 Phacoemulsification: Cataract surgery, by a temporal approach, using a phacoemulsification probe (in right hand) and "chopper"(in left hand), being done under operating microscope at a Navy medical center Phacoemulsification refers to modern cataract surgery in which the eye's internal lens is emulsified with an ultrasonic handpiece, and aspirated from the eye. Aspirated fluids are replaced with irrigation of balanced salt solution, thus maintaining the anterior chamber, as well as cooling the handpiece. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2100x1576, 480 KB) source: http://www. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2100x1576, 480 KB) source: http://www. ...
Cataract surgery is the removal of the lens of the eye that has developed a cataract. ...
Closeup of a blue-green human eye. ...
Light from a single point of a distant object and light from a single point of a near object being brought to a focus by changing the curvature of the lens. ...
A baby in its mothers womb, viewed in a sonogram A baby, aged 29 weeks, in a 3D ultrasound Ultrasound is sound with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing, this limit being approximately 20 kilohertz (20,000 hertz). ...
Preparation and precautions
The eye is a delicate organ, requiring extreme care before, during and after a surgical procedure. An expert Ophthalmologist must identify the need for phacoemulsification and be incharge for conducting the procedure safely. Many university programs allow patients to specify if they want to be operated upon by the consultant or the resident / fellow. A cataract is an opacity that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its envelope. ...
Proper anesthesia is a must for any eye surgery. Local anesthesia is most commonly used. Retrobulbar and peribulbar techniques for infiltrating the local area surrounding the eye muscle cone are used to immobilze the extraocular muscles and eliminate pain sensation. Topical anesthesia using lidocaine topical gel is prefered for quick procedures. In topical anesthesia, patient cooperation is a must for a smooth procedure. General anesthesia is recommended for children, traumatic eye injuries with cataract and for very apprehensive / uncooperative patients. Cardiovascular monitoring is preferable in local anesthesia and is mandatory in general anesthesia. Proper sterile precautions are taken to prepare the area for surgery, including use of antiseptics like povidone-iodine. Sterile drapes, gowns and gloves are a must. A plastic sheet with a receptacle helps collect the fluids during phacoemulsification. An eye speculum is inserted to keep the eyes wide open. For anxious patients, supplementation with a facial nerve block using Lidocaine and Bupivacaine is recommended. Anesthesia or anaesthesia (see spelling differences) has traditionally meant the process of blocking the perception of pain and other sensations. ...
This article or section may be confusing for some readers, and should be edited to be clearer. ...
Local anesthesia is any technique to render part of the body insensitive to pain without affecting consciousness. ...
Betadine is the name of a consumer-available antiseptic used to treat minor cuts on mammals. ...
Lidocaine (INN) (IPA: ) or lignocaine (former BAN) (IPA: ) is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. ...
Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic. ...
Surgical technique Before the Phacoemulsification can be peformed, one or more incisions are made in the eye to allow the introduction of surgical instruments. The surgeon then removes the anterior face of the capsule that contains the lens inside the eye. Phacoemulsification surgery involves the use of a machine with microprocessor controlled fluid dynamics. These can be based on peristaltic or venturi type of pump. The phaco probe is an ultrasonic handpiece with a titanium or steel needle. The tip of the needle vibrates at ultrasonic frequency to sculpt and emulsify the cataract while the pump aspirates particles through the tip. In some techniques, a second fine steel instrument called a chopper is used from a side port to help with chopping the nucleus into smaller pieces. The cataract is usually broken into two or four pieces and each piece is emulsified and aspirated out with suction. The nucleus emulsification makes it easier to aspirate the particles. After removing all hard central lens nucleus with phacoemulsification, the softer outer lens cortex is removed with suction only. An Irrigation-aspiration probe or a bimanual system is used to aspirate out the remaining peripheral cortical matter, while leaving the posterior capsule intact. As with other extracapsular cataract extraction procedures, an intraocular lens implant also known as an IOL, is placed into the remaining lens capsule. For implanting a PMMA IOL, the incision has to be enlarged. For implanting a foldable IOL, the incision does not have to be enlarged. The foldable IOL, made of Silicone or Acrylic material, of appropriate power is folded either using a holder/folder, or a proprietary insertion device provided along with the IOL. It is then inserted and placed in the posterior chamber in the capsular bag (in-the-bag implantation). Sometimes, a sulcus implantation may be required because of posterior capsular tears or because of zonulodialysis. Because a smaller incision is required, few or no stitches are needed and the patient's recovery time is usually shorter when using a foldable IOL. [1][2]. Peristalsis is the process of involuntary wave-like successive muscular contractions by which food is moved through the digestive tract. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
A cataract is an opacity that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its envelope. ...
Cataract surgery is the removal of the lens of the eye that has developed a cataract. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
History Charles Kelman introduced phacoemulsification in 1967 after being inspired by his dentist's ultrasonic probe. Dr. Charles D. Kelman (May 23, 1930 - June 1, 2004) was an ophthalmologist and a pioneer in cataract surgery. ...
References
See also Eye surgery in the middle ages. ...
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