Peter Stuyvesant
Stuyvesant circa 1660
Born	circa 1612 Weststellingwerf
Died	August 1672 Manhattan
Occupation	Director-General of New Netherland

Pieter Stuyvesant is also the name of a Dutch cigarette brand from Imperial Tobacco.

Pieter Stuyvesant (c. 1612 – August 1672) often Anglicized to Peter Stuyvesant, served as the last Dutch Director-General of the colony of New Netherland from 1647 until it was ceded provisionally to the English in 1664. He was a major figure in the early history of New York City. Image File history File links w:Peter Stuyvesant, Director-General of New Netherland, created ca. ... Events January 20 - Mathias becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Netherlands. ... Weststellingwerf is a municipality in the northern Netherlands. ... Events England, France, Munster and Cologne invade the United Provinces, therefore this name is know as ´het rampjaar´ (the disaster year) in the Netherlands. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Manhattan is a borough of New York City, New York, USA, coterminous with New York County. ... This is a list of Directors, appointed by the Dutch West India Company, of the 17th century Dutch province of New Netherland (Nieuw Nederland in Dutch) in North America. ... Imperial Tobacco Group PLC (LSE: IMT) is the largest tobacco manufacturer in the UK (the second largest UK based tobacco company by global sales after British American Tobacco). ... Events January 20 - Mathias becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... Events England, France, Munster and Cologne invade the United Provinces, therefore this name is know as ´het rampjaar´ (the disaster year) in the Netherlands. ... This is a list of Directors, appointed by the Dutch West India Company, of the 17th century Dutch province of New Netherland (Nieuw Nederland in Dutch) in North America. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Map based on Adriaen Blocks 1614 expedition to New Netherland, featuring the first use of the name. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Stuyvesant's accomplishments as director-general included a great expansion for the settlement of New Amsterdam (later renamed New York) beyond the southern tip of Manhattan. Among the projects built by Stuyvesant's administration were the protective wall on Wall Street, the canal that became Broad Street, and Broadway. New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was the name of the 17th century town which grew outside of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island in the New Netherland territory (1614–1674) which was situated between 38 and 42 degrees latitude as a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic since 1624. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Manhattan is a borough of New York City, New York, USA, coterminous with New York County. ... Elaborate marble facade of NYSE as seen from the intersection of Broad and Wall Streets For other uses, see Wall Street (disambiguation). ... A view of Broadway in 1909 Broadway, as the name implies, is a wide avenue in New York City. ...

Biography

He was born in Scherpenzeel, Peperga, in southern Friesland in the Netherlands, to Balthazar Johannes Stuyvesant, a minister, and Margaretha Hardenstein. The year of Pieter's birth is not known and is given as 1592,^[1] 1602,^[2] and 1612.^[3] He was the son of a minister, and he studied in Franeker, and entered military service in the West Indies about 1625, and was director of the Dutch West India Company's colony of Curaçao from 1634 to 1644. Weststellingwerf is a municipality in the northern Netherlands. ... Capital Leeuwarden Queens Commissioner drs. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      For other types of... Franeker (Frisian: Frjentsjer) is one of the eleven cities of Friesland. ... The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. ... Dutch West India Company (Dutch: West-Indische Compagnie or WIC) was a company of Dutch merchants. ... For other uses, see Curaçao (disambiguation). ...

In April 1644, he attacked the Portuguese island of Saint Martin and was wounded. He returned to the Netherlands, where his right leg was amputated and replaced with a wooden peg. In May of 1645 he was selected by the Dutch West India Company to replace Willem Kieft as Director-General of New Netherland. He arrived in New Amsterdam on May 11, 1647. In September 1647, he appointed a council of representatives. St. ... Dutch West India Company (Dutch: West-Indische Compagnie or WIC) was a company of Dutch merchants. ... Willem Kieft (1597-1647) was a Dutch merchant and director-general of New Netherland (of which New Amsterdam, later New York City, was the primary settlement), from 1638 until 1647. ... This is a list of Directors, appointed by the Dutch West India Company, of the 17th century Dutch province of New Netherland (Nieuw Nederland in Dutch) in North America. ... New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was the name of the 17th century town which grew outside of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island in the New Netherland territory (1614–1674) which was situated between 38 and 42 degrees latitude as a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic since 1624. ... is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1647 (MDCXLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ...

He married Judith Bayard (c. 1610-1687) in 1645. She was born in Holland, the sister of Samuel Bayard of Amsterdam, who was married to Anna Stuyvesant. Pieter and Judith had a son, Nicholas William Stuyvesant (1648-1698), who married Maria Beckman, the daughter of William Beckman. Holland is a region in the central-western part of the Netherlands with a population of 6. ...

Stuyvesant became involved in a dispute with Theophilus Eaton, the Governor of Connecticut, over the border of the two colonies. In 1648, a conflict started between him and Brant Arent Van Slechtenhorst, the commissary of the fort of Rensselaerwyck. Stuyvesant claimed he had power over Rensselaerwyck despite special privileges granted to Van Slechtenhorst in the charter of 1629. Theophilus Eaton (1590 – January 7, 1658) was a merchant, farmer, and British colonial leader who was the co-founder and first governor of New Haven Colony, Connecticut. ... The following is a list of Governors of the State of Connecticut, from the Colonial period through present day. ... Rensselaerwyck is the name of a colonial estate that was located in what is now New York, USA. The estate was land purchased by Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, a Dutch merchant and investor in the Dutch West India Company. ...

In 1649, Stuyvesant marched to Fort Orange with a military escort and ordered houses to be razed to permit a better defense of the fort in case of an attack of the Native Americans. When Van Slechtenhorst refused, Pieter sent a group of soldiers to enforce his orders. The controversy that followed resulted in the commissary's maintaining his rights and the director's losing popularity. Because of the controversy with Van Slechtenhorst, the States-General of the Netherlands commanded Stuyvesant to return to Holland; but Stuyvesant refused to obey, saying, "I shall do as I please." Fort Orange (Dutch: Fort Oranje ... Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska. ... The States-General (Staten-Generaal) is the parliament of the Netherlands. ...

In September 1650, a meeting of the commissioners on boundaries took place in Hartford, Connecticut. The border was arranged to the dissatisfaction of the council, who declared that "the governor had ceded away enough territory to found fifty colonies each fifty miles square." Stuyvesant then threatened to dissolve the council. A new plan of municipal government was arranged in Holland, and the name "New Amsterdam" was officially declared on 2 February 1653. Stuyvesant made a speech for the occasion, saying that his authority would remain undiminished. Nickname: Location in Hartford County, Connecticut Coordinates: , Country United States State Connecticut NECTA Hartford Region Capitol Region Named 1637 Incorporated (city) 1784 Consolidated 1896 Government  - Type Mayor-council  - Mayor Eddie Perez Area  - City  18. ... is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 2 - New Amsterdam (later renamed New York City) is incorporated. ...

Pieter was now ordered to Holland a second time, but the order was soon revoked on the declaration of war with England. Stuyvesant prepared against an attack by ordering the citizens to dig a ditch from the North River to the East River and to erect a fortification. New York City waterways: 1. ...

In 1665, he sailed into the Delaware River with a fleet of seven vessels and about 700 men and took possession of the colony of New Sweden, which he renamed "New Amstel". In his absence, New Amsterdam was attacked by Native Americans. For the Delaware River in Kansas, see Delaware River (Kansas) The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. ... New Sweden, or Nya Sverige, was a small Swedish settlement along the Delaware River on the Mid-Atlantic coast of North America. ...

In 1653, a convention of two deputies from each village in New Netherland demanded reforms, and Stuyvesant commanded this assembly to disperse, saying: "We derive our authority from God and the company, not from a few ignorant subjects."

In 1664, Charles II of England ceded to his brother, James II of England, a large tract of land that included New Netherland. Four English ships bearing 450 men, commanded by Richard Nicolls, seized the Dutch colony. On 30 August 1664, George Cartwright sent the governor a letter demanding surrender. He promised "life, estate, and liberty to all who would submit to the king's authority." Stuyvesant signed a treaty at his Bouwerie house on 9 September 1664. Nicolls was declared governor, and the city was renamed New York City. Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. ... James II of England (also known as James VII of Scotland; 14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) became King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685, and Duke of Normandy on 31 December 1660. ... Map based on Adriaen Blocks 1614 expedition to New Netherland, featuring the first use of the name. ... Richard Nicolls (born 1624 in Ampthill, Bedfordshire; died May 28, 1672 on the North Sea, off Suffolk) was the first American colonial governor of New York. ... is the 242nd day of the year (243rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March 12 - New Jersey becomes a colony of England. ... is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March 12 - New Jersey becomes a colony of England. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...

In 1665, Stuyvesant went to Holland to report on his term as governor. On his return, he spent the remainder of his life on his farm of sixty-two acres outside the city, called the Great Bouwerie, beyond which stretched the woods and swamps of the village of Haarlem. A pear-tree that he brought from Holland in 1647 remained at the corner of Thirteenth Street and Third Avenue until 1867, bearing fruit almost to the last. The house was destroyed by fire in 1777. He also built an executive mansion of stone called Whitehall. He died in August of 1672 and he was interred at St Mark's Church in-the-Bowery in Manhattan. The name Whitehall in the context of Manhattan originally referred to Peter Stuyvesants grand residence at the southern tip of Manhattan Island, a name given to it by the British when they took over New Amsterdam from the Dutch. ... St Marks Church in-the-Bowery Exterior detail of painted pediment (HABS photo) St. ...

Religion in New Amsterdam

Convinced that rapid growth of non-Christian as well as non-reformed Christian churches would overrun the predominant church and endanger the stability of the young colonial society, director general and council sought to bolster the position of the Dutch Reformed Church by trying to reduce religious competition from denominations, such as Jews, Lutherans, Catholics and Quakers. However, religious plurality was already a legal-cultural tradition in New Netherland as it was in the motherland. The directors of the West India Company in Amsterdam, Stuyvesant's superiors, overruled him in all matters of intolerance by reprimanding him and requiring him to revoke intolerant rulings which the director general and his council had taken, particularly the rather harsh measures against the Quakers, who were considered anarchistic agitators and a threat to the public order due to their non-conformist and vociferously proselytizing ways. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ... -1...

Jews were allowed to become legal residents on the basis of "reason and equity" in 1655 under Stuyvesant's rule, despite the initial objections of some members of the Dutch Reformed Church Council of which Stuyvesant was a member.

Legacy

• Stuyvesant was a great believer in education. In 1660 he was quoted as saying that “Nothing is of greater importance than the early instruction of youth”. In 1661, New Amsterdam had one grammar school, two free elementary schools, and had licensed 28 masters of school. To honor Stuyvesant's dedication to education and New Amsterdam's legal-cultural tradition of toleration under Stuyvesant, Stuyvesant High School in Manhattan was named after him, in spite of his initial objections to the arrival, in 1654, of a large group of Sephardim from Dutch Brazil without West India Company passports. Stuyvesant High School was a predominantly Jewish school for boys at the time of its founding in 1904.

• Stuyvesant and his family were large land owners in the northeastern portion of New Amsterdam, and the Stuyvesant name is currently associated with the Stuyvesant Town housing complex and Stuyvesant High School (where he is fondly known as "Pegleg Pete" and the football team is called the Peglegs in his honor), among other locations. This farm, called the "Bouwerij" (the seventeenth-century Dutch word for farm, which was also used for other farms in New Netherland) was the source for the name of the Manhattan street Bowery, and the chapel facing Bouwerie's long approach road (now Stuyvesant Street) developed into St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery. Stuyvesant's grand official residence at the very tip of Manhattan was renamed "Whitehall" by the English and survives in another New York street name, Whitehall Street.

• More modestly, Peter Island in the British Virgin Islands is also named after Stuyvesant during the Dutch West India Company's administration of that Territory. Also named after him are the hamlets of Stuyvesant and Stuyvesant Falls in Columbia County, New York, where descendents of the early Dutch settlers still live and where the Dutch Reformed Church is still an important part of the community.

Stuyvesant High School, commonly referred to as Stuy, is a New York City public high school that specializes in mathematics and science. ... Manhattan is a borough of New York City, New York, USA, coterminous with New York County. ... In the strictest sense, a Sephardi (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew Səfardi, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדים, Standard Hebrew Səfardim, Tiberian Hebrew Səp̄ardîm) is a Jew original to the... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... View of central Manhattan from Stuyvesant Town. ... Stuyvesant High School, commonly referred to as Stuy, is a New York City public high school that specializes in mathematics and science. ... The Bowery is a well-known street in Manhattan that more or less marks the boundary between Chinatown and Little Italy on one side and the Lower East Side on the other—running from Chatham Square in the south to Astor Place in the north. ... Stuyvesant Street is one of the oldest streets in New York City. ... St Marks Church in-the-Bowery St. ... The name Whitehall in the context of Manhattan originally referred to Peter Stuyvesants grand residence at the southern tip of Manhattan Island, a name given to it by the British when they took over New Amsterdam from the Dutch. ... Abbey Road in London A street name or odonym is an identifying name given to a street. ... Peter Island was discovered by Christopher Columbus while he was exploring the area around the Virgin Islands. ...

Trivia

• Prior to his appointment as Director-General of New Netherland, Stuyvesant was a Dutch West India Company director in charge of the so-called 'abc islands' of Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao. For the latter he had been appointed as Governor. He lost his right leg in a battle with the Spanish over the island of Saint Maarten and wore a pegleg for most of his adult life, leading the Native Americans to dub him "Father Wooden Leg".

• Stuyvesant is credited with introducing tea to the United States.

• The last direct descendant of Pieter Stuyvesant to bear his surname was Augustus van Horne Stuyvesant, Jr., who died a bachelor in 1953 at the age of 83 in his Cass Gilbert-designed mansion at 2 East 79th Street. Rutherford Stuyvesant, the 19th century New York developer, and his descendants are also descended from Pieter Stuyvesant. However, Rutherford Stuyvesant changed his name from Stuyvesant Rutherford in 1863 to satisfy the terms of a will.^[2] Other descendants of Stuyvesant include Hamilton Fish and Tom Kean, both governors of New Jersey and musician Loudon Wainwright III, and his son Rufus Wainwright. Descendants of Pieter Stuyvesant's sister included Congressman James A. Bayard, actor Michael Douglas, and poet Harry Crosby.

• A Dutch cigarette brand is named Pieter Stuyvesant after him. These are popular in Australia, Greece and South Africa, where they are known as 'Stuyvos' and 'Stuyvies' respectively.

• Stuyvesant was given the nickname "Old Silver Nails" because he used as a prosthetic limb a stick of wood driven full of silver nails.^[4]

• In Sid Meier's Colonization computer game, Stuyvesant can be elected to the Continental Congress, allowing the player to build Custom Houses which automate trade with the mother country.

Map based on Adriaen Blocks 1614 expedition to New Netherland, featuring the first use of the name. ... Dutch West India Company (Dutch: West-Indische Compagnie or WIC) was a company of Dutch merchants. ... Anthem: Tera di Solo y suave biento Capital (and largest city) Kralendijk Official languages Dutch Government See Politics of the Netherlands Antilles  - Bonaire Administrator  - Governor of N.A. Frits Goedgedrag Constitutional monarchy part of the Netherlands Antilles  Area  - Total 288 km² 111 sq mi  Population  - 2001 census 10,791  - Density... For other uses, see Curaçao (disambiguation). ... Saint Martin - NASA NLT Landsat 7 (Visible Color) Satellite Image Flag of Sint Maarten Saint Martin is a tropical island in the northeast Caribbean, approximately 150 miles east of Puerto Rico. ... A pegleg is a type of artificial limb (Prosthesis). ... Tea leaves in a Chinese gaiwan. ... Woolworth Building (New York City), was the worlds tallest building at the time it was built, in 1909. ... Hamilton Fish Hamilton Fish, (3 August 1808–7 September 1893), born in New York City, was an American statesman who served as Governor of New York, United States Senator and United States Secretary of State. ... Thomas Howard Kean (born April 21, 1935) is an American Republican Party politician, who served as the 48th Governor of New Jersey, from 1982 to 1990. ... Jon Corzine 54th Governor of New Jersey; Incumbent Christine Christie Todd Whitman, the first female governor of New Jersey The Governor of New Jersey is the chief executive of the U.S. state of New Jersey. ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  Ranked 47th  - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 km²)  - Width 70 miles (110 km)  - Length 150 miles (240 km)  - % water 14. ... Loudon Wainwright III (born September 5, 1946 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina) is an American songwriter, folk singer, humorist, and actor. ... Rufus McGarrigle Wainwright (born July 22, 1973) is a Canadian-American singer-songwriter. ... James Asheton Bayard (July 28, 1767 – August 6, 1815) was an American lawyer and politician from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware. ... For other people bearing this name, see Michael Douglas (disambiguation). ... Harry Crosby (June 4, 1898 – December 10, 1929) was an American heir, bon vivant, poet, and for some, an exemplar of the Lost Generation in American literature. ... Two unlit filtered cigarettes. ... A United States soldier demonstrates Foosball with two prosthetic limbs In medicine, a prosthesis is an artificial extension that replaces a missing part of the body. ... Colonization is a computer game by Brian Reynolds and Sid Meier released by Microprose in 1994. ...

References

• Encyclopaedia Britannica, Eleventh Edition (1911). Peter Stuyvesant. 
• Peabody, Michael D. (Nov/Dec 2005). "The Flushing Remonstrance". Liberty Magazine. 
• Abbott, John S. C. [1898] (2004). Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam. 

1. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition
2. ^ Appleton's Cyclopedia
3. ^ [1] (in Dutch). The birth year is often given as 1592, but recent research of primary sources suggest 1612 to be more probable.
4. ^ Peter Stuyvesant, 1646-1664. Jersey City: Past and Present Project. Retrieved on 2006-11-01.

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 60 days remaining. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Peter Stuyvesant

• Appleton's Biography edited by Stanley L. Klos