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Encyclopedia > Phasmatodea
Wikipedia:How to read a taxobox
How to read a taxobox
Phasmatodea
Heteropteryx dilatata from Malaysia
Heteropteryx dilatata from Malaysia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota
Infraclass: Neoptera
Superorder: Exopterygota
Order: Phasmatodea
Jacobson & Bianchi, 1902
Suborders

Agathemerodea
Timematodea
Verophasmatodea Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1374x827, 594 KB) Heteropteryx dilatata (Riesengespenstheuschrecke) image by: de:Roger Zenner / commons:Roger Zenner date: 2005/20/03 license: Creative Commons de/by/sa File links The following pages link to this file: Phasmatodea ... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... Digimon, the only known animals. ... Subphyla and Classes Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Trilobita - Trilobites (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida - Spiders, Scorpions, etc. ... Orders Subclass Apterygota Symphypleona - globular springtails Subclass Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) Subclass Dicondylia Monura - extinct Thysanura (common bristletails) Subclass Pterygota Diaphanopteroidea - extinct Palaeodictyoptera - extinct Megasecoptera - extinct Archodonata - extinct Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Blattodea (cockroaches) Mantodea (mantids) Isoptera (termites) Zoraptera Grylloblattodea Dermaptera (earwigs) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets... Orders     Palaeodictyoptera - extinct     Ephemeroptera (mayflies)     Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies)   Infraclass Neoptera     Blattodea (cockroaches)     Mantodea (mantids)     Isoptera (termites)     Zoraptera     Grylloblattodea (rock crawlers)     Dermaptera (earwigs)     Plecoptera (stoneflies)     Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)     Phasmatodea (walking sticks, timemas)     Embioptera (webspinners)     Mantophasmatodea (gladiators)    Superorder Hemipterodea     Psocoptera (booklice, barklice)     Phthiraptera (lice)     Hemiptera (true bugs)     Thysanoptera (thrips)    Superorder... Orders     Blattodea (cockroaches)     Mantodea (mantids)     Isoptera (termites)     Zoraptera     Grylloblattodea     Dermaptera (earwigs)     Plecoptera (stoneflies)     Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)     Phasmatodea (walking sticks, timemas)     Embioptera (webspinners)     Mantophasmatodea (gladiators)    Superorder Hemipterodea     Psocoptera (booklice, barklice)     Phthiraptera (lice)     Hemiptera (true bugs)     Thysanoptera (thrips)    Superorder Endopterygota     Miomoptera - extinct     Megaloptera (alderflies, etc. ... Orders Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies) Grylloblattodea Plecoptera (stoneflies) Zoraptera Isoptera (termites) Dermaptera (earwigs) Embioptera Dictyoptera (cockroaches, mantids) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, locusts, and katydids) Phasmatodea (stick insects) Psocoptera (booklice) Phthiraptera (lice) Mallophaga (Chewing lice) Anoplura (Sucking lice) Hemiptera (true bugs) Homoptera (cicadas, hoppers, aphids, scale insects) Thysanoptera (Thrips, Thunderflies or... Georgij Georgiewitsch Jacobson (1871 - November 23, 1926) was a Russian entomologist. ... Species Agathemera claraziana Agathemera crassa Agathemera elegans Agathemera grylloidea Agathemera maculafulgens Agathemera mesoauriculae Agathemera millepunctata Agathemera sphaerocephala Agathemera is the sole genus of the suborder Agathemerodea (order Phasmatodea). ... Species Timema bartmani Timema boharti Timema californicum Timema chumash Timema coffmani Timema cristinae Timema dorotheae Timema douglasi Timema genevievae Timema knulli Timema landelsensis Timema monikensis Timema morongensis Timema nakipa Timema nevadense Timema petita Timema podura Timema poppensis Timema ritensis Timema shepardi Timema tahoe Timema is the sole genus of the... Suborders Anareolatae Areolatae Verophasmatodea is a suborder of the Phasmatodea that contains the vast majority of the extant species of stick and leaf-insects. ...

The Phasmatodea are an order of insects, whose members are variously known as stick insects (Europe), walking sticks (in the Unites States of America), ghost insects[citation needed] and leaf insects. The name is derived from the Greek "phasma" meaning an apparition or phantom, and refers to the resemblance of many species to sticks or leaves. Some species (e.g. Anisomorpha) are capable of secreting a substance from glands on the meta-thorax that can causes an intense burning irritation of the eyes (and in some cases temporary blindness) and mouth of potential predators on contact. Orders See taxonomy Insects (Class Insecta) are a major group of arthropods and the most diverse group of animals on the Earth, with over a million described species — more than all other animal groups combined [1]. Insects may be found in nearly all environments on the planet, although only a...

Contents

Taxonomy

The Phasmatodea were considered a suborder of Orthoptera, although most authors now consider them to form an order of their own. There is much confusion over the ordinal name, with Phasmida being preferred by many authors, although it is incorrectly formed. Phasmatodea is correctly formed, and is gaining in popularity. Cheleutoptera is now considered outdated. Suborders and families Suborder Ensifera - crickets Superfamily Gryllacroidea Gryllacrididae - camel crikets Rhaphidophoridae - cave crickets Schizodactylidae - dune crickets Stenopelmatidae - king crickets Superfamily Grylloidea Gryllidae - true crickets Gryllotalpidae - mole cricket Mogoplistidae Myrmecophilidae Superfamily Tettigonioidea Anostostomatidae - king crickets Bradyporidae - armoured crickets Haglidae Phaneropteridae Tettigoniidae - katydids, koringkrieks Suborder Caelifera - grasshoppers, locusts Superfamily Acridoidea Acrididae...


They are closely related to the orders Mantophasmatodea and Grylloblattodea. Together, they are the sister taxon of the groups sometimes united in the superorder Dictyoptera. Genera Mantophasma Raptophasma Mantophasmatodea is an order of carnivorous insects discovered in 2002, the first new insect order to be described since 1914. ... Genera Grylloblatta Galloisiana Grylloblattodea is a small order of extremophile insects that live in the cold on top of mountains. ... This cladogram shows the relationship among various insect groups. ... Orders Blattaria (cockroaches) Mantodea (mantids) Dictyoptera includes two groups of insects, the Blattaria (cockroaches) and the Mantodea (mantids, or praying mantises). ...


Species

There are presently around 2,800 described species, with many more yet to be described, both in museum collections and in the wild. The order has a world-wide distribution, but most species are found in the tropics.


Stick insects as pets

Many stick insects are easy to look after making them excellent first pets. The Indian (or Laboratory) stick insect, Carausius morosus, requires a tall (25cm+) vivarium (even a jar with a few holes punched in the top), some bramble, ivy, or privet and an atmosphere at room temperature. Indian stick insects are all female and reproduce by parthenogenesis and seem content living on their own. Occasionally part-male part-female individuals are reared in captivity, but never true males. Binomial name Carausius morosus Sinety, 1901 Carausius morosus (the common, Indian or laboratory stick insect) is a species of phasmid that is often kept by schools and individuals as pets. ... Two glass terrariums with plants Vivarium is an area, usually enclosed, for keeping and raising animals or plants for observation or research. ... The blackberry is a bramble fruit Bramble refers to thorny plants of the Genus Rubus, in the Rose family (Rosaceae). ... Species See text Hedera (English name ivy, plural ivies) is a genus of about ten species of climbing or ground-creeping evergreen woody plants in the family Araliaceae, native to the Atlantic Islands, western, central and southern Europe, northwestern Africa and across central-southern Asia east to Japan. ... Species See text Privet was originally the name for the European semi-evergreen shrub Ligustrum vulgare, and later also for the more reliably evergreen Ligustrum ovalifolium (Japanese privet), used extensively for privacy hedging (hence privet, private). ...


To find out more about this hobby visit the Phasmid Study Group website - a group dedicated to the study of phasmids or stick insects.[1]


Notable species

One Australian species, the Lord Howe Island stick insect, is now listed as critically endangered. It was believed extinct until its rediscovery on the rock Ball's Pyramid. There is a large effort in Australia to rear this species in captivity. Binomial name Dryococelus australis (Montrouzier, 1885) The Lord Howe Island stick insect was thought to be extinct by 1930, only to be rediscovered in 2001, this phenomenon is also known as the Lazarus effect. ... Image:Balls Pyramid2. ...


Females of Phobaeticus serratipes are the world's longest insects, measuring up to 33 cm (13 inches) from head to tip of abdomen. Binomial name Phobaeticus serratipes (Gray), 1835 The walking-stick species Phobaeticus serratipes (formerly known as Pharnacia serratipes) is the longest known insect, with one female specimen recorded as being 555 mm long - note, however, that this includes the legs fully extended in front and in back, and the actual length...


Adult female Heteropteryx dilatata may weigh in excess of 50g, but are considerably lighter than some of the largest Coleoptera species. Binomial name Heteropteryx dilatata (Parkinson, 1798) Heteropteryx dilatata is a large member of the Phasmatodea commonly kept in captivity. ...


Classification

Ctenomorpha chronus
Ctenomorpha chronus
Ctenomorpha chronus
Ctenomorpha chronus
Ctenomorpha chronus
Ctenomorpha chronus
Medauroidea extradentata
Medauroidea extradentata
Leaf insect (Phyllium sp.) from the Western Ghats
Leaf insect (Phyllium sp.) from the Western Ghats

The classification of the Phasmatodea is complex and confusing. There are many people, including many amateur entomologists, currently studying the order, and revisions are commonplace. The best source for information on the current arrangement is the Phasmida Species File which is continually updated. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x952, 268 KB) The stick insect Ctenomorpha chronus Taken by Fir0002 File links The following pages link to this file: Stick insect ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x952, 268 KB) The stick insect Ctenomorpha chronus Taken by Fir0002 File links The following pages link to this file: Stick insect ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x682, 254 KB) The stick insect Ctenomorpha chronus Taken by Fir0002 File links The following pages link to this file: Stick insect ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x682, 254 KB) The stick insect Ctenomorpha chronus Taken by Fir0002 File links The following pages link to this file: Stick insect ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 565 KB) The stick insect Ctenomorpha chronus Taken by Fir0002 File links The following pages link to this file: Stick insect ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 565 KB) The stick insect Ctenomorpha chronus Taken by Fir0002 File links The following pages link to this file: Stick insect ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 686 KB) Medauroidea extradentata comment: feeding female, size 9 centimeter (3. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 686 KB) Medauroidea extradentata comment: feeding female, size 9 centimeter (3. ... Image File history File links LeafInsect. ... Image File history File links LeafInsect. ... The Agasthiyamalai range of the Western Ghats The Western Ghats are a mountain range in India. ...


Trivia

David Hyde Pierce (born April 3, 1959) is an American actor, best known for his role as anal-retentive psychiatrist Dr. Niles Crane on the sitcom Frasier. ... A Bugs Life is a computer animated film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures and Buena Vista Distribution in the United States on November 14, 1998, and in the United Kingdom on 5 February 1999. ... Pans Labyrinth is a 2006 Academy Award-winning Spanish language film written and directed by Guillermo del Toro. ... Dr. Henry Indiana Jones, Jr. ...

References

  • Cameron, Stephen L.; Barker, Stephen C. & Whiting, Michael F. (2006): Mitochondrial genomics and the new insect order Mantophasmatodea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38: 274–279. DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.020 (HTML abstract)

A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...

Gallery

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

www.stickinsect.org.uk - THE site for anybody intrested in stick insects. Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...


www.bugsafari.co.uk - Interesting information and detalils of how to purchase stick insects.


Keeping and breeding stick insects in captivity.


  Results from FactBites:
 
God of Insects - Museum: Phasmatodea (=Phasmatoidea) (310 words)
Phasmatodea is the ordinal name given to the walkingsticks (stick insects) and the walkingleaves (leaf insects).
Another interesting habit of the Phasmatodea is their ability to reproduce parthenogeneticly; that is, females clone themselves.
Because sticks are different than leaves, the Phasmatodea are broken down into two families: the Phyllidae (walkingleaves AKA leaf insects) and the Phasmidae (=Phasmatidae) (walkingsticks AKA stick insects).
  More results at FactBites »


 

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