Is a doctrine that states the bishop of Rome (i.e. the pope) holds supreme authority over the other bishops of the Roman Catholic Church. This assertion is grounded in the New TestamentGospel of Matthew 16:15-19. It is in these verses that Jesus gives "the keys of the kingdom of heaven" to Peter. Traditionally, Peter is seen as the first bishop of Rome, and this doctrine states his successors, the bishops or Rome, inherit this authority. By the end of the fourth century A.D. the bishops of Rome were using the title of papa or "father", which became the English word pope. The Roman Catholic Church, also called the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian body in the world. ... The New Testament, sometimes called the Greek Testament or Greek Scriptures is the name given to the part of the Christian Bible that was written after the birth of Jesus. ... The Gospel of Matthew (literally: according to Matthew, Greek: kata Maththaion) is one of the four Gospel accounts of the New Testament. ... The Pope is the Catholic Bishop and patriarch of Rome, and head of the Catholic Church. ...
Pope Leo I was especially emphatic about expanding this concept of papal supremecy, portraying himself as the heir to Peter. Pope Saint Leo I, or Leo the Great, a Roman aristocrat, was Pope from 440 to 461. ...
The claim of Petrinesupremacy and (by virtue of Peter’s connection to Rome) Roman supremacy, is based on Matthew 16:18–19.
This intermingling of powers was a determining condition in the struggle between church and state that was a main theme in the history of the West in the Middle Ages.
By crowning (800) Charlemagne, Leo III at once sponsored the empire and sanctioned the creation of a state which, as the Roman Empire (see Holy Roman Empire), was to be the chief antagonist of the papacy for centuries.
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