Phan Đình Phùng (潘廷逢; 1847-1895) was a Vietnamese revolutionary who led rebel armies against the French colonial forces in Vietnam. He was the most prominent of the Confucian court scholars who were involved in anti-French campaigns in the 19th century. Confucianism (儒家 Pinyin: rújiā The School of the Scholars), sometimes translated as the School of Literati, is an East Asian ethical, religious and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of Confucius. ...

Court official

Born in the northern central coast province of Ha Tinh, Vietnam, Phan Đình Phùng passed the imperial examinations, earning his doctorate degree in 1877, allowing him to become a royal court official. Under Tu Duc, the last sovereign emperor of Vietnam, he rose in the ranks and earned immense prestige when he was appointed to the position of Ngu Su, meaning Imperial Censor. The position allowed him to criticise other royal officials and even the Emperor for misconduct. Phan Đình Phùng, regarded as man of high courage and integrity, openly criticising Ton That Thuyet, another mandarin who lead the insurrection against the French in an attempt to restore Emperor Ham Nghi, whom he believed to be rash and dishonest. Ha Tinh (in Vietnamese Hà TÄ©nh) is a province in the North Central Coast of Vietnam. ... Emperor Tá»± Đức Emperor Tá»± Đức was the 4th Emperor of the Nguyá»…n Dynasty of Vietnam and reigned from 1847-1883. ... Emperor Hàm Nghi Emperor Hàm Nghi (咸宜帝) was the 8th Emperor of the Vietnamese Nguyá»…n Dynasty. ...

Upon the death of the childless Tu Duc in 1883, he had named his nephew Kien Phuc to succeed him on the throne. However, the regents instead enthroned Duc Duc as the new emperor. Phan Đình Phùng protested against the violation of the imperial succession and refused to sanction anyone other than the Kien Phuc. This lead to his imprisonment by the regents for a brief period. Later, when Emperor Duc Duc was also deposed by the regents and eventually murdered, Phan Đình Phùng protested against this and was banished by the regent Ton That Thuyet. Emperor Kiến Phúc was born in 1868, he was the nephew-turned-adopted son of Emperor Tá»± Đức. ... Emperor Dục Đức was the 5th Emperor of the Vietnamese Nguyá»…n Dynasty and reigned in 1883. ...

Revolutionary career

Phan Đình Phùng rallied to the cause of the boy Emperor Ham Nghi after the 1885 fall of Huế by creating his own guerrilla army. He rallied support initially from his native village and set up his headquarters on Mount Vu Quang. The headquarters overlooked the French fortress at Ha Tinh on the central coast. His organization became a model for future insurgents. He dvided his operational zone into twelve districts for flexibility. His men were well trained and discipline, and one of them, Cao Thang was able to produce around 300 rifles by copying captured French weapons. They operated in the provinces of Thanh Hoa in the north, Ha Tinh, Nghe An and Quang Binh. The operations were funded by the villagers in these provinces, who were levied, causing serious problems for the French for ten years. In an attempt to force him to surrender, the French arrested his families and desecrated the tombs of his ancestors, and the remains put on display in Ha Tinh. In 1895, several attacks against his base gradually eroded his army’s strength, and they eventually abandoned Vu Quang. Phan Đình Phùng died shortly after from dysentery. Emperor Hàm Nghi Emperor Hàm Nghi (咸宜帝) was the 8th Emperor of the Vietnamese Nguyá»…n Dynasty. ... Huế (化 in Vietnamese Chữ nôm, 順化 in Chinese characters) is the former modern capital of Vietnam. ... Ha Tinh is a city in Vietnam. ... Thanh Hoa Province is a province in Vietnam. ... Ha Tinh (in Vietnamese Hà TÄ©nh) is a province in the North Central Coast of Vietnam. ... Nghệ An   is the largest province in the North Central Coast of Vietnam. ... Quang Binh (in Vietnamese Quảng Bình  ) is a province in the North Central Coast of Vietnam. ...

Legacy

Phan Đình Phùng’s remains were not left alone after his death. Ngo Dinh Kha, a Catholic mandarin and father of Ngo Dinh Diem, the first President of South Vietnam was a member of the French colonial administration. Kha had Phan Dinh Phung’s tomb exhumed and made gunpowder for executing revolutionaries with them. There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...   «ngoh dihn zih-ehm» (January 3, 1901 – November 2, 1963) was the first President of South Vietnam (1955–1963). ... Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon Last President Duong Van Minh Last Prime Minister Vu Van Mau Area  - Total  - % water 173,809 km² N/A Population  - Total  - Density 19,370,000 (1973 est. ...

Phan Đình Phùng was widely held by Vietnamese as a revolutionary hero. The Vietminh named their self produced style of grenades made in the 1940s after him. Both Hanoi and Saigon in both North and South Vietnam had prominent thoroughfares in their capital cities named in his honour. The Viet Minh (abbreviated from Việt Nam Ðộc Lập Ðồng Minh Hội, League for the Independence of Vietnam) was formed by Ho Ngoc Lam and Nguyen Hai Than in 1941 to seek independence for Vietnam from France. ... Hanoi (Vietnamese: Hà Ná»™i, Hán Tá»±: 河内)  , estimated population 3,145,300(2005), is the capital of Vietnam. ... Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnamese: Thành Chí Minh) is the largest city in Vietnam, located near the delta of the Mekong River. ...

References

• Karnow, Stanley (1997). Vietnam:A history. Penguin Books, 120-121, 173. ISBN 0-670-84218-4. 
• Tucker, Spencer C. (2000). Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War. ABC-CLIO, 326-327. ISBN 1-57607-040-0.