called Musharraf's intelligence director shortly following the 9/11 attacks and threatened military action if Pakistan did not support the U.S.-led "war on terror". According to Musharraf, Armitage warned: "Be prepared to be bombed. Be prepared to go back to the Stone Age."^[84] Furthermore, during an interview with Jon Stewart of The Daily Show on September 26, 2006, Musharraf stated that then-Secretary of State Colin Powell also contacted him with a similar message: "You are with us or against us." Musharraf refused to elaborate further, citing the then-upcoming release of his book, In the Line of Fire: A Memoir (ISBN 0-7432-8344-9). Armitage has, however, categorically denied that the U.S. used such harsh words to threaten Pakistan, whereas President Bush has refrained from publicly acknowledging the possibility of the exact wordings being used. is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Steve Kroft is an American journalist. ... This article is about the CBS news magazine. ... The Deputy Secretary of State of the United States is the chief assistant to the Secretary of State who is responsible for foreign affairs. ... Richard L. Armitage Richard Lee Armitage (born April 26, 1945) was the 13th United States Deputy Secretary of State, the second-in-command at the State Department, serving from 2001 to 2005, Previously, he was a high-ranking troubleshooter and negotiator in the Departments of State and Defense. ... Stone Age fishing hook. ... Not to be confused with John Stewart or John Stuart. ... The Daily Show (currently The Daily Show with Jon Stewart) is a Peabody and Emmy Award-winning American satirical television program produced by and airing on Comedy Central. ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Nuclear proliferation

One of the most widely-reported controversies during Musharraf's administration arose as a consequence of the disclosure of nuclear proliferation by Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, the metallurgist known as the father of Pakistan's bomb. Musharraf has denied knowledge of or participation by Pakistan's government or army in this proliferation and has faced bitter domestic criticism for singularly vilifying Khan, a former national hero. Khan has been pardoned in exchange for cooperation in the investigation, but is still under house arrest.^[85] World map with nuclear weapons development status represented by color. ... Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, NI & BAR, HI (Urdu: Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯Ø§Ù„Ù‚Ø¯ÛŒØ± Ø®Ø§Ù†) (born April 1, 1936 in Bhopal, British India) is a Pakistani Scientist and metallurgical engineer widely regarded as the founder of Pakistans nuclear program. ... Georg Agricola, author of De re metallica, an important early book on metal extraction Metallurgy is a domain of materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their compounds, which are called alloys. ... For the Breton religious festivals, see Pardon (ceremony). ... In justice and law, house arrest is the situation where a person is confined (by the authorities) to his or her residence. ...

Approval ratings

By August 2007 Musharraf had become increasingly unpopular in Pakistan. An International Republican Institute survey showed that 64 percent of the population did not want another term to be granted to Musharraf as the president of Pakistan.^[86] The Economist reported that the country was in a mess even by the nation's own standards.^[86] Journalist Ayaz Amir stated that Musharraf was “the author of his own misfortune”. The article stated that unlike other dictators, Musharraf has an easy exit that should be heeded to.^[87] The International Republican Institute (IRI) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization. ... The Economist is an English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London. ... Ayaz Amir is a renowned Pakistani journalist, most famous for his columns in the newspaper Dawn as well as known as a politician as well . ...

Musharraf admitted that his popularity was on a decline.^[88] Dawn, a leading newspaper, conducted a survey showed that about 54.5 percent of urban Pakistanis believe that military should have no role in politics while 65.2 percent want Musharraf to step down.^[89] The Economist also stated that the General was destabilizing Pakistan by imposing ‎emergency. The paper also suggested that it was time that the general exit government ‎and allow the democratic process to be completed. ‎‎^[90]‎ Dawn is Pakistans oldest and most widely-read English-language newspaper. ... Alan Greenspan, former chairman, United States Federal Reserve. ...

However, more recent surveys shows that Musharraf's popularity has further decreased. A survey conducted by Terror Free Tomorrow shows that Osama Bin Ladin is more popular in Pakistan than Musharraf. According to poll results, bin Laden has a 46 percent approval rating. ^[91].

In an effort to boost his falling popularity ratings in an election year, Musharraf will be a regular guest star on a state-sponsored Q&A show titled From the President's House.^[92] The show will be aired weekly on PTV and partly or wholly on some private channels. The Pakistan Television Corporation (abbreviated as PTV) (Urdu: Ù¾Ø§Ú©Ø³ØªØ§Ù† Ù¹ÛŒÙ„ÛŒÙˆÚ˜Ù† Ú©Ø§Ø±Ù¾ÙˆØ±ÛŒØ´Ù†) is the state-run television service in Pakistan, and has been on the air since 1964. ...

On November 3, 2007, Musharraf declared a State of Emergency in Pakistan to postpone the ongoing case of his re-election, of which impact is most likely to decline his already low popularity even further. For other uses, see State of emergency (disambiguation). ...

Legacy

Musharraf characterizes himself as a moderate leader with liberal, progressive ideas, and has expressed admiration for Kemal Ataturk, founder of the Turkish Republic.^[93] â€œModeratesâ€ redirects here. ... Liberalism is a political current embracing several historical and present-day ideologies that claim defense of individual liberty as the purpose of government. ... Progressive can refer to: Progressive music, including Progressive rock, Progressive metal and Progressive electronica Political Progressivism Several Progressive Parties Progressive Era in the United States (1890-1913) Progressive, a company providing auto insurance The Progressive, a left-wing monthly magazine The progressive tense in grammar Progressive lenses, used to correct... Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 – November 10, 1938), Turkish soldier and statesman, was the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. ...

His government maintains that Pakistan is prospering due to his economic and social reforms. Statements issued by the government suggest significant improvement in the economy. Experts are, however, cautious about any optimism, since the steep rise in GDP is attributed to rebasing^[94] done in 2004. External debt, on the other hand, has for the first time hit $40 billion mark.^[95]

His government claims to champion freedom of the press^{[citation needed]}. However, following the media coverage of the riots in Karachi on May 12, 2007, Musharraf attempted to curb that freedom by decree. The measure backfired with a severe backlash, and was eventually withdrawn. In order to counter rapidly growing anger among the masses against his policies, state owned television PTV has decided to air weekly shows involving him to bolster his approval ratings. The recent closing of independant news and radio channels after imposing a state of emergency on the country by the President, expresses another example on the lack freedom of the press. Freedom of the Press (or Press Freedom) is the guarantee by a government of free public press for its citizens and their associations, extended to members of news gathering organizations, and their published reporting. ... On May 12, 2007, riots erupted across Karachi, capital of the province of Sindh and the most populous city in Pakistan. ... is the 132nd day of the year (133rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The Pakistan Television Corporation (abbreviated as PTV) (Urdu: Ù¾Ø§Ú©Ø³ØªØ§Ù† Ù¹ÛŒÙ„ÛŒÙˆÚ˜Ù† Ú©Ø§Ø±Ù¾ÙˆØ±ÛŒØ´Ù†) is the state-run television service in Pakistan, and has been on the air since 1964. ...

On September 29, 2007, state troops baton charged journalists who had gathered on Constitutional Avenue to report a story. 34 journalists were severely injured.^[96]^[97]^[98] is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

Musharraf has expressed admiration for the right-wing General Rahimuddin Khan, the authoritarian martial law administrator of Balochistan throughout the 1980s. He was severely criticized by human rights organizations following his comments in response to the rape of Mukhtar Mai. On September 23, 2005, during a tape-recorded 50 Minute interview^[99] with the Washington Post, Musharraf had suggested that rape was becoming a "moneymaking concern" in Pakistan. In politics, right-wing, the political right, or simply the right, are terms which refer, with no particular precision, to the segment of the political spectrum in opposition to left-wing politics. ... Full General Rahimuddin Khan (Urdu: Ø±ØÛŒÙ… Ø§Ù„Ø¯ÛŒÙ† Ø®Ø§Ù†) (born 21 July 1926) was the Governor of Balochistan, the largest province of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, for an unprecedented seven years (1978-1984), while simultaneously holding the military posts of Armoured Corps Commander as well as Martial Law Administrator of Balochistan, the latter... The term authoritarian is used to describe an organization or a state which enforces strong and sometimes oppressive measures against the population, generally without attempts at gaining the consent of the population. ... Martial Law Administrator is a head of the military governments normally overtaking the elected govenments with different purposes. ... Balochistan or Baluchistan may refer to: Balochistan (region) is the name of a large region covering southwest Pakistan and southeast Iran Balochistan (Iran) is part of the Iranian Sistan and Baluchistan Province Balochistan (Pakistan) is the name of a province of Pakistan. ... Meerwala has challenged a local tribal councils injustice Mukhtaran Bibi is a woman in Meerwala, a small and very poor village of Jatoi, a rural Tehsil (county) in the Muzaffargarh District of Pakistan. ... is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... ...

Notes

Dawn is Pakistans oldest and most widely-read English-language newspaper. ... For the member of the Irish folk band The Clancy Brothers, see Tom Clancy (singer) and for the American Celticist, see Thomas Owen Clancy. ... The Daily Times is a Pakistani newspaper. ... is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Asiaweek, the English edition, was a news magazine focusing on Asia, published weekly by Asiaweek Limited, a subsidiary of Time Inc. ... There are newspapers called The News in quite a few countries and cities around the world: The News (Adelaide) The News (Karachi) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Daily Times is a Pakistani newspaper. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Guardian. ... Michael Hugh Meacher (born November 4, 1939) is a British Labour party politician, and Member of Parliament (MP) for Oldham West and Royton. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Books

Contents

Early life

Military career

Indo-Pakistani Wars

Role in Kargil Conflict

Presidency

Military coup d'état

Domestic issues

2002 elections

Denunciation of extremism

Assassination attempts

2004 confidence vote and resignation of Jamali

Economy

Poverty alleviation

Corruption issues

Suspension and reinstatement of the Chief Justice

Lal Masjid siege

August state of emergency rumours

Relations with Benazir Bhutto

Resignation of army leadership

Return of Nawaz Sharif

2007 elections

Emergency declared in Pakistan

Foreign policy

Support for the War on Terror

Relations with India

Relationship with Al Qaeda

Richard Armitage comments on controversy

Nuclear proliferation

Approval ratings

Legacy

Notes

Books

See also

External links

Contents

Early life GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Military career

Indo-Pakistani Wars

Role in Kargil Conflict

Presidency

Military coup d'état

Domestic issues

2002 elections

Denunciation of extremism

Assassination attempts

2004 confidence vote and resignation of Jamali

Economy

Poverty alleviation

Corruption issues

Suspension and reinstatement of the Chief Justice

Lal Masjid siege

August state of emergency rumours

Relations with Benazir Bhutto

Resignation of army leadership

Return of Nawaz Sharif

2007 elections

Emergency declared in Pakistan

Foreign policy

Support for the War on Terror

Relations with India

Relationship with Al Qaeda

Richard Armitage comments on controversy

Nuclear proliferation

Approval ratings

Legacy

Notes

Books

See also

External links

Early life