The word “Mongol” written in Mongolian script.

Mongolian alphabet may refer to any of three scripts used over the centuries to write the Mongolian language. Mongolian (Монгол), is the best-known member of the Mongolic language family, and the primary language of most of the residents of Mongolia. ...

Mongolian alphabet proper

At the very beginning of the Mongol Empire in the 12th century the Uyghur alphabet, a descendant of the Syriac alphabet via Sogdian, was used to write Mongol. With only minor modification it is used in Inner Mongolia to this day. Its most salient feature is its vertical direction; it is the only vertical script that is written from left to right. (All other vertical writing systems are written right to left.) This is because the Uighurs rotated their script 90 degrees counterclockwise to emulate the Chinese writing system. Mongol Empires largest extent outlined in red; Timur-i-Lenks empire is shaded The Mongol Empire (Cyrillic: Их Монгол Улс) (1206–1368) was the largest contiguous (the land streched uninterrupted by borders or stretches of water) land empire in world history, ruling 35 million km² (13. ... The Uyghur alphabet is any of the following: A descendant of the Sogdian alphabet, used for texts of Buddhist, Manichæan and Christian contents for 700–800 years in East Turkestan. ... 11th century book in Syriac Serto. ... The Sogdian alphabet is derived from Syriac, the descendant script of Aramaic alphabet. ... Inner Mongolia (Mongolian: ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠨᠺᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠺᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ r Mongghul-un bertegen Jasaqu Orun; Chinese: 内蒙古自治区; Hanyu Pinyin: N i Měnggǔ Z qū) is an Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

This alphabet fails to make several vowel (o/u, ö/ü, final a/e) and consonant (t/d, k/g, sometimes ž/y) distinctions of Mongol that were not required for Uighur. The result is somewhat comparable to the situation of English, which must represent 10 or more vowels with only 5 letters, and uses the digraph th for two distinct sounds. However, two regional variants of the Mongol script use diacritics to represent all phonemic distinctions unambiguously: the western "Clear script" derived c. 1648 for the Oirats and Kalmyks, and still in use today in Jungaria; and its recent offshoot, a northern Buryat script developed in 1905. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Digraph has several meanings: Directed graph, or digraph Digraph (orthography) Digraph (computing) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Oyirad (also spelled Oirat) is an alliance of the western Mongols. ... The Republic of Kalmykia ( Russian: Респу́блика Калмы́кия; Kalmyk: Хальм Тангч) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... Dzungaria (also Junggar, Jungaria, Sungaria, Zungaria) is a physical region, covering approximately 777,000 km², within the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in northwestern China. ... The Buryats, numbering approximately 436,000, are the largest ethnic minority group in Siberia and are mainly concentrated in their homeland, the Buryat Republic. ...

Besides the Mongolian language, the Evenk language is written in the Mongolian script. The Evenk language (Evenki language) (SIL: EVN, ISO 639-2: tut) is the largest of the northern group of the Manchu-Tungus languages, a group which also includes the Even and Negidal languages. ...

Phagspa

The Mongol alphabet is not a perfect fit for the Mongol language, and it would be impractical to extend it to a language with a very different phonology like Chinese. Therefore, during the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan asked a Tibetan monk, Phagspa, to design a new alphabet for use by the whole empire. Phagspa extended his native Tibetan script to encompass Mongol and Chinese; the result was known by several descriptive names, such as the Mongol seal script, but today is known as the Phagspa alphabet. This script did not receive wide acceptance and fell into disuse with the collapse of the Yuan dynasty in 1368. After this it was mainly used as a phonetic gloss for Mongolians learning Chinese characters. However, scholars such as Gary Ledyard believe that in the meantime it was the source of the Korean Hangul alphabet. The Yuan Dynasty (Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus; Chinese: 元朝 or 大元帝國) lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, also called the Mongol Dynasty, was the name given to the significant ruling family of Borjigin in Asia. ... Kublai Khan or Khubilai Khan or the last of the great Khans (1215–1294), was a Mongol military leader. ... The Mongolian language historically has four writing systems that have been used over the centuries. ... Om Mani Padme Hum, the primary mantra of Tibetan Buddhism written in the Tibetan script, on a rock outside the Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet. ... 《尋隱者不遇》—賈島 松下問童子 言師採藥去 隻在此山中 雲深不知處 Seeking the Master but not Meeting by Jia Dao Beneath a pine I asked a little child. ... A gloss is a note made in the margins or between the lines of a book, in which the meaning of the text in its original language is explained in another language. ... Hangul (Korean: 한글, hangeul) is the native alphabet of the Korean language, as opposed to the non-alphabetic hanja system borrowed from China. ...

For the purpose of encoding in digital media, Phagspa characters are allocated a block of 56 characters from U+A840 to U+A87F, and they will be available in Unicode 5.0, scheduled to be published sometime (after February) in 2006. Technical note: Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Cyrillic

The most recent Mongolian alphabet is a slightly modified Cyrillic alphabet (the Russian alphabet plus 2 letters, Өө /ö/ and Үү /ü/). It is a phonemic alphabet, meaning that there is a high level of consistency in the representation of individual sounds. It was introduced following the communist revolution in Mongolia, but is currently being phased out in favor of the original Mongolian alphabet described above. The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... In spoken language, a phoneme is a basic, theoretical unit of sound that can distinguish words (i. ...

See also

• Soyombo script

Soyombo script - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

External links

• Mongolian Alphabet on Omniglot
• Phagspa Alphabet on Omniglot
• SCA: Mongol Scripts
• Mongolian Alphabet on Lingua Mongolia
• GB18030 Support Package for Windows 2000/XP, including Chinese, Tibetan, Yi, Mongolian and Thai font by Microsoft