The Maratha Empire at its peak in 1760

The Peshwa(Marathi:पेशवे or पेशवा) (also known in Marathi as Peshwe) were Brahmin Prime Ministers to the Maratha Chattrapatis (Kings), who began commanding Maratha armies and later became the hereditary rulers of the Maratha empire of central India from 1749 to 1818. Prior to 1700 AD,One Peshwa also got king status for 8-9 years. They oversaw the greatest expansion of the Maratha Empire around 1760 With the help of Pawar,Hokar,Shinde, Bhosale,Pantprainidhi, Gayakwad, Pandit, Patwardhan, Sawant, Gupte and Purandare, and also its eventual annexation by the British East India Company in 1818. Image File history File links Marathas. ... Image File history File links Marathas. ... Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ... Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ... The term Brahmin denotes both a member of the priestly class in the Hindu varna system, and a member of the highest caste in the caste system of Hindu society. ... Alternative meaning: Prime Minister (band) A prime minister is the leading member of the cabinet of the top level government in a parliamentary system of government of a country, alternatively A prime minister is an official in a presidential system or semi-presidential system whose duty is to execute the... The Marāthās (Marathi: , also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a the expansive Maratha Empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries. ... Flag of the Maratha Empire Extent of the Maratha Empire ca. ... Events While in debtors prison, John Cleland writes Fanny Hill (Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure). ... Year 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Flag of the Maratha Empire Extent of the Maratha Empire ca. ... 1760 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ... Year 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Title

The word Peshwa may have originated in Persian, meaning "foremost", and was introduced in Deccan by the Muslim rulers. After his coronation as a Maratha Chhatrapati in 1674, the founder of the Maratha Empire, Shivaji appointed Moropant Trimbak Pingle as the first Peshwa. However, the first Peshwa was Sonopant Dabir, appointed by Shahaji to assist Shivaji. Duties and authorities of a Peshwa were equal to that of a Prime Minister.Shivaji maharaj renamed this designation as “Pantpradhan” in 1674 but this name was less frequently used. Farsi redirects here. ... The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ... Flag of the Maratha Empire Extent of the Maratha Empire ca. ... Shivaji Bhosle, also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhosle (Marathi: छत्रपती शिवाजीराजे भोसले) (Born:February 19, 1627, Died: March 4, 1680) was the founder of Maratha empire in western India in 1674. ... Moropant Pingale was the first Prime Minister or Peshwa in court of Shivaji. ... Shivaji Bhosle, also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhosle (Marathi: छत्रपती शिवाजीराजे भोसले) (Born:February 19, 1627, Died: March 4, 1680) was the founder of Maratha empire in western India in 1674. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ...

RamchandraPant Amatya Bawadekar

Ramchandra Amatya got King status from Chatrapti Rajaram as “Hukumatpanha” during 1689-1699 He was basically a good administrator who rose from Local Kulkarni Level to later in ranks of Ashtapradhan only because of guidance and support from Shivaji Maharaj. This is one of the prominent peshwa earlier from 1700. Kulkarni(कुलकर्णी/कुळकर्णी) is a common family name in the Karnataka and Maharashtra states of India. ...

He recaptured many forts from Moguls during 1690-1694. Some forts he captured personally using gorilla war techniques.When Chatrapati Rajaram fled to Jinji in 1689 then before leaving from Maharastra, he gave “ Hukumat panha” (King Status) to Pant. Ramchandra Pant managed entire state under many challenges like influx of Moguls, betrayals Vatandars, Scarcity of food. He with the help of Pantpratindhi, Sachiv, kept economic condition of Maratha State in proper way. He got tremendous military help from Santaji Ghorpade and Dhanaji Jadhav the great Maratha warriors. Many times he directly participated in war against Moguls or played a role of Shadow king in absence of Chatrapati Rajaram. Santaji Ghorpade was one of Sambhajis associates and a famous Maratha warrior. ...

In 1698, he happily stepped down from the post of “Hukumatpanha” and Rajaram offered this post his wife to Tarabai. Tarabai gave important position to Pant in senior administration of Maratha State. He wrote “Adnyapatra” मराठी: आज्ञापञ who have explained different techniques of war, maintance of forts and administration etc.

The concept of Adnyapatra (rules and steps) and wisdom and leadership of Tararani helped Maratha empire a lot in building foundation of state. As he was Loyal to Tararani than Shahu so he was sidelined after arrival of Shahu and later Peshawa post was given to Balaji Vishwanath in 1713. RamchandraPant died in 1716 on Panhala fort.

Bhat Family

The position moved to the Bhat family of Shrivardhan in the Konkan region, upon appointment of Balaji Vishwanath Bhat as Peshwa by the fourth Chattrapati Shahu in 1713. The appointment of his son, Baji Rao I as Peshwa in 1719 by Shahu made the position hereditary in the Bhat family, and also led to a rebellion by General Trimbak Rao Dhabade, the senapati (commander in chief), who thought that his father should have been appointed Peshwa. The followers of Baji and Trimbak clashed at the Battle of Bilhapur on April 1, 1731, and Trimbak was killed, giving the peshwas and the Bhat family unchallenged control over Maratha.^[1] Shahu, who also appointed Baji Rao's son as Peshwa in 1740, gave considerable authority to the Peshwas to command the Maratha armies, and they responded well during his reigns. It has been suggested that History of the Konkan be merged into this article or section. ... Balaji Vishwanath Bhat (1680 – April 2, 1719), better known as Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath, was the first of a series of hereditary Peshwas (Marathi for Prime Minister) hailing from the Bhatt family who gained effective control of the Maratha Empire during the eighteenth century. ... Shrimant Shahu Shivaji Raje Bhonsle Chhatrapati Maharaj (1682-1749) was the fourth ruler of the Maratha Empire created by his grandfather, Chhatrapati Shivaji, and was officially the Raja of Satara (now in state of Maharashtra, India). ... Year 1713 (MDCCXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Bajirao (1700-1740), was a powerful 18th century Maratha general. ... // Events January 23 - The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire April 25 - Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe June 10 - Battle of Glen Shiel Prussia conducts Europes first systematic census Miners in Falun, Sweden find an apparently petrified body of Fet-Mats Israelsson in an unused... is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events 10 Downing Street becomes the official residence of the United Kingdoms Prime Minister when Robert Walpole moves in. ... Events May 31 - Friedrich II comes to power in Prussia upon the death of his father, Friedrich Wilhelm I. October 20 - Maria Theresia of Austria inherits the Habsburg hereditary dominions (Austria, Bohemia, Hungary and present-day Belgium). ... The Marāthās (Marathi: , also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a the expansive Maratha Empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries. ...

At the time of his death in 1749, Shahu made the Peshwas his successors under such conditions. Shivaji's descendants, who remained as the titular Raja of Satara, were called Swami (Marathi:The real Owner) by the Peshwas who reported to them, and they were to seek guidance from the Raja. However, the Peshwa also became a ceremonial head of state after the battle of Panipat and the death of Madhavrao. Events While in debtors prison, John Cleland writes Fanny Hill (Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure). ... Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ... Madhavrao Peshwa (1745 – 1772) was the second son of Nanasaheb Peshwa. ...

Legacy

First Peshwa to receive king status was Ramchandra Pant Amatya Bawdekar in 1689 by Chatrapati Rajaram.The first Bhat family Peshwa was Balaji Vishwanath Bhat, a chitpavan Brahmin. He was succeeded as Peshwa by his son Baji Rao I, who never lost a battle. Baji Rao and his son, Balaji Baji Rao, oversaw the period of greatest Maratha expansion (see map at right), brought to an end by the Maratha's defeat by an Afghan army at the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761. The last Peshwa, Baji Rao II, was defeated by the British East India Company in the Battle of Khadki which was a part of Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-1818). The Peshwa's territory in central Maharashtra was annexed to the British East India Company's Bombay province, and he was pensioned off. // Majority of the Maratha empire Peshwes belonged to this community. ... The term Brahmin denotes both a member of the priestly class in the Hindu varna system, and a member of the highest caste in the caste system of Hindu society. ... Shrimant Baji Rao Balaji Bhatt (August 18, 1699- April 25, 1740), also known as Baji Rao I, was a noted general who served as Peshwa (Prime Minister) to the fourth Maratha Chhatrapati (Emperor) Shahu between 1719 until Baji Raos death. ... The Marāthās (Marathi: , also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a the expansive Maratha Empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... 1761 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Baji Rao II was the last Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy. ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ... The Battle of Khadki (Kirkee) took place on November 5th 1817 between the forces of the English East India Company and those of Bajirao II the Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy. ... The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817 - 1818) was a final and decisive conflict between Britain and the Maratha empire in India, which left Britain in control of most of India. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA:  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ... Bombay state is a former state of India. ...

The Peshwas

• Sonopant Dabir Period 1640-1652
• Shyampant Kulkarni-Ranzekar Period 1652-1657
• Moropant Trimbak Pingle Period 1657-1683
• Moreshwar Pingale 1683-1689
• RamchandraPant Amatya 1689-1708
• Bahiroji Pingale 1708-1711
• Parshuram Tribak Kulkarni 1711-1713
• Balaji Vishwanath (1713-2apr.1720) (b.1660, d. 2apr.1720)
• Peshwa Bajirao I (17 apr.1720-28 apr.1740) (b.18 aug.1700, d. 28 apr.1740)

From 1749 ,after death of Shahu , peshawa became head of maratha empire ,offcourse reporting to Chatrapati. Balaji Vishwanath Bhat (1680 – April 2, 1719), better known as Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath, was the first of a series of hereditary Peshwas (Marathi for Prime Minister) hailing from the Bhatt family who gained effective control of the Maratha Empire during the eighteenth century. ... Bajirao (1700-1740), was a powerful 18th century Maratha general. ...

• Balaji Bajirao (4 jul.1740-23 jun.1761) (b.8 dec.1721, d. 23 jun.1761)
• Madhavrao Peshwa (1761-18 nov.1772) (b.16 feb.1745, d. 18 nob.1772)

Hereafter they remained titular Nanasaheb Peshwa (also called Balaji Bajirao )(born 1720 or 1721 - Died 1761) was one of the Peshwas of the Maratha Empire. ... Madhavrao Peshwa (born 1745 - died 1772) was the second son of Nanasaheb Peshwa. ...

• Narayanrao Bajirao (13 dec.1772-30 aug.1773) (b.10 aug.1755, d. 30 aug.1773)
• Raghunathrao (5 dec.1773-1774) (b.18 aug.1734, d. 11 dec.1783)
• Sawai Madhava Rao II Narayan (1774-27 oct.1795) (b.18 apr.1774, d. 27 oct.1795)
• Baji Rao II (6 dec.1796-3 jun.1818) (d. 28 jan.1851)
• Nana Sahib (1 jul.1857-1858) (b.19 may.1825, d. 24 sep.1859)

Narayanrao Peshwa(born 1749 - 1773) became the Peshwa(1772-1773) after the death of Madhavrao Peshwa in 1772. ... Raghunathrao was the younger brother of Nanasaheb Peshwa. ... Madhavrao II (1774-1795) was peshwa of the Maratha kingdom in India, from a young age. ... Baji Rao II was the last Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy. ... For Peshwa Balaji Bajirao of Pune, see Nanasaheb Peshwa. ...

See also

• Kharda

Kharda is a place in the Indian state of Maharashtra. ...

References