NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Pfizer

Pfizer Incorporated (NYSE: PFE) is a major pharmaceutical company, which ranks number one in the world in sales^[2]. The company is based in New York City. It produces the number-one selling drug Lipitor (atorvastatin, used to lower blood cholesterol); the neuropathic pain/fibromyalgia drug Lyrica (pregabalin); the oral antifungal medication Diflucan (fluconazole), the long-acting antibiotic Zithromax (azithromycin), the well-known erectile dysfunction drug Viagra (sildenafil citrate), and the anti inflammatory Celebrex (celecoxib) (also known as Celebra in some countries outside USA and Canada, mainly in South America). This article does not cite any references or sources. ... New York Stock Exchange (June 2003) The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is one of the largest stock exchanges in the world. ... For other meanings, see Brooklyn (disambiguation). ... This article is about the state. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... This article is about the state. ... Jeff Kindler is the CEO of the Pfizer corporation. ... Ian Read is an English Pagan Folk musician and who has long been a seminal figure in the European dark folk community. ... A physician visiting the sick in a hospital. ... Quinapril (or Accupril Â®) is an ACE inhibitor used to control blood pressure. ... Atorvastatin (INN) (IPA: ) is a member of the drug class known as statins, used for lowering cholesterol and thereby reducing cardiovascular disease. ... Sildenafil citrate, sold under the names Viagra, Revatio and generically under various other names, is a drug used to treat male erectile dysfunction (impotence) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), developed by the pharmaceutical company Pfizer. ... For the tax agency in Ireland of the same name, see Revenue Commissioners. ... USD redirects here. ... Net income is equal to the income that a firm has after subtracting costs and expenses from the total revenue. ... USD redirects here. ... This article is about work. ... Look up slogan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), nicknamed the Big Board, is a New York City-based stock exchange. ... A pharmaceutical company, or drug company, is a commercial business whose focus is to research, develop, market and/or distribute drugs, most commonly in the context of healthcare. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Atorvastatin (INN) (IPA: ) is a member of the drug class known as statins, used for lowering cholesterol and thereby reducing cardiovascular disease. ... Pregabalin (brand name: LyricaÂ®) is a new anticonvulsant drug indicated as an add on therapy for partial onset seizures and for certain types of neuropathic pain. ... Fluconazole (INN) (IPA: ) is a triazole antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections. ... Azithromycin is an azalide, a subclass of macrolide antibiotics. ... // ... Sildenafil citrate, sold under the names Viagra, Revatio and generically under various other names, is a drug used to treat male erectile dysfunction (impotence) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), developed by the pharmaceutical company Pfizer. ... Celecoxib (INN) (IPA: ) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, painful menstruation and menstrual symptoms, and to reduce numbers of colon and rectum polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956â€“present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic - President George W. Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized...

Pfizer's shares were made a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average on April 8, 2004. See stock (disambiguation) for other meanings of the term stock A stock, also referred to as a share, is commonly a share of ownership in a corporation. ... Linear graph of the DJIA from 1901 until today Logarithmic graph of the DJIA from 1901 until today The Dow Jones Industrial Average (NYSE: DJI, also called the DJIA, Dow 30, or informally the Dow Jones or The Dow) is one of several stock market indices created by nineteenth-century... April 8 is the 98th day of the year (99th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

With 2005 actual spending of $7.4 billion in research & development (R&D), Pfizer boasts the industry's largest pharmaceutical R&D organization: Pfizer Global Research and Development.

History

Pfizer is named after German-American cousins Charles Pfizer and Charles Erhardt who launched their chemicals business Charles Pfizer and Company from a building at the intersection of Harrison Avenue and Barlett Street^[3] in Williamsburg, Brooklyn in 1849. There, they produced an antiparasitic called santonin. This was an immediate success, although it was the production of citric acid that really kick-started Pfizer's growth in the 1880s. Pfizer continued to buy property to expand its lab and factory on the block bounded by Bartlett Street; Harrison Avenue; Gerry Street; and Flushing Avenue. That facility is still utilized for backshop purposes. Pfizer established its original administrative headquarters at 81 Maiden Lane in Manhattan^[3]. German Americans (German Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of ethnic German ancestry and currently form the largest ancestry group in the United States, accounting for 17% of the U.S. population. ... Charles Pfizer (1824 â€“ 1906) was an American chemist. ... Williamsburg is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, bordering Greenpoint, Bed-Stuy, and Bushwick. ... Portions of this article or section may be outdated. ... Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in citrus fruits. ...

By 1910, sales totaled nearly $3 million, and Pfizer became established as an expert in fermentation technology. These skills were applied to the mass production of penicillin during World War II, in response to an appeal from the U.S. government. The antibiotic was urgently needed to treat injured Allied soldiers, and it soon became known as "the miracle drug". In fact, most of the penicillin that went ashore with the troops on D-Day was made by Pfizer. For other uses, see Fermentation. ... Penicillin core structure Penicillin (abbreviated PCN) is a group of Î²-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Land on Normandy In military parlance, D-Day is a term often used to denote the day on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. ...

By the 1950s, Pfizer was established in Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Iran, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

During the 1980s and 1990s Pfizer underwent a period of growth sustained by the discovery and marketing of multiple successful drugs (Zoloft, Lipitor, Norvasc, Zithromax, Aricept, Diflucan, Viagra). Sertraline hydrochloride (Zoloft®, Lustral®, Apo-Sertral®, Asentra®, Gladem®, Serlift®, Stimuloton®) is an orally administered antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) type. ... In medicine and pharmacology, atorvastatin (Lipitor® or atorvastatin calcium) is a member of the drug class of statins, used for lowering cholesterol and thereby preventing cardiovascular disease. ... See amlodipine. ... Azithromycin is the first macrolide antibiotic belonging to the azalide group. ... Aricept is a drug which is used in an attempt to delay the progression of Alzheimers Disease. ... Diflucan is an antifungal drug, FDA-approved, that is for treating and preventing Candidiasis in the vagina, mouth, esophagus and other parts of the body. ... // ...

Corporate Structure

Current members of the board of directors of Pfizer are: Michael S. Brown, M. Anthony Burns, Robert Burt, Don Cornwell, William H. Gray, Constance Horner, William Howell, Stanley Ikenberry, Jeff Kindler (chairman), George Lorch, Dana Mead, Ruth J. Simmons, and William Steere. Chairman of the Board redirects here. ... Dr. Michael S. Brown (b. ... Dr. Robert Burt (1873-1955), was the son of freed slaves who completed medical school at Meharry Medical College in Nashville, Tennessee, with honors in 1897. ... William Herbert Gray III (August 20, 1941-) served as president and chief executive officer of the United Negro College Fund (1991-2004). ... William Peter Howell (born December 29, 1869, Penrith, New South Wales. ... Jeff Kindler is the CEO of the Pfizer corporation. ... Ruth J. Simmons (born 1945 in Grapeland, Texas), is the 18th president of Brown University and first black president of an Ivy League institution. ...

Pfizer is organized into four divisions: Human Health ($44.28B in 2005 sales), Consumer Healthcare ($3.87B in 2005 sales), Animal Health ($2.2B in 2005 sales), and Corporate Groups (which includes legal, finance, and HR). On June 26, 2006, Pfizer announced that it would sell its Consumer Healthcare unit (famous for well-known brands like Listerine, Nicorette, Visine, Sudafed and Neosporin) to Johnson & Johnson for $16.6B.^[4] Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the job of having the ultimate executive responsibility or authority within an organization or corporation. ... Jeff Kindler is the CEO of the Pfizer corporation. ... Ian Read is an English Pagan Folk musician and who has long been a seminal figure in the European dark folk community. ... Various Listerine products Listerine is a brand name for antiseptic mouthwash. ... Nicorette is a branded over-the-counter palliative treatment which is used to ameliorate the withdrawal effects involved in quitting smoking. ... A bottle of VisineÂ® Original VisineÂ® is a brand of eye drops produced by Johnson & Johnson. ... Sudafed is a brand name and registered trademark for a family of over-the-counter (OTC) decongestants based on pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and manufactured by Pfizer Inc. ... Image of the Neosporin product. ... Johnson & Johnson (NYSE: JNJ) is a global American pharmaceutical, medical devices and consumer packaged goods manufacturer founded in 1886. ...

Merger and acquisition activity

Pfizer was relatively conservative with regard to mega-mergers through stock-for-stock transactions through most of its history until 2000. In that year, William Steere retired from the company and was succeeded by Henry McKinnell. As can be noted with any stock analysis tool, Pfizer's per share price (adjusted for splits) went from about $50 to $30 from 1999 to 2006 during McKinnell's tenure. With roughly 7 billion shares outstanding, this reflects a loss in value of $140 billion under McKinnell's leadership pursuing a strategy of growth via stock for stock acquisition. Many industry analysts, however, criticize McKinnell for diluting shareholder value with these expensive stock-for-stock acquisitions that obviously paid a premium for the underlying value of the acquired company. Furthermore, internal contributions to the pipeline did not replace declining value nor did these M&A activities. McKinnell received record compensation which he staunchly defended against critics. Henry McKinnell is the chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors of Pfizer Inc. ...

Warner-Lambert / Parke-Davis / Agouron

In 2000, Pfizer merged with Warner-Lambert and acquired full rights to Lipitor (atorvastatin), the blockbuster statin previously jointly marketed by Warner-Lambert and Pfizer. Warner-Lambert was based in Morris Plains, New Jersey, where the company's former headquarters became a major base of operations for Pfizer. The majority of the facility, and Pfizer's consumer healthcare department, was sold to Johnson and Johnson in 2006 for $16.6 billion dollars. Atorvastatin (INN) (IPA: ) is a member of the drug class known as statins, used for lowering cholesterol and thereby reducing cardiovascular disease. ... A blockbuster drug is a drug generating more than $1 billion of revenue for its owner each year. ... Lovastatin, the first statin to be marketed The statins (or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) form a class of hypolipidemic drugs used to lower cholesterol levels in people with or at risk of cardiovascular disease. ... The tone of this article is inappropriate for an encyclopedia. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Johnson & Johnson (NYSE: JNJ) is an international Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices manufacturer founded in 1885. ...

Parke-Davis was acquired by Warner-Lambert in 1970, which in turn was bought by Pfizer in 2000. The headquarters of Parke-Davis was sold several years ago. The Parke-Davis research facilities in Ann Arbor, Michigan are planned to close in 2008.

Agouron Pharmaceuticals was acquired by Warner Lambert in 1999 and is now a subsidiary of Pfizer. Nelfinavir (Viracept®), an antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), was developed by Agouron Pharmaceuticals as part of a joint venture with Japan Tobacco, Inc. Japan Tobacco Inc. ...

Pharmacia / Upjohn / Searle

Searle was founded in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1888. The founder was Gideon Daniel Searle. In 1908, the company was incorporated in Chicago. In 1941, the company established headquarters in Skokie, Illinois. It was acquired by the Monsanto company, headquartered in St. Louis, in 1985. The Monsanto Company (NYSE: MON) is a multinational agricultural biotechnology corporation. ... The Gateway Arch, shown here behind the Old Courthouse, is the most recognizable part of the St. ...

The Upjohn Company was a pharmaceutical manufacturing firm founded in 1886 in Kalamazoo, Michigan by Dr. William E. Upjohn, an 1875 graduate of the University of Michigan medical school. The company was originally formed to make friable pills, which were specifically designed to be easily digested. The Upjohn Company was a pharmaceutical manufacturing firm founded in 1886 by Dr. William E. Upjohn in Kalamazoo, Michigan. ... Kalamazoo redirects here. ... Dr. William E. Upjohn, an 1875 graduate of the University of Michigan medical school, founded The Upjohn Pharmaceutical Company in 1886 in Kalamazoo, Michigan. ... The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (U of M, UM, U-M or simply Michigan) is a coeducational public research university in the state of Michigan. ...

In 1995, Upjohn merged with Pharmacia AB, to form Pharmacia & Upjohn. Pharmacia was created in April 2000 through the merger of Pharmacia & Upjohn with the Monsanto Company and its G.D. Searle unit. The merged company was based in Peapack, New Jersey. The agricultural division was spun off from Pharmacia, as Monsanto, in preparation for the close of the acquisition by Pfizer. Pharmacia was originally a government owned Swedish pharmaceutical company. ... Pharmacia was originally a government owned Swedish pharmaceutical company. ...

In 2002, Pfizer bought Pharmacia, a competitor, to become the largest pharmaceutical company in the world. The merger was again driven in part by the desire to acquire full rights to a blockbuster product, this time Celebrex (celecoxib), the COX-2 selective inhibitor previously jointly marketed by Searle (acquired by Pharmacia) and Pfizer. A blockbuster drug is a drug generating more than $1 billion of revenue for its owner each year. ... Celecoxib (INN) (IPA: ) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, painful menstruation and menstrual symptoms, and to reduce numbers of colon and rectum polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. ... This article needs cleanup. ...

SUGEN

SUGEN, customarily written with capital letters, was founded in 1991 in Redwood City, California, as a partnership between the laboratories of Joseph Schlessinger at New York University Medical School and Axel Ullrich at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, with Steven Evans-Freke as a third co-founder. The name, SUGEN, comes from combining the first "S" in Schlessinger followed by the "U" in Ullrich with "GEN", which is a commonly used suffix for biotech companies (short for "GENetics"). The focus of the enterprise was to develop drugs targeting intracellular signaling pathways to treat cancer. Specifically, the company sought to discover competitive ATP small-molecule kinase inhibitors which would block common cancer pathways. Pharmacia acquired SUGEN in 1999, which merged with the pharmaceutical division of Monsanto in 2000 and was purchased by Pfizer in 2003. In 1999 Pharmacia took two of SUGEN's compounds into man in colon cancer clinical trials: SU5416 (Semaxanib) and SU6668; the trials were discontinued, but both of these compounds were in the series that eventually led to SU11248. SUGEN's laboratories were closed in 2003 as part of the reorganization following Pfizer's purchase of Pharmacia. From the acquisition, SUGEN compounds SU11248 and SU14813 entered Pfizer's pipeline.^[5]^[6] SU11248 was approved by the FDA for treatment of GIST and RCC cancers, in January of 2006, and is now marketed as Sutent (sunitinib). Redwood City is a suburb located on the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... The New York University School of Medicine was founded in 1841, ten years after NYUs founding, as the University Medical College. ... Axel Ullrich born October 19, 1943) Lauban, Schlesien, Germany in is an German cancer researcher and has been the Director of Molecular biology at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Martinsried, Germany since 1988. ... A research institute of the Max Planck Society located in Martinsried, a suburb of Munich. ... In biology, signal transduction is any process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another. ... Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ... Pharmacia was originally a government owned Swedish pharmaceutical company. ... The Monsanto Company (NYSE: MON) is a multinational agricultural biotechnology corporation. ... Image File history File links Structure (2D) of SU5416, a chemical compound discovered by Sugen Pharmaceuticals and entered into a discontinued clinical trial in man. ... Image File history File links Structure (2D) of SU6668, a chemical compound discovered by Sugen Pharmaceuticals and entered into a discontinued clinical trial in man. ... Image File history File links Structure (2D) of SU11248, a chemical compound discovered by Sugen Pharmaceuticals and later developed by Pfizer Pharmaceuticals. ... Sunitinib (marketed as Sutent, and previously known as SU11248) is an oral, small-molecule, multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that was approved by the FDA for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) on January 26, 2006. ...

Products

Pfizer manufactures pharmaceutical medications and has an annual product marketing budget of $3 billion, which was the fourth-largest in the U.S. as of 2003. Pfizer employs 38,000 sales representatives worldwide.^[7]

In 2004, Pfizer’s Zoloft sales totaled $3.15 billion, contributing to 6.5% of Pfizer’s total revenue for 2004 and making it one of 19 drugs that generated more than $2 billion in revenues in the United States.^[8] In 2005, Zoloft sales totaled $3.5 billion, helping to make Pfizer one of the biggest drug makers in the world with approximately $51.3 billion in revenue for 2005. In 2005 Pfizer Inc. spent $7.4 billion on research and development, making Pfizer Global Research and Development the largest pharmaceutical research and development organization.^[9]^[10]

On September 24, 2007, Pfizer Inc. announced that the European Commission approved Celsentri (generic name, maraviroc and as Selzentry in the United States). Industry experts did forecast annual Celsentri sales of $500 million by 2011.^[11] is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Berlaymont, the Commissions seat The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. ... Look up Generic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Name (disambiguation). ... An expert is someone widely recognized as a reliable source of knowledge or skill whose judgement is accorded authority and status by the public or their peers. ... Prediction of future events is an ancient human wish. ... Sales are the activities involved in providing products or services in return for money or other compensation. ... 2011 (MMXI) will be a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Development of Torcetrapib

Development of torcetrapib, a drug that increases production of HDL, or "good cholesterol", which reduces LDL thought to be correlated to heart disease, was cancelled on Saturday, December 2nd, 2006. The reason being that during a clinical trial test that involved 15,000 patients, more patients than expected died as a result of taking the medicine. A 60% increase in deaths was observed among patients taking torcetrapib and Lipitor versus taking Lipitor alone; there was no suggestion that the results called into question the safety of Lipitor. Pfizer has lost nearly $1 billion in investments on the failed drug, and December has seen the stocks and market value of the company plummet.^[12]^[13]^[14] Chemical structure of torcetrapib Torcetrapib (CP-529414, Pfizer) was a drug being developed to treat hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) and prevent cardiovascular disease. ... High-density lipoproteins (HDL) form a class of lipoproteins, varying somewhat in their size (8â€“11 nm in diameter), that carry cholesterol from the bodys tissues to the liver. ... Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) belongs to the lipoprotein particle family. ...

Pharmaceuticals

The following is a list of key prescription pharmaceutical products. The names shown are all registered trademarks of Pfizer Inc.^[15]

Quinapril (or Accupril Â®) is an ACE inhibitor used to control blood pressure. ... Donepezil, marketed under the trade name AriceptÂ® (Eisai), is a centrally acting reversible acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor. ... Exemestane (Trade name: AromasinÂ®) is an oral steroidal aromatase inhibitor used in the treatment of hormonally-responsive breast cancer. ... Valdecoxib is a prescription drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and painful menstruation and menstrual symptoms. ... Caduet is a medication approved by the US FDA for the treatment of high cholesterol and high blood pressure. ... Irinotecan is a chemotherapy agent that is a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor. ... Celecoxib (INN) (IPA: ) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, painful menstruation and menstrual symptoms, and to reduce numbers of colon and rectum polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. ... Varenicline (trade name Chantix in the USA and Champix in Europe, Mexico and Canada, manufactured by Pfizer, usually in the form of varenicline tartrate) is a prescription medication used to treat smoking addiction. ... Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a progestogen-only hormonal contraceptive birth control drug which is injected every 3 months. ... Diflucan is an antifungal drug, FDA-approved, that is for treating and preventing Candidiasis in the vagina, mouth, esophagus and other parts of the body. ... Epirubicin (marketed by Pfizer under the trade name EllenceÂ®) is an anthracycline drug used for chemotherapy. ... Anidulafungin or Eraxis is an anti-fungal drug manufactured by Pfizer that gained approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in February 21, 2006 [1]; it was previously known as LY303366. ... Exubera is the first inhalable insulin to receive US FDA approval. ... Metronidazole (INN) (pronounced ) is a nitroimidazole anti-infective drug used mainly in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible organisms, particularly anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. ... Growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin (STH) is a protein hormone which stimulates growth and cell reproduction in humans and other animals. ... Ziprasidone (marketed as Geodon, Zeldox) was the fifth atypical antipsychotic to gain FDA approval (February 2001). ... Eplerenone (INN) (IPA: ) is an aldosterone antagonist used as an adjunct in the management of chronic heart failure. ... Atorvastatin (INN) (IPA: ) is a member of the drug class known as statins, used for lowering cholesterol and thereby reducing cardiovascular disease. ... Pregabalin (brand name: LyricaÂ®) is a new anticonvulsant drug indicated as an add on therapy for partial onset seizures and for certain types of neuropathic pain. ... Pegaptanib sodium injection (Macugen) is a medicine for the treatment of neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD). ... See amlodipine. ... Gabapentin (brand name Neurontin) is a medication originally developed for the treatment of epilepsy. ... Interferon beta-1a is a drug in the interferon family used to treat multiple sclerosis. ... Eletriptan (RelpaxÂ®) is a triptan drug developed by Pfizer for the treatment of migraine headaches. ... Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) are a class of antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV infection. ... Sudafed is a brand name and registered trademark for a family of over-the-counter (OTC) decongestants based on pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and manufactured by Pfizer Inc. ... Phenylephrine or neosynephrine is an Î±-adrenergic receptor agonist used primarily as a decongestant, as an agent to dilate the pupil and, rarely, to increase blood pressure. ... Tiotropium bromide monohydrate is an anticholinergic bronchodilator, marketed as Spiriva by Boehringer Ingelheim & Pfizer Inc. ... Dofetilide is a class III antiarrhythmic agent that is approved by the FDA for the maintenance of sinus rhythm in individuals prone to the formation of atrial fibrillation and flutter, and for the chemical cardioversion to sinus rhythm from atrial fibrillation and flutter. ... Voriconazole (VfendÂ®, Pfizer) is a triazole antifungal medication used to treat serious fungal infections. ... Sildenafil citrate, sold under the names Viagra, Revatio and generically under various other names, is a drug used to treat male erectile dysfunction (impotence) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), developed by the pharmaceutical company Pfizer. ... Nelfinavir (ViraceptÂ®) is an antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ... Latanoprost (pronounced la-TA-noe-prost) ophthalmic solution is a topical medication used for controlling the progression of glaucoma or ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. ... Alprazolam, also known under the trade names Xanax and Niravam, is a short-acting drug in the benzodiazepine class used to treat severe anxiety disorders and as an adjunctive treatment for anxiety associated with clinical depression. ... Alprazolam, also known under the trade names Xanax and Niravam, is a short-acting drug in the benzodiazepine class used to treat severe anxiety disorders and as an adjunctive treatment for anxiety associated with clinical depression. ... Azithromycin is an azalide, a subclass of macrolide antibiotics. ... Zoloft bottles, with blue and green tablets Sertraline hydrochloride (also sold under brand names Zoloft, Lustral, Apo-Sertral, Asentra, Gladem, Serlift, Stimuloton, Xydep, Serlain, Concorz) is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. ... Cetirizine hydrochloride (IPA sÉ›.ËˆtÉªÉ¹.Éª.ËŒzin) is a major metabolite of hydroxyzine, and a racemic selective H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergies, hay fever, angioedema, and urticaria. ... Linezolid (INN) (IPA: ) is a synthetic antibiotic, the first of the oxazolidinone class, used for the treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria including streptococcus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ...

Animal health brands

Doramectine, is a vitrenary drug approved from the FDA, it had 2 dossage orm injection and pour-on ... Selamectin is the active ingredient in Revolution, a topical insecticide and antihelminthic used on dogs and cats. ... Carprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used by veterinarians as a supportive treatment for the relief of arthritic symptoms in geriatric dogs. ... Cefpodoxime is an oral third generation cephalosporin antibiotic. ... A stronghold is a strongly fortified defensive structure. ...

Legislation and litigation

Pfizer is party to a number of suits stemming from companies it has acquired or merged with, including asbestos litigation as well as litigation stemming from its medicinal products. For other uses, see Asbestos (disambiguation). ... See drugs, medication, and pharmacology for substances that are used to treat patients. ...

Kelo case

Pfizer's interest in obtaining property in New London, Connecticut for expanded facilities led to the Kelo v. New London case before the U.S. Supreme Court. Nickname: Motto: MARE LIBERUM Coordinates: , NECTA Norwich-New London Region Southeastern Connecticut Settled 1646 (Pequot Plantation) Named 1658 (New London) Incorporated (city) 1784 Government - Type Council-manager - City council Margaret Mary Curtin, Mayor Kevin J. Cavanagh, Dep. ... Holding The governmental taking of property from one private owner to give to another in furtherance of economic development constitutes a permissible public use under the Fifth Amendment. ... The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States...

Quigley Co.

Pfizer acquired Quigley in 1968, and the division sold asbestos-containing insulation products until the early 1970s. Asbestos victims and Pfizer have been negotiating a settlement deal which calls for Pfizer to pay $430 million to 80 percent of existing plaintiffs. It will also place an additional $535 million into an asbestos settlement trust that will compensate future plaintiffs as well as the remaining 20 percent of current plaintiffs with claims against Pfizer and Quigley. The compensation deal is worth $965 million all up.Of that $535 million, $405 million is in a 40-year note from Pfizer, while $100 million will come from insurance policies. For other uses, see Asbestos (disambiguation). ...

Bjork-Shiley heart valve

Pfizer purchased Shiley in 1979 at the onset of its Convexo-Concave valve ordeal, involving the Bjork-Shiley heart valve. Approximately 500 people died when defective valves failed and, in 1994, the United States ruled against Pfizer for ~$200 million. This article needs to be wikified. ... Grays Fig. ...

Tort Reform Legislation Contributions

Pfizer proposed a ban on all lawsuits against manufacturers of body implant parts which was proposed in the United States Congress as part of tort reform legislation. Civil action redirects here. ... Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, making by hand) is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale. ... An implant is an artificial device made to replace and act as a missing biological structure. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... Tort reform is the phrase used by its advocates who claim it is a change in the legal system to reduce litigations alleged adverse effects on the economy. ...

Off-label promotional practices

Access to pharmaceutical industry documents has revealed marketing strategies used to promote Neurontin® for off-label use.^[16] In 1993, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved gabapentin (Neurontin®, Pfizer) only for treatment of seizures. Warner-Lambert, which merged with Pfizer in 2000, used activities not usually associated with sales promotion, including continuing medical education and research, sponsored articles about the drug for the medical literature, and alleged suppression of unfavorable study results, to promote gabapentin. Within 5 years the drug was being widely used for the off-label treatment of pain and psychiatric conditions. In 2004, Warner-Lambert admitted to charges that it violated FDA regulations by promoting the drug for pain, psychiatric conditions, migraine, and other unapproved uses, and paid $430 million to resolve criminal and civil health care liability charges.^[17]^[18] Pharmaceutical marketing is the business of advertising or otherwise promoting the sale of pharmaceuticals or drugs. ... â€œFDAâ€ redirects here. ... Gabapentin (brand name Neurontin) is a medication originally developed for the treatment of epilepsy. ... This article is about the medical condition. ... Pfizer, Incorporated (NYSE: PFE), is a global pharmaceutical company based in New York City. ... Continuing medical education (CME) is a form of continuing professional development (CPD) that consists of educational activities which serve to maintain, develop, or increase the knowledge, skills, and professional performance and relationships that a medical practitioner uses to provide services for patients, the public, or the profession [1]. The content... Medical research (or experimental medicine) is basic research and applied research conducted to aid the body of knowledge in the field of medicine. ... The term off-label refers to the use of a drug for a medical condition other than for which it was officially approved and marketed. ...

Nigeria

In 1996 a meningitis epidemic hit Nigeria. According to Value of Black Bodies (http://blackwomb.blogspot.com/2007/06/value-of-black-bodies.html), Pfizer agreed to help Nigeria treat the epidemic using drugs known to treat meningitis such as: vancomycin, meropenem, chloramphenicol, and ceftriaxone. Pfizer decided to run an experimental test study on their new drug, Trovan. According to The American, Trovan was an oral formulation expected to cure meningitis in five days. Two hundred children were selected at random. One hundred of those children were given Trovan and the other one hundred were given the agreed upon drugs. Five children died from the Trovan group and many others suffered either/or muteness, deafness, blindness, and/or other physical impairments. Six children died in the control group. Pfizer claims to have gotten oral approval from the parents. According to The West Africa Review, the Nigerian government calls this exploitation of ignorance since the translators never told the parents the negative sides of Trovan or that Trovan was for the first time being tested. Juan Walterspiel, a disease specialist for Pfizer wrote a public statement claiming that Trovan was not tested for its sensitivity before the first child was tested. The kids were put in a life or death situation. Walterspiel was soon fired afterwards. In 2005, Nigeria brought Pfizer to trial in New York, but the judged dismissed the case stating that it should be heard in Nigeria (All Africa Global Media). In June 2007, the federal government of Nigeria and the state government of Kano (where the Trovan test was done) individually sued Pfizer for the 1996 experimental drug test (All Africa Global Media). The federal government is suing for $7 billion dollars in damages. Kano State government is suing for $2.75 billion damages. The Nigerian Federal Government case was postponed to November 6 because the doctors involved in the study failed to appear for the trial. The Kano State government’s trial was set in Kano (the city) for July but was pushed back to October and again pushed back to December 5 so Pfizer’s lawyers could “undertake their duties”.

Research and development

Pfizer's human research and development organization is headquartered in New London, CT while their animal health research and development organization is headquartered in Kalamazoo, Michigan. The company has R&D labs in the following locations: Groton, Connecticut; Sandwich, England; Nagoya, Japan; Amboise, France; La Jolla, California; Cambridge, Massachusetts; Kalamazoo, Michigan; St. Louis, Missouri. Kalamazoo redirects here. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Waterfront of Groton, Connecticut looking upriver Groton is a town located on the Thames River in New London County, Connecticut. ... Official language(s) none (de facto English) Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport[2] Largest metro area Hartford Metro Area[3] Area Ranked 48th in the US - Total 5,543[4] sq mi (14,356 kmÂ²) - Width 70 miles (113 km) - Length 110 miles (177 km) - % water 12. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Nagoya Castle in June of 2004. ... One of the beaches at La Jolla Cove La Jolla, California, is a seaside resort community comprised of 42,808[1] residents within the city of San Diego. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1630 Incorporated 1636 Government - Type Mayor-City Council - Mayor Kenneth Reeves (D) Area - Total 7. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Kalamazoo redirects here. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Nickname: Location in the state of Missouri Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Government - Mayor Francis G. Slay (D) Area - City 66. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

In 2004, Pfizer invested $7.68 billion in research and development, the largest investment in R&D by private biomedical research organization.

In 2007, Pfizer announced plans to close or sell on the Loughbeg API facility, located at Loughbeg, Ringaskiddy Co.Cork Ireland by mid to end of 2008

In 2007, Pfizer announced plans to completely close the Ann Arbor, Nagoya and Amboise Research facilities by the end of 2008, eliminating 2,160 jobs and idling the $300-million dollar Michigan facility, which had seen millions of dollars of expansion in recent years.^[19]

On June 18th, 2007 Pfizer announced it will move the Sandwich, England Animal Health Research (VMRD) division to Kalamazoo, Michigan.[1] Arms of Sandwich Town Council Sandwich is an historic town in Kent, south-east England. ... Kalamazoo redirects here. ...

Employment & Diversity

Pfizer received a 100% rating on the Corporate Equality Index released by the Human Rights Campaign starting in 2004, the third year of the report. In 2007, Pfizer's Canadian division was named one of Canada's Top 100 Employers, as published in Maclean's magazine, the only research-based pharmaceutical company to receive this honor.^[20] The Corporate Equality Index is a report published by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation as a tool to rate American businesses on their treatment of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender employees, consumers and investors. ... HRC logo The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) is one of the largest lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) equal rights organization in the United States. ... Canadas Top 100 Employers is an annual competition that recognizes the best places in Canada to work. ... A cover of the Canadian magazine Macleans. ...

AIDS involvement

Pfizer has been involved in controversies over the medicine Diflucan (generic name fluconazole). In 1998, a campaign by Thai public health groups led to the elimination of the Pfizer monopoly on selling fluconazole in Thailand, and the price of the antifungal drug decreased from 200 baht to 6.5 baht in nine months, vastly expanding access to the medicine for AIDS patients. Faced with pressure for compulsory licenses to the Pfizer patent on this drug, Pfizer later established a program for limited access to the medicine in Africa.^[21]

"In the United States, 46 percent of all new HIV/AIDS cases occur in the South. From 2003–2006 the Pfizer Foundation has funded 23 innovative HIV/AIDS prevention programs and strengthened the capacity of community-based organizations to reach and serve their communities."^[22] Since 2003, Pfizer has committed a $3 Million grant toward supporting the Southern HIV/AIDS Prevention Initiative.

However, there are criticisms of the way Pfizer is testing its AIDS drug. "The European AIDS Treatment Group (EATG), collection of activists from 31 European Countries,^[23] said the design of the trial for Pfizer's CCR5 inhibitor Maraviroc (previously known as UK-427,857) is putting people with HIV infection at unnecessary risk of developing AIDS."^[24] Maraviroc is an chemokine receptor antagonist drug developed by the drug company Pfizer that is designed to act against HIV by interfering with the interaction between HIV and CCR5. ...

On June 20, 2007 Maraviroc received an approvable letter from the FDA advisory board. The letter was a product of expedited review of the novel HIV compound. is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

In 2001, Pfizer asked the U.S. government to pressure the Brazilian government against issuing compulsory licenses for the patents on the AIDS drug nelfinavir.

AIDS Drugs Manufactured by Pfizer

Nelfinavir (ViraceptÂ®) is an antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ... Maraviroc is an chemokine receptor antagonist drug developed by the drug company Pfizer that is designed to act against HIV by interfering with the interaction between HIV and CCR5. ... Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) are a class of antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV infection. ...

Encyclopedia > Pfizer

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