Petrovaradin Fortress, on the Danube river, overlooking Novi Sad

Petrovaradin Fortress (Serbian: Петроварадинска тврђава or Petrovaradinska tvrđava, Hungarian: Péterváradi vár) is a fortress on the Danube river, near Novi Sad (Hungarian: Újvidék) in the Serbian province of Vojvodina (Hungarian: Délvidék). The cornerstone of the present-day southern part of the fortress was laid on October 18, 1692, by Prince Croy. Petrovaradin Fortress has many underground passages as well (16 Km of underground countermine system). Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x979, 238 KB) Beschreibung Description: Citadel Petrovaradin in Novi Sad, Serbia Source: self-made Date: created 09. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x979, 238 KB) Beschreibung Description: Citadel Petrovaradin in Novi Sad, Serbia Source: self-made Date: created 09. ... Length 2,888 km Elevation of the source 1,078 m Average discharge 30 km before Passau: 580 m³/s Vienna: 1,900 m³/s Budapest: 2,350 m³/s just before Delta: 6,500 m³/s Area watershed 817,000 km² Origin Black Forest (Schwarzwald-Baar, Baden- Württemberg... For other uses, see Novi Sad (disambiguation). ... Serbian (; ) is one of the standard versions of the Shtokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs in the Serbian diaspora. ... This article is about the Danube River. ... For other uses, see Novi Sad (disambiguation). ... Not to be confused with Republika Srpska. ... Vojvodina (red) is one of Serbias two autonomous provinces Capital (and largest city) Novi Sad Official languages Ethnic groups  2. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 13 - Massacre of Glencoe March 1 - The Salem witch trials begin in Salem Village, Massachusetts Bay Colony with the charging of three women with witchcraft. ... The Petrovaradin fortress countermine system In 1762, the Austrians lost Schweidnitz Fortress to the Prussian army, in part, because they were not able to fight well underground. ... KM, Km, or km may stand for: Khmer language (ISO 639 alpha-2, km) Kilometre Kinemantra Meditation Knowledge management KM programming language KM Culture, Korean Movie Maker. ... A siege is a prolonged military blockade and assault of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition. ...

History

Recent archeological discoveries have offered a new perspective not only on the history of Petrovaradin, but on the entire region. At the Upper Fortress, the remains of an earlier Paleolithic settlement dating from 19,000 to 15,000 B.C. has been discovered. With this new development it has been established that there has been a continuous settlement at this site from the Paleolithic age to the present. During the excavations carried out in 2005, archeologists also discovered another significant find. Examining remains from the early Bronze age (circa 3000 B.C.), ramparts were discovered which testify that already at that time a fortified settlement existed at the Petrovaradin site. Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. ... // The Paleolithic is a prehistoric era distinguished by the development of stone tools. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Bronze Age is a period in a civilizations development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze. ...

The first larger fortifications were created with the arrival of the Romans who built the fortress (Cusum) which was a part of the fortified borders (Limes) along the Danube. For the fortification of food, see Food fortification. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... The limes Germanicus, 2nd century. ...

The turning point in the history of the area came in 1235 when King Bela IV of Hungary brought a group of the Order of Cistercians from France. This order of monks built the monastery Belakut upon the remains of the Roman fortress of Cusum. The walls of this monastery were built between 1247 and 1252 and represent the fortifications at this sight during the middle ages. Events Anglo-Norman invasion of Connacht St. ... Béla IV c. ... Cistercians coat of arms The Order of Cistercians (OCist) (Latin: ), otherwise White Monks (from the colour of the habit, over which a black scapular or apron is sometimes worn) is a Roman Catholic order of enclosed monks. ... Events Shams ad-Din disappears resulting in Jalal Uddin Rumi writing 30,000 verses of poetry about his disappearance. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ...

The fortress was strengthened due to the threat of Turkish invasion. However the fortress fell after a two week siege in 1526. A siege is a prolonged military blockade and assault of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition. ... January 14 - Treaty of Madrid. ...

Austrian-Turkish wars

The Austrian Army captured Petrovaradin after 150 years of Turkish control during the Great Turkish War in 1687. The Austrians began to tear down the old fortress and build new fortifications according to contemporary standards. The Great Turkish War refers to a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and contemporary European powers, then joined into a Holy League, during the second half of the 17th century. ... Events March 19 - The men under explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle murder him while searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River. ...

In 1692, the Krieghofrath ordered engineers to Petrovaradin to investigate the area in order to build a new fortress. Count Keysersfeld received both financial and personnel support. Events February 13 - Massacre of Glencoe March 1 - The Salem witch trials begin in Salem Village, Massachusetts Bay Colony with the charging of three women with witchcraft. ...

The first plans for the fortress were designed by the engineer Colonel Count Mathias Keyserfeld, and afterwards by Count Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli (1659-1730). The works in the field were led by the engineer Colonel Michael Wamberg who died in 1703 and was buried in the church of the Franciscan monastery which today serves as part of the present day military hospital. Count Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli (or Marsili) (Lat. ... // Events May 25 - Richard Cromwell resigns as Lord Protector of England following the restoration of the Long Parliament, beginning a second brief period of the republican government called the Commonwealth. ... Events Pope Clement XII elected September 17 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed III (1703-1730) to Mahmud I (1730-1754) Anna Ivanova (Anna I of Russia) became czarina Births April 16 - Henry Clinton, British general (d. ... Events February 2 - Earthquake in Aquila, Italy February 4 - In Japan, the 47 samurai commit seppuku (ritual suicide) February 14 - Earthquake in Norcia, Italy April 21 - Company of Quenching of Fire (ie. ... The Order of Friars Minor and other Franciscan movements are disciples of Saint Francis of Assisi. ...

On September 9, 1694, the Grand Vezier Surmeli Ali-Pasha arrived at Petrovaradin Fortress from Belgrade. A siege of 23 days was laid on, however poor weather conditions in October forced the Turkish forces to retreat towards Belgrade with their task left unfinished. is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 6 - The colony Quilombo dos Palmares is destroyed. ... For other uses, see Belgrade (disambiguation). ...

The victory of the Austrians under the command of Prince Eugene of Savoy at Senta on September 11, 1697 resulted in creating the conditions for the conclusion of the peace at Karlowitz in 1699. Prince Eugen von Savoyen in a contemporary painting François-Eugène, Prince of Savoy-Carignan, known as Prinz Eugen von Savoyen in German and Eugenio, Principe di Savoia in Italian (October 18, 1663 – April 24, 1736) was arguable the greatest general to serve the Habsburgs. ... Senta, City Hall The tower of the City Hall The bridge across Tisa River in Senta Senta (Serbian: Сента or Senta, Hungarian: Zenta, Romanian: Zenta, German: Senta) is a town and municipality on the bank of the Tisa river in the Vojvodina province, Serbia. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events September 11 - Battle of Zenta, Prince Eugene of Savoy crushed Ottoman army of Mustafa II September 20 - The Treaty of Ryswick December 2 – St Pauls Cathedral opened in London Peter the Great travels in Europe officially incognito as artilleryman Pjotr Mikhailov Use of palanquins increases in Europe Christopher... DOGGYS! ... Events January 26 - Treaty of Karlowitz signed March 30 - the tenth Sikh Master, Guru Gobind Singh created the Khalsa. ...

A new war with the Turks was imminent. The Austrian lack of interest in war, plus the war reparations suggested by the Austrians to the Turks in the interest of the Venetian Republic all served as reasons for the renewal of Turkish aggression towards Austria. In order to prepare for the upcoming battle, Prince Savoy ordered the concentration of Austrian troops around Futog under the temporary command of Count Johan Palffy. Prince Savoy arrived personally on July 9. The entire Austrian army numbered 76,000 troops. In the meantime, the Turkish army concentrated 150,000 troops at Belgrade. The decisive battle between the Austrian and Turkish armies took place on August 5, 1716 at Petrovaradin. The Austrians were led by Prince Savoy and the Turks were under the command of Grand Vizier Damad Ali Pasha. The victory of the Austrian army signaled the end of the Turkish threat to central Europe. Venetia is a name used mostly in a historical context for the area of north-eastern Italy formerly under the control of the Republic of Venice and corresponding approximately to the present-day Italian administrative regions of the Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia. ... Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Heart of Jesus Catholic Church The Catholic Church, another view Map of Novi Sad City with the surrounding inhabited places, showing the location of Futog Futog (Serbian: Futog or Футог, Croatian: Futog, Hungarian: Futak, German: Futok) is a town in Serbia, in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. ... is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events August 5 - In the Battle of Peterwardein 40. ... Central Europe The Alpine Countries and the Visegrád Group (Political map, 2004) Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ...

Further works

New plans were developed in 1751 and major works began in 1753 and lasted until 1776. When these works were under way, engineer Major Albrecht Heinrich Schroeder proposed a branched system of anti-mine tunnels to the High Military Council in early 1764. In March of the same year the plan was approved, but their construction was delayed for a number of years. During his visit to the Petrovaradin Fortress in May, 1768, Kaiser Joseph II observed a military exercise with mine equipment carried out in his honor. The construction of this system of tunnels, having four levels, was completed in 1776 and the total length of the system was 16 kilometers (10 miles). Events Adam Smith is appointed professor of logic at the University of Glasgow March 25 - For the last time, New Years Day is legally on March 25 in England and Wales. ... 1753 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see 1776 (disambiguation). ... 1764 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Joseph II may refer to either: Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, Orthodox Patriarch of Constantinople This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... For other uses, see 1776 (disambiguation). ...

In the 19th and 20th centuries

After the completion of the Petrovaradin Fortress, there was never any further threat from Turkish forces. The last offensive military role the fortress was to play was during the Hungarian Revolution in 1849, when Austrian troops tried to force the Fortress to surrender after a blockade. The answer came in the form of the shelling of Novi Sad on June 12, when two-thirds of the city was destroyed. Year 1849 (MDCCCXLIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Novi Sad (disambiguation). ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

During the following period, the fortress served as a military barracks and storage facility. Following World War I, Petrovaradin became a part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Later known as Yugoslavia). “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Languages Serbian Religions Predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christian Related ethnic groups Other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs See Cognate peoples below (* many Serbs opted for Yugoslav ethnicity) [27] Serbs (Serbian: Срби or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in... Languages Croatian Religions Predominantly Roman Catholic Related ethnic groups Slavs South Slavs Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in the Latin alphabet, Југославија in Cyrillic; English: South Slavia, or literary The Land of South Slavs) describes three political entities that existed one at a time on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe, during most of the 20th century. ...

During these years, the old fortresses at Belgrade, Osijek, Karlovac and Slavonski Brod which were built in the 17th century were razed due to the fact that they had lost their military significance. The engineer Colonel Dragos Djelosevic, who was responsible for the destruction of the fortresses decided to save Petrovaradin because it was, to him, far too beautiful to suffer the fate of the other fortresses. Ironically, it was due to the man in charge of destroying the old fortresses that the fortress at Petrovaradin remained intact. Osijek (pronounced: []) is the fourth largest city in Croatia with a population of 114,616 in 2001. ... Karlovac (Croatia) Karlovac municipality within Karlovac county Karlovac Karlovac (German: Karlstadt or Carlstadt, Hungarian: Károlyváros and sometimes in Croatian, Marinograd) is a city and municipality in central Croatia. ... Slavonski Brod is the sixth largest city in Croatia, with a population of 64,612 in 2001. ...

EXIT festival

Main article: Exit festival

EXIT festival is an annual summer music festival in Petrovaradin Fortress. It is staged the fort since 2001. Ever since, it grew from biggest festival in South-East Europe, to the best one in Europe in 2007. Garbage, Fatboy Slim, Franz Ferdinand, Morrissey, Billy Idol, Pet Shop Boys, The Cardigans, HIM, Robert Plant, The Prodigy, Beastie Boys, Lauryn Hill, Basement Jaxx, Snoop Dogg, Wu-Tang Clan are just few names that performed on EXIT fetival. EXIT (also known as State of EXIT) is an annual summer music festival in Petrovaradin fortress of Novi Sad, Serbia. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... FatBoy Slim (born Quentin Leo Cook on July 31, 1963,[1] also known as Norman Cook) is a British big beat musician. ... Franz Ferdinand are an award winning rock band, from Glasgow, Scotland. ... For other uses, see Morrissey (disambiguation). ... Billy Idol (born William Michael Albert Broad) is an British musician and singer. ... Pet Shop Boys are a Grammy Award nominated British synthpop/pop music/electronic music duo, consisting of Neil Tennant who provides main vocals, keyboards and very occasionally guitar, and Chris Lowe on keyboards and occasionally on vocals. ... The Cardigans are a Swedish band formed in the town of Jönköping in 1992. ... This article refers to the Finnish band. ... Robert Anthony Plant (born August 20, 1948, West Bromwich, West Midlands, England), is an English rock singer and songwriter, famous for his membership in the rock band Led Zeppelin as the lead vocalist, as well as for his successful solo career. ... The Prodigy (or just Prodigy)[1] are an English band. ... The Beastie Boys are a hip hop musical group from New York City consisting of Michael Mike D Diamond, Adam MCA Yauch, Adam Ad-Rock Horovitz. ... Lauryn Noel Hill (born May 25, 1975) is an American singer, rapper, musician, record producer and film actress. ... Basement Jaxx is a critically acclaimed UK house music duo, comprising Felix Buxton and Simon Ratcliffe, that rose to popularity in the late 1990s. ... Calvin Cordozar Broadus, Jr. ... Wu-Tang redirects here. ...

Gallery

References

See also

• Novi Sad
• Petrovaradin
• EXIT (festival)
• List of fortresses in Serbia

For other uses, see Novi Sad (disambiguation). ... Petrovaradin Petrovaradin (Serbian: Петроварадин or Petrovaradin; Croatian: Petrovaradin; Hungarian: Pétervárad; German: Peterwardein; Turkish Petervaradin]), formerly a fortified town, is part of the agglomeration of Novi Sad in Serbia (population 13,917 in 2002). ... EXIT (also known as State of EXIT) is an annual summer music festival in Petrovaradin fortress of Novi Sad, Serbia. ... List of fortresses in Serbia: Categories: ...

External links

• Petrovaradin Fortress online
• About the Petrovaradin Fortress
• City of Novi Sad