Phalloplasty refers to the (re-)construction of a penis or, sometimes, to artificial modification of the penis by surgery, often for cosmetic purposes. It is also often used to refer to penis enlargement. The first phalloplasty done for the purposes of sexual reassignment was performed on transman Michael Dillon in 1946 by Dr. Harold Gillies, which is documented in Pagan Kennedy's book The First Man-Made Man. The penis (plural penises, penes) is an external male sexual organ. ... “Surgeon” redirects here. ... Penis enlargement procedures (sometimes referred to as male enhancement procedures in spam email and television advertisements) are techniques alleged to make the human penis larger. ... Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) includes the surgical procedures by which a persons physical appearance and function of their existing sexual characteristics are changed to that of the other sex. ... Transmen or trans men are transgender or transsexual people who were assigned female at birth based on genital appearance (or, in cases of intersexuality, were later assigned to the female gender) and who feel that this is not an accurate or complete description of themselves. ... Michael Dillon is a 20th century philosopher and political theorist. ... Harold Gillies in 1916 Sir Harold Delf Gillies (June 17, 1882 - September 10, 1960) was a New Zealand-born, and later Londoner, otolaryngologist widely considered as the father of plastic surgery. ... Pagan Kennedy is an author and pioneer of the 90s zine movement, along with writer/publishers like Lisa Crystal Carver of Rollerderby, Jim Goad of ANSWER Me! and Larry Crane of Tape Op. ...

Complete reconstruction

A complete reconstruction of a penis is done on both cisgendered men who have lost their penis through either illness or accidents, and transmen, that is, female-to-male transgendered or transsexual people. Cisgender (IPA: ) is an adjective neologism that means non-transgender. ... Transmen or trans men are transsexual or transgendered people who were assigned female gender at birth (or, in some rare cases of intersexuality, later) and who feel that this is not an accurate or complete description of themselves. ...

The basic procedures are the same, (except in extreme cases of micro/macropenis) although surgery on cisgendered men is usually a lot simpler, since the urethra still ends in the front of the genital area, whereas the urethra of transmen ends near the vaginal opening and has to be lengthened considerably. The lengthening of the urethra is the most difficult part of phalloplasty, and also the one where most complications occur. In anatomy, the urethra is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. ...

With all types of phalloplasty in transmen, the labia (see vulva) are united to form a scrotum, where prosthetic testicles can be inserted. The external genital organs of the female are collectively known as the vulva (plural vulvae or vulvas)[1]. In common speech, the term vagina is often used improperly to refer to the vulva or female genitals generally, even though, strictly speaking, the vagina is a specific internal structure, whereas the... In some male mammals, the scrotum is a protuberance of skin and muscle containing the testicles. ... A United States Army soldier plays table football with two prosthetic arms Jon Comer, professional skateboarder with a prosthetic leg. ...

An erectile prosthesis can be inserted into the neo-phallus to replace the erectile tissue and enable sexual penetration. This is usually done in separate surgery for healing reasons. There are several types of erectile prostheses, ranging from simple rods that have a hinge so that the neo-penis can either stand up or hang down, to elaborate pumping systems. A United States soldier demonstrates Foosball with two prosthetic limbs In medicine, a prosthesis is an artificial extension that replaces a missing part of the body. ...

There are three different techniques for phalloplasty:

Free graft from the arm or leg

This technique involves using a free graft of tissue, usually from the inner side of the forearm, sometimes from the upper arm or the leg. This tissue is removed from its original place, rolled up, with a part of it forming the new urethra, and grafted to its new place between the thighs.

For transmen, the urethra up to this point is formed from the inner labia. Often, this is done in a separate procedure, sometimes a full-scale metoidioplasty is done a few months before the actual phalloplasty to prevent complications or make intervention easier when they occur. Metoidioplasty is a variant of phalloplasty for transmen. ...

Sensation is retained through the clitoris which is at the base of the neo-phallus; also, often a large nerve in the graft is connected to nerves either from the clitoris or other nearby nerves. Also, nerves from the graft and the tissue it has been attached to usually connect after a while, thereby allowing additional sensation. The clitoris is a sexual organ that is present in biologically female mammals. ...

This is by far the most common surgical technique for phalloplasty today, and also the one which produces the best results in both function and aesthetics.

Abdominal muscle

Abdominal fatty tissue

Another option for transmen is metoidioplasty, where a small penis is created from the clitoris that has been enlarged by hormone replacement therapy. Metoidioplasty is a variant of phalloplasty for transmen. ... Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for transgender and transsexual people replaces the hormones naturally occurring in their bodies with those of the other sex. ...

See also

• Sex reassignment surgery female-to-male
• List of transgender-related topics

Sexual reassignment surgery from female to male includes surgical procedures which will reshape a female body into a body with a male appearance. ... Transgender is a very complex topic, where consensual and precise definitions have not yet been reached. ...

References

• "Straight Talk About Surgical Penis Enlargement" by Gary M. Griffin, ISBN 1-879967-12-X.
• "Penis Enlargement Methods: Fact and Phallusy", Gary M. Griffin, ISBN 1-879967-01-4.
• From peniplastica totalis to reassignment surgery of the external genitalia in female-to-male transsexuals" by J. Joris Hage.

External links

Other

• Penis Enhancement by Phalloplasty - Surgery procedure description
• Canadian Meds World